补光对出口模拟贮运人参榕叶片生长和光合作用的影响

为减轻出口人参榕贮运暗胁迫下叶片的黄化与脱落,以人参榕(接穗为泰国榕)为材料,采用28 W荧光灯补充光照,研究不同补光时长(0~12h·d-1)处理28d后对模拟贮运人参榕生长和光合作用的影响,以探索人参榕贮运期间适宜的补光时长。结果显示:(1)模拟暗贮运28d时,补光0h·d-1处理的人参榕落叶率、黄化指数分别为89.64%、0.52,而补光8~12h·d-1处理的落叶率、黄化指数显著下降,落叶率比对照(0h·d-1)分别显著下降为35.7%、39.19%、26.08%,黄化指数分别显著下降为0.25、0.28、0.19。(2)随着补光时间的延长,人参榕叶片的相对含水量(RWC)显著降低,而比叶重(SLW)显著升高;其叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a+b)含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素a/b、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)均呈上升趋势,且在补光8~12h·d-1处理下各指标均明显高于其他处理,但胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)呈下降趋势。(3)相关分析显示,模拟贮运人参榕的落叶率与黄化指数呈极显著正相关;落叶率、黄化指数均与其叶绿素含量、Pn呈极显著负相关,与Ci呈极显著正相关;且叶片Pn与叶绿素含量、Gs呈显著正相关,与Ci呈极显著负相关。研究表明,通过补光措施可显著减缓贮运人参榕叶片的黄化与脱落,28 W荧光灯光照8~12h·d-1的补光效果均较好,综合考虑成本认为在实际人参榕贮运过程中最适补光时长为8h·d-1;贮运时较长时间的暗胁迫环境对人参榕叶片光合系统造成损伤并导致Pn下降,其主要是叶绿素含量降低的非气孔限制因素所致。     

盆栽桐花树对不同遮光度的生理生态响应

盆栽红树植物桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)1年生幼苗,研究了在浇灌淡水和人工海水2种情况下不同遮光度(透光率25%、45%和100%)处理对盆栽桐花树生理生态的影响.结果表明,处理360 d后,在相同盐度处理下植株的茎高年增量随光照强度减弱而增大,3种光照强度处理之间差异极显著,而茎径年增量则与茎高年增量相反.平均每株分枝数、叶片数、叶面积和叶片厚度存在显著差异.在相同盐度处理下,光照强度25%和45%处理的植株叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量无显著差异,但均显著高于100%光照强度,而6种处理植株叶片叶绿素a/b比值没有显著差异.在相同盐度处理下,随着光照强度的降低,净光合速率、可溶性糖含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和根系活力均呈下降趋势,且不同光照强度处理间存在极显著差异.在同一光照强度下,淡水组的可溶性糖含量、NR活性和根系活力均比人工海水组低.试验表明,遮光对盆栽桐花树的生理生态有显著影响.     

贮运温度对盆栽榕树落叶及抗性生理的影响

以盆栽榕树为试验材料,探讨不同贮运温度对盆栽榕树落叶及抗性生理的变化。结果表明,不同贮运温度对盆栽榕树落叶及抗性生理影响显著。与(16±1)℃及(19±1)℃比较,(10±1)℃及(13±1)℃的贮运温度能显著减缓叶片的细胞质膜透性、降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,增加可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,延缓叶绿素的降解速度,落叶率低。在贮运36 d时,(10±1)℃和(13±1)℃贮运温度的落叶率均在16%以下,达到出口要求,而两者间的落叶率差异不显著。     

不同光质补光对设施内桃果实品质及叶片质量的影响

研究采用蓝光、红蓝光、紫外光3种植物生长灯对设施内‘春雪’和‘中油4号’桃进行暗期延时补光,以设施内暗期光照为对照,探究不同光质补光对设施内桃果实品质及叶片质量的影响,并筛选最优补光光质。结果表明:(1)与对照(未补光)相比,3种补光处理对设施内‘春雪’和‘中油4号’桃果实品质及叶片质量均影响显著,且不同光质处理间存在显著差异。(2)蓝光补光处理桃果实单果重最大,可溶性固形物含量最高,可溶性糖含量较高,维生素C含量最高,可滴定酸含量较低,叶片叶绿素含量最高,叶面积最大,叶片及其栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度最厚,而果实酚类物质含量居中。(3)紫外光补光处理桃果实的酚酸类、黄烷醇类、黄酮醇类、花色苷类4类酚类物质含量最高,而果实品质居中,叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积以及叶片及栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度较低。(4)红蓝光补光处理桃果实的单果重、可溶性糖、维生素C含量和酚类物质含量最低,而叶片质量居中。研究认为,适宜的设施内暗期延时补光可显著提高桃叶片质量,有效改善桃果实单果重和营养品质,并以蓝光补光的效果最佳。     

显脉金花茶对不同光照强度的适应性研究

以显脉金花茶Camellia euphlebia二年生扦插苗为材料,研究不同光照强度(10%、20%、40%、全光照)下其叶片叶绿素含量、保护酶(SOD和POD)活性、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)含量、营养元素含量(氮、磷、钾)以及苗木的生长量。结果表明,随着光照强度的增强,叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量持续下降,不同光照强度下叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量存在差异,而叶绿素a/b的差异不显著。叶片SOD活性随光照强度增加而逐步上升,全光照处理的SOD活性显著高于10%和20%光照处理(P0.05);40%光照条件下的叶片POD活性与全光照和20%光照处理无显著差异,但显著高于10%光照处理(P0.05)。全光照条件下叶片MDA含量显著高于其他光照处理(P0.05)。营养元素方面,全光照处理的氮含量显著高于20%和40%光照处理(P0.05);不同光照处理的叶片磷含量差异显著(P0.05),而钾含量无显著差异。不同光照处理间叶片的可溶性蛋白含量存在显著差异(P0.05),可溶性糖含量差异不显著。显脉金花茶在20%光照强度下有较高的苗高和地径生长量。综合分析,显脉金花茶扦插苗在20%光照强度下生长较佳。     

延长光照时间对烟草叶片生长发育及光合特性的影响

以烤烟品种‘云烟87’为材料,采用夜间人工补光的方式,以自然光照时间为对照,设置增加1h、2h和3h光照3个处理,研究延长光照时间对烟草生长发育、叶绿素含量及光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数和光响应曲线的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,延长光照时间2h处理下烟株叶长、叶宽、株高显著增加,1h、3h处理影响不显著。(2)延长光照处理显著降低比叶面积,提高叶片叶绿素a、b、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素含量,但1h、3h处理的变化幅度小于2h处理。(3)延长光照时间1h和2h处理下叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著升高,3h处理影响不大;延长光照处理显著提高了PSⅡ最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(qP),降低了非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),其中2h处理影响幅度最大,但对初始荧光强度F0影响不显著;延长光照处理下烟草叶片的最大净光合速率(Pmax)和光饱和点(Isat)均升高,但光补偿点(Ic)没有明显的变化。研究表明,适当延长光照时间有利于叶片生长发育和干物质积累,提高叶绿素含量,促进光合作用,缓解光抑制现象,充分利用光能,提高叶片光合同化效率。     

油菜素内酯对霍山石斛抗冷性能的调控效应

以2年生霍山石斛(Dendrobium huoshanense)的当年生茎叶为试验材料,在叶面喷施0、0.01、0.05、0.10和0.50mg·L-1油菜素内酯(BR)后,进行48h昼/夜温度为(4±1)℃/(2±1)℃的低温胁迫处理,测定其幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量和电导率及脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量的变化,研究BR对霍山石斛抗冷性的影响。结果显示:(1)低温胁迫条件下,霍山石斛叶片叶绿素含量随胁迫时间推移而不断降低;SOD、POD与CAT活性变化趋势均呈单峰曲线,峰值出现在低温胁迫后10d;MDA含量和电导率均持续提高。(2)叶面喷施BR预处理显著缓解了低温胁迫对霍山石斛的伤害,显著提高其叶片叶绿素含量,显著增强了SOD、POD与CAT的活性,显著降低其MDA含量和电导率;并显著提高了叶片中脯氨酸含量与茎中可溶性糖含量。(3)BR浓度为0.10mg·L-1的处理效果显著优于其它浓度处理。研究表明,在低温胁迫条件下,油菜素内酯能够通过增强霍山石斛叶片内抗氧化酶活性,提高其渗透调节能力,有效减轻低温造成的过氧化伤害,提高叶片叶绿素含量,增强其植株的抗冷性,并以0.10mg·L-1油菜素内酯效果最佳。     

壳寡糖对旱薄地花生叶片衰老及产量和品质的影响

在旱薄地条件下,以小花生品种‘花育20号’(HY20)和大花生品种‘花育22号’(HY22)为实验材料,研究叶面喷施不同浓度壳寡糖[0mg·kg-1(T0)、50mg·kg-1(T1)、100mg·kg-1(T2)、200mg·kg-1(T3)]对叶片衰老、荚果产量和籽仁品质的影响。结果表明:(1)壳寡糖处理均显著提高了旱薄地花生饱果期叶片叶绿素含量和保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,降低了MDA含量,并显著提高了2个品种的单株结果数、饱果率和荚果产量。(2)壳寡糖处理降低了HY20的籽仁蛋白质含量却提高了其脂肪含量,但提高了HY22的籽仁蛋白质和脂肪含量,且T1处理对HY20的油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值提高幅度较大,而T2处理对HY22的O/L值提高幅度较大。研究认为,在生产实际中用50mg·kg-1壳寡糖叶面喷施品种‘花育20号’(HY20)、用100mg·kg-1壳寡糖叶面喷施品种‘花育22号’(HY22)时,2个品种的籽仁产量、蛋白质和脂肪产量均最高,可达到花生生产的高产优质高效。     

不同光源对柚木组培苗生长发育的影响

该研究采用不同光源处理柚木组培继代苗,通过测定株高、叶宽、叶鲜重、全株干重、叶绿素含量和观察叶片上下表皮结构,研究不同光源对柚木组培苗生长发育的影响,并筛选适宜其快速生长发育的光环境。结果表明:不同光照下顶芽培养的植株高生长顺序为H_(FL)﹥H_(1RB)﹥H_S﹥H_(2RB)﹥H_(3RB)﹥H_D,茎段培养的腋芽高生长顺序为h_(FL)﹥h_S﹥h_D﹥h_(1RB)﹥h_(2RB)﹥h_(3RB)。LED红蓝组合灯(2RB、3RB)处理下植株最大叶宽显著大于荧光灯(FL)、全光谱灯(S)和无补光设备(D)处理,并随RB光强增加,最大叶宽及叶鲜重显著增加。全株干重以D和S光照处理显著低于其它光照处理。RB系列和S光照处理下的叶绿素总含量高于对照FL和D处理组。2RB和3RB光照处理下叶片的上表皮细胞不规则多角形,相互镶嵌排列,其它光照处理下上表皮细胞呈圆形。下表皮气孔数量在有补光设备处理(S、RB、FL)时是无补光设备处理(D)的1.5倍以上,2RB和3RB光照处理下气孔张开度大于对照FL和D处理组,且保卫细胞呈井型突起。参试光源中,柚木组培苗增殖阶段选择荧光灯或全光谱灯为好,高生长显著,腋芽分化和生长快,有利于提高增殖率;而RB红蓝组合灯(3RB、2RB)适合壮苗培养,叶大苗壮,全株生物量大,且叶表面结构发育成熟,有利于提高光合作用。     

美丽箬竹对模拟大气O3浓度倍增胁迫的生理响应

运用开顶式气室(OTCs)模拟当前环境大气O3浓度(对照,40～45 nL·L-1)、O3浓度倍增4倍(TR-1,92～106 nL·L-1)和O3浓度倍增2倍(TR-2,142～160 nL·L-1)胁迫,以叶片光合色素、MDA、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量及SOD和POD活性和相对电导率为指标,分析了美丽箬竹(Indocalamus decorus Q.H.Dai)对O3胁迫的生理响应规律.结果显示:随O3浓度的提高,叶片叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,SOD和POD活性,可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量及二者的比值(SPC/SSC)均呈下降趋势;叶绿素a口与b的比值(Chla/Chlb)、MDA含量和相对电导率均呈增加趋势.TR-1条件下叶片POD活性和可溶性糖含量分别比对照下降38.86％和10.37％,差异显著;Chla/Chlb比值显著高于对照,其余指标均与对照无显著差异.而在TR-2条件下叶片Chla、Chlb、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著低于对照,降幅分别为26.89％、40.91％、30.47％和20.37％;SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量以及PC/SSC比值也均显著低于对照,降幅分别为42.03％、46.62％、45.09％、11.52％和40.15％;Chla/Chlb比值、MDA含量和相对电导率均显著高于对照.另外,TR-1与TR-2处理组间光合色素含量和POD活性差异不显著,TR-2处理组MDA含量和相对电导率显著高于TR-1处理组,SOD活性显著低于后者.研究结果表明:美丽箬竹对O3胁迫具有强耐受性,可种植于O3浓度较高的环境中.     

土壤镉胁迫对檫木光合特性的影响

采用盆栽控制土培试验的方法,探讨不同浓度Cd胁迫对檫木(Sassafras tzumu Hemsl.)光合特性的影响。试验共设置5个镉处理水平(CK:0 mg·kg^-1,T1:5 mg·kg^-1,T2:20 mg·kg^-1,T3:50 mg·kg^-1,T4:100 mg·kg^-1)。分别测定每个处理下檫木叶片叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数及光合—光响应曲线。结果表明:①随着处理Cd浓度的升高,檫木叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量先增加后下降,T2处理下取达到最大值;②随着Cd浓度处理升高,叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)均呈现下降趋势,各处理间胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)差异不显著,檫木叶片光合速率主要受非气孔因素限制;③随着Cd浓度升高,檫木叶片的Pnmax(最大净光合速率)呈现显著下降趋势;T1处理条件下,檫木叶片的初始量子效率(α)值最大;檫木叶片的暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)总体呈现下降趋势。综上表明,在不同浓度Cd胁迫条件下,檫木叶绿素含量先增后减,在T1、T2处理下高于CK,体现了Cd胁迫“低促高抑”的效应;随着Cd浓度处理升高,光合气体交换参数及光合—光响应参数较CK总体上均呈现下降趋势,表明Cd胁迫对檫木光合作用产生了明显的抑制作用。     

The Photosynthetic Characteristics of Wheat Ear

The stomata and green cells in wheat ears were observed by electron microscopy, and the photosynthetic activity of the ears was measured with an infra-red gas analyser. 1. The awn, glume, palea, lemma, and axis were photosynthetic organs on the wheat ears. Stomata, however, only existed at the green parts in these organs. The ears which had longer awns and higher content of chlorophyll usually showed relatively high photosynthetic rates. 2. The structure and photochemical activity of the chloroplasts in the awns were similar to those in the leaves. 3. The photosynthetic rate of ears could be promoted by increasing light intensity and CO2 concentration. The CO2 compensation point (110 ppm) and the light compensation point (200μE·m-2 · s-1)of ears were higher than those of leaves. 4. The wheat ears had photoresplration. The CO2-releasing rate of the ears under light could be promoted by high O3 concentration. The CO2 outburst and the oscillation in photosynthesis in the awns could be measured. These results suggested that the photosynthetic pathway in the wheat ears was Cspathway. 5. The highest photosynthetic rate of ears emerged at flowering stage. Thereafter, the photosynthetic activity of the ears fell down as the chlorophyll content declined and the grains were filled up.     

连作土壤中施加球毛壳ND35菌肥对杨树生理特性的影响

在山东农业大学林学实验站杨树连作土壤中施加不同剂量(0.17、0.33、0.67、1.00、1.33和1.67 g·kg^-1)的球毛壳ND35菌肥,测定不同处理下一年生杨树叶片的光响应过程、叶绿素荧光以及叶黄素循环等光合生理生化指标,研究球毛壳ND35菌肥对杨树根系和光合生理性能的影响.结果表明: 随连作土壤中菌肥含量的增加,杨树叶片的叶绿素含量(Chl)呈增加趋势,电子传递速率(ETR)、净光合速率(P_n)、量子效率(Φ)、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性以及根系活力等生理指标均呈先增加后降低的趋势,依赖于叶黄素循环的光合热耗散呈降低趋势,而非光化学淬灭(NPQ)呈先降低后增加的趋势.在土壤施加菌肥剂量0.67和1.00 g·kg^-1处理时,光合机构的过剩光能减少,向光化学反应方向分配的光能增多,光能利用效率提高.在连作土壤中施加适量(0.67～1.00 g·kg^-1)的球毛壳ND35菌肥,能在一定程度上提高杨树的根系生理活性,提高杨树叶片对光能的利用效率,有利于改善杨树叶片的光合机构运转状态,提高叶片的光合作用效率.     

Combined Effects of Partial Defoliation and Nutrient Availability on Cloned Betula pendula Saplings: II. CHANGES IN NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RELATED BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

The combined effects of partial defoliation and nutrient availabilityon net photosynthesis and related biochemical variables werestudied in cloned Betula pendula Roth saplings. The saplingswere randomly assigned to different nutrient levels (5, 1·5and 0·5 mol N m^–3) in aerated nutrient cultureand to the following defoliation treatments: (1) control (nodamage), (2) damage of the developing main stem leaves (halfof the leaf lamina removed), and (3)removal of the developingmain stem leaves (entire leaf lamina removed). The leaf immediatelybelow the damaged area in the treated plants, and the correspondingleaf in the control plants, were selected for study. Net photosynthesismeasurements and biochemical determinations were made 2, 8 and14 d after assigning the treatments. At intermediate and lownutrient levels the final net photosynthetic capacity was significantlyhigher in the saplings with the topmost leaves removed thanin the undamaged control saplings, indicating that the expressionof compensatory photosynthesis after partial defoliation isnot inhibited by nutrient deficiency. The photosynthetic enhancementwas closely associated with the increased initial activity ofribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). However,the increased activity of Rubisco was not exclusively the resultof a higher amount of Rubisco. The expression of compensatoryphotosynthesis after partial defoliation in our study cannotunequivocally be attributed to an increased flow of nitrogento the remaining leaves. Key words: Partial defoliation, nutrient availability, net photosynthesis, nitrogen, Rubisco     

Analytical studies on the responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) to various defoliation treatments

The effects of defoliation treatments on plant growth in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were studied in the field. Four defoliation treatments, 0 (control), 37.4, 56.1 and 93.4% of the total leaf dry weight, were applied to plants that had small third leaves. Decreased leaf weight/whole plant weight (F/W) ratios in defoliated plants rapidly recovered to almost the same ratio as that observed in the control within 12 to 16 days after defoliation according to the degree of defoliation. The mechanism involved in the recovery of the F/W ratio in defoliated plants mainly consisted of three parameters: enhancement of (1) carbon distribution ratios in the leaves, (2) photosynthetic activity in the remaining leaves, and (3) retranslocation of carbon from the stem and/or roots to leaves. Inhibitive effects of defoliation on relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were seen at an early stage, but subsequently both rates became larger in defoliated plants than in controls. Defoliated plants tended to show rapid development and expansion of new leaves, and to show increased specific leaf area and protein synthesis in individual leaves. The sugar content of leaves in defoliated plants was higher than that in controls, while the content in both stem and roots was lower. These responses seem to be advantageous for development of the photosynthetic system. Heights of defoliated plants were clearly depressed according to the degree of defoliation, and this was attributed largely to differences in the elongation rates of the internodes resulting from defoliation.     

平茬高度对香椿生长及其光合特性和非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响

该研究以4年生香椿为试验材料,设置平茬20 cm(T₁)、50 cm(T₂)、80 cm(T₃)和不平茬(CK)4种处理,观测其萌枝和叶片生长情况,以及叶片的气体交换参数、光合色素含量、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量的变化,分析不同平茬高度的生长生理响应差异,以明确平茬措施下香椿植株更新复壮再生的生理机制。结果表明：(1)平茬能够显著提高香椿的萌枝能力,促进侧枝和叶片生长,其萌枝数、侧枝长度在T₃处理下最高,成枝数、叶长、叶宽、叶面积及侧枝粗度在T₂处理下达到最大值。(2)随着平茬高度的增加,香椿叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率均先升后降,并在T₂处理达到最大,较CK分别显著提高了17.33%、10.00%、13.51%和6.98%;平茬也提高了叶片光合色素含量,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量在T₂处理下分别比CK显著提高了18.34%、27.07%、21.11%和23.05%。(3)不同平茬高度处...     

Photosynthetic responses of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., to defoliation patterns on individual leaves

The impact of defoliation by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), on the photosynthetic rates of injured, individual wheat, Triticum aestivum L., leaves and the impact of different spatial patterns of artificial insect defoliation on photosynthesis of remaining leaf tissue of injured, individual wheat leaves were evaluated in this study. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were recorded in the flag-leaves of wheat plants 1 and 24 h after defoliation in 2003 and at 1 h, 24 h, 7 d, and 14 d after defoliation in 2004. Photosynthesis of injured leaves was not significantly affected by any defoliation treatment (i.e., control, natural, and artificial). Similarly, we did not observe interactions between defoliation treatments and time after defoliation. Stomatal conductance was significantly affected by time after defoliation and by the interaction between defoliation treatment and time after defoliation. However, in general, our results showed that wheat responded similarly to insect defoliation and artificial defoliation, which, therefore, may be used to simulate leaf mass consumption. Spatial defoliation patterns had a significant effect on photosynthetic parameters of injured leaves, but responses were dependent on plant developmental stages. The chlorophyll a fluorescence data revealed no significant effects from any defoliation pattern on the photochemical efficiency of the injured leaf. No significant interactions between defoliation patterns and time after defoliation were observed. Our findings reveal that the spatial pattern of defoliation in wheat affects photosynthetic and other gas exchange responses, which suggests that when simulating insect defoliation in wheat, researchers need to be cognizant of the defoliation pattern to adequately simulate insect defoliation.     

模拟及实地条纹黄瓜甲虫脱叶作用对‘Carolina’黄瓜光合反应的影响(英文)

１９９５年作者进行了田间试验来比较模拟的条纹黄瓜甲虫 Ａｃａｌｙｍｍａ　Ｖｉｔｔａｔｕｍ（Ｆ）脱叶作用及实地Ａ．ｖｉｔｔａｔｕｍ脱叶作用对‘Ｃａｒｏｌｉｎａ’黄瓜光合反应的影响。在５个生长阶段（从第一片真叶到收获）中,共模拟了６种脱叶水平（０％一１００％）。在每一生长阶段,每点植株每周两次用剪子去叶,这一处理叫连续脱叶。除此之外,对同一生长阶段植株也用了一次性脱叶处理,但只有４种脱叶水平（０,２５,５０及１００％）。用Ａ．ｖｉｔｔａｔｕｍ成虫笼养试验来估计实地害虫脱叶危害。每笼中甲虫放置时间为两周,密度各为每株０,１,３,５及１０头,测定其净光合速率。在模拟及实地害虫脱叶处理之间,没有测到显著的光合速率差异（ Ｐ＞０． ０５）。在模拟害虫脱叶试验中,受损叶片和未受损叶片的光合速率也很少有显著差异。结果显示模拟害虫脱叶处理过程不仅能准确反映实地Ａ．ｖｉｔｔａｔｕｍ脱叶危害下的‘Ｃａｒｏｌｉｎａ’黄瓜的生长反应,而且也适用于确定Ａ．ｖｉｔｔａｔｕｍ对黄瓜的经济危害水平。     

Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis Without Net Loss of D1 Protein in Wheat Leaves Under Field Conditions

To determine whether the net loss of D1 protein is the main cause of photoinhibition of photosynthesis in wheat leaves under field conditions in the absence of any environmental stress other than strong sunlight, the D1 protein content, photosynthetic evolution of oxygen and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were measured in field grown wheat leaves. After exposure to midday strong light for about 3 h, apparent photosynthetic quantum efficiency (Φ), Fv/Fm and Fo in wheat leaves declined, and these parameters recovered almost completely 1 h after transfer to the weak light of 30~40 ttmol photons · m-2 · s-1. No evident change in the D1 protein content was observed in the leaves after exposure to midday strong light for 3 h. After 3 hours exposure to strong light, the slow-relaxed fluorescence quenching in the leaves treated with streptomycin (SM) increased much more than that in the control leaves, but there was no effect SM on the recovery of Fv/Fm and F0; dithiothretol (DTT) treatment enhanced photoinhibition of photosynthesis and reduced the D1 protein content in the leaves after exposure to midday strong light. These results indicated that under field conditions with no environmental stress other than strong sunlight, photoinhibition of photosynthesis in wheat leaves was not due to the net loss of D1 protein, and it could be attributed mainly by the increased nonradiative energy dissipation.