Hypergravity and aging in Drosophila melanogaster: 7. New longevity data

Longevity of mated and virgin Drosophila melanogaster flies was observed at various gravity levels (1–7.38 g). A slight longevity decrease was observed in the 1–5.14 g range for virgin males, and a larger one in the 5.14–7.38 g range. The effect of gravity was larger for females in the 1–5.14 g range, and at the highest gravity level, bot hsexes had roughly the same longevity, which however remained high (around 40 days). The longevity of mated flies was lower than that of virgins at 1 g, and only a slight longevity decrease was observed in the 1–7.38 g range in females, this decrease being larger for males. Hypergravity appears to have no dramatic effects on life span and to be of lower importance than the simple effect of mating. This study confirms previous results obtained in the 1–5.02 g range with virgin flies (Le Bourg and Lints, 1989).     

Acute effects of low doses of alcohol on left ventricular function by echocardiography.

The ultrasound method for measuring the dimensions of the left ventricle was utilized to study the effect of oral doses of alcohol on left ventricular function in normal volunteers. Systolic time intervals were also measured. Seven subjects received 0.7 g/kg of ethanol (group I) and six subjects recieved 1.15 g/kg (group II). The peak of blood alcohol levels in the two groups were 75 mg/100 ml and 138 mg/100 ml respectively. There was a 6% decrease in the fractional change in the minor axis of the left ventricle in group I patients which resulted in a decrease in ejection fraction (p greater than 0.05). In group II patients, there was a 3% decrease in the fractional change in the minor axis of the left ventricle, but the change of ejection fraction was not significant. Since there was no significant difference between the physiological effects observed in groups I and II, the two groups were combined. In the combined group, at 30 minutes after the ingestion of alchol, the heart rate was increased by 11%, the fractional change in the minor axis of the left ventricle decreased by 6%, the ejection fraction decreased by 4% (p greater than 0.01) and Vcf decreased by 5%. These data suggest that in normal subjects myocardial contractility is depressed following the ingestion of alcohol.     

降钙素原与白介素 6与急性心力衰竭继发肺部感染的关系

目的:观察分析血清降钙素原（PCT）与白介素 6（IL-6）与急性心力衰竭(心衰)并发肺部感染中的关联性。方法:将急性心衰患者184例分别于发病后第1、2、3、5天抽取静脉血, 检测血清IL-6、PCT的变化,同时依据患者临床肺部感染评分及痰培养结果将患者分为单纯心衰组与心衰并发肺部感染组,分析两组患者IL-6、PCT动态变化的意义。结果:心衰发生后第1、2天单纯心衰组与并发肺部感染组炎性反应指标较正常值明显增高。单纯心衰组发生后第2天PCT达到高峰,第3、5天PCT明显下降,降低幅度大于50%。但第3天单纯心衰组有59%患者血清PCT≥2.0 μg/L;而继发肺部感染组第1、2天血清PCT水平也表现明显升高,两组比较,差异无统计学意义。但第3天及第5天患者血清PCT水平持续升高或下降幅度＜30%。IL-6的动态变化:单纯心衰组发生后IL-6缓慢上升,第3天白IL-6达到高峰,持续升高至第5天下降不明显;而肺部感染组各时点观察IL-6水平持续升高,两组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:急性心衰发生后,血清PCT水平的动态变化与继发肺部感染有关联。     

降钙素原与白介素-6与急性心力衰竭继发肺部感染的关系

目的观察分析血清降钙素原（PCT）与白介素-6（IL-6）与急性心力衰竭（心衰）并发肺部感染中的关联性。方法：将急性心衰患者184例分别于发病后第1、2、3、5天抽取静脉血,检测血清IL-6、PCT的变化,同时依据患者临床肺部感染评分及痰培养结果将患者分为单纯心衰组与心衰并发肺部感染组,分析两组患者IL-6、PCT动态变化的意义。结果：心衰发生后第1、2天单纯心衰组与并发肺部感染组炎性反应指标较正常值明显增高。单纯心衰组发生后第2天PCT达到高峰,第3、5天PCT明显下降,降低幅度大于50％。但第3天单纯心衰组有59％患者血清PCT≥2．0 μg／L;而继发肺部感染组第1、2天血清PCT水平也表现明显升高,两组比较,差异无统计学意义。但第3天及第5天患者血清PCT水平持续升高或下降幅度〈30％。IL-6的动态变化：单纯心衰组发生后IL-6缓慢上升,第3天白IL-6达到高峰,持续升高至第5天下降不明显;而肺部感染组各时点观察IL-6水平持续升高,两组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论：急性心衰发生后,血清PCT水平的动态变化与继发肺部感染有关联。     

Intracoronary thrombolysis in evolving myocardial infarction. Sequential angiographic analysis of left ventricular performance.

Since November 1979 left ventricular angiography and coronary arteriography have been performed in 80 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction in order to attempt coronary recanalisation by local streptokinase infusion. The average delay between the onset of symptoms and streptokinase infusion was 3.6 hours. Thrombolysis was successful in 64% of cases. No serious complications related to the procedure were noted. Of the 12 patients in cardiogenic shock, recanalisation was achieved in only four, of whom two survived. To evaluate the left ventricular salvage resulting from early recanalisation the last 58 patients had a second left ventricular angiogram and further coronary arteriograms 21 +/- 10 days later and 16 patients had a third study three months later. From the left ventricular angiogram in the right anterior oblique projection the ejection fraction and two graphic variables of regional wall motion were computed quantifying the hypokinetic zone. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the patency of the infarct related artery at the second control: group 1 consisted of 28 patients with successful recanalisation confirmed, and group 2 of 30 patients in whom no recanalisation was achieved or secondary reocclusion had occurred. At the second study the ejection fraction was unchanged in group 1 but had significantly decreased in group 2. Regional wall motion improved in group 1 and worsened in group 2, more so in patients without recanalisation than in those in whom secondary reocclusion had occurred. The third study showed a further decrease in ejection fraction in group 2. A progressive decrease in percentage residual stenosis was observed in group 1. This sequential angiographic study confirms the partial myocardial salvage resulting from early coronary recanalisation during acute myocardial infarction.     

Bromobenzene accelerates hepatocyte streaming in rats.

Sixty male adult rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were divided in two equal experimental groups. The first experiment was designed to evaluate hepatocyte streaming. Animals were injected with 0.5 microCi [3H]thymidine and 1 hour later received one intraperitoneal injection of bromobenzene (3.8 mmol/kg, dissolved in corn oil). The animals were then killed in groups of five at 1 hour and 2, 4, 7, 14, and 30 days. The aim of the second experiment was to evaluate labeling index changes with time. Animals received one intraperitoneal injection of bromobenzene and were killed in groups of five at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 days. They received [3H]thymidine 1 hour before killing. Bromobenzene induced a necrosis in the third acinus zone that disappeared within a week. On day 0 the labeling index of hepatocytes and littoral cells was 0.3% +/- 0.04% and 0.4% +/- 0.05%, respectively. On the second day, it reached 14.6% +/- 2.6% and 10.1% +/- 3.1% and returned to its initial value after 1 week. Dead cells in the third zone were replaced by inflowing cells from the intact zones. Hepatocytes and littoral cells streamed at the same velocity of 6 +/- 0.5 micron/day, faster than in untreated animals with velocity of 3.2 microns/day. Parenchyma and stroma responded to injury in a coordinated fashion. From the functional point of view, hepatocytes and littoral cells operate as a unit that is called proliferon. The maximal proliferon life span was 57 days after bromobenzene treatment and 108 days in controls.     

Effect of sustained release isosorbide dinitrate on exercise performance

The duration of action and hemodynamic mechanisms of isosorbide dinitrate in a sustained release formula (ISDSR) were examined over a 24-hour period. 20 patients with effort angina pectoris were divided randomly into two groups, one group received a single dose of 40 mg ISDSR (at 07.30 h) and the other, two doses of 40 mg ISDSR (at 07.30 and 13.30 h). Every patient had four exercise tests on the first (placebo) day and second (ISDSR) day and a single test on the third (placebo) day. Effort tolerance was improved significantly (p less than 0.05) with ISDSR and this lasted for more than 10 h. The double product was compared to ISDSR. Improvement was achieved by a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. There were no signs of increased ischemia (ST segment depression) with the prolongation of exercise time. The antianginal and hemodynamic effects of ISDSR were more pronounced in the patients who received two doses of ISDSR. Thus, ISDSR improved effort tolerance for a prolonged period by inducing a sustained decrease of blood pressure and increase in heart rate in patients with effort-induced angina pectoris.     

Cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension

The time course of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and changes in left ventricular function were followed in 52 middle-aged hypertensive patients divided into two groups: 30 treated with betablockers and 22 with methyldopa. In case of inadequate blood pressure control, diuretics and/or vasodilators were added in both groups. Blood pressure decreased significantly over a three-year follow-up period. The decrease was most pronounced during the first three months. The biggest decrease in posterior wall and interventricular septum thickness was detected by echocardiography also within the first three months. While complete regression of posterior wall hypertrophy was noted within the next three months, interventricular septum thickness decreased steadily over a period of two years. No significant change was seen in the septum in the third year of follow-up. Complete regression of hypertrophy was found in 30 (57.7%) of probands, with no change altogether observed in as few as two patients. Regression was incomplete in 20 (38.4%) obese patients with manifest hypertrophy at the start of the study. Regression of hypertrophy was not associated with left ventricular function deterioration and was observed even after vasodilator administration. There were no differences between the two groups of patients.     

Virological and Immunological Data of AIDS Patients Treated by Passive Immunotherapy (Transfusions of Plasma Rich in HIV-1 Antibodies)

Background and objectives: In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, passive immunotherapy can be carried out through infusions of virus-inactivated plasma from symptomless HIV-infected persons with abundant HIV antibodies. Materials and methods: We carried out a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, passive immunotherapy study, which compared two groups. One received plasma rich in HIV antibodies, the other a standard seronegative plasma. Results: Measurement of the plasma HIV RNA load showed in both groups a significant decrease in the mean viral copy number at the end of the first month, followed by an increase at the third month. Beyond the third month, a significant decrease in viral load was observed only in the treatment group. A significant difference in favor of the treatment group was observed for plasma viremia by HIV culture. For the cytokines involved in the viral replication and for the immune activation markers such as neopterin and β2-microglobulin, the biological analysis in plasma failed to show a significant difference in either group. Clinically, the treatment group benefited by delay in the appearance of the first AIDS-defining event and reduction in the cumulative incidence of such events. Conclusion: One possible interpretation is that passive immunotherapy affects plasma viral load, but there is no evidence that HIV-specific antibodies are exclusively responsible for the observed effects.     

Intracoronary thrombolysis in evolving myocardial infarction. Sequential angiographic analysis of left ventricular performance

Since November 1979 left ventricular angiography and coronary arteriography have been performed in 80 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction in order to attempt coronary recanalisation by local streptokinase infusion. The average delay between the onset of symptoms and streptokinase infusion was 3.6 hours. Thrombolysis was successful in 64% of cases. No serious complications related to the procedure were noted. Of the 12 patients in cardiogenic shock, recanalisation was achieved in only four, of whom two survived. To evaluate the left ventricular salvage resulting from early recanalisation the last 58 patients had a second left ventricular angiogram and further coronary arteriograms 21 +/- 10 days later and 16 patients had a third study three months later. From the left ventricular angiogram in the right anterior oblique projection the ejection fraction and two graphic variables of regional wall motion were computed quantifying the hypokinetic zone. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the patency of the infarct related artery at the second control: group 1 consisted of 28 patients with successful recanalisation confirmed, and group 2 of 30 patients in whom no recanalisation was achieved or secondary reocclusion had occurred. At the second study the ejection fraction was unchanged in group 1 but had significantly decreased in group 2. Regional wall motion improved in group 1 and worsened in group 2, more so in patients without recanalisation than in those in whom secondary reocclusion had occurred. The third study showed a further decrease in ejection fraction in group 2. A progressive decrease in percentage residual stenosis was observed in group 1. This sequential angiographic study confirms the partial myocardial salvage resulting from early coronary recanalisation during acute myocardial infarction.     

不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀短期干预对ACS患者血浆TM、hsCRP水平的影响(英文)

目的:探讨不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀短期干预对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆血栓调节蛋白(TM)及高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的影响。方法:选择ACS患者32例,随机均分为10mg瑞舒伐他汀组和20mg瑞舒伐他汀组,并选择非冠心病患者16例为正常对照组;采用酶联免疫吸附法定量测定两治疗组治疗前后及正常对照组入院时的TM及hsCRP水平,并观察两治疗组1个月内药物不良反应及心血管事件的发生率。结果:ACS患者治疗前血浆TM及hsCRP水平均明显高于正常对照组(P均<0.001);与治疗前比较,治疗7d后两组TM[10mg组:(54.09±52.45)μg/dl比(15.65±2.30)μg/dl,20mg组:(70.27±62.43)μg/dl比(19.86±5.49)μg/dl]及hsCRP[10mg组:(126.35±76.08)ng/ml比(54.85±45.30)ng/ml,20mg组:(125.35±60.29)ng/ml比(58.14±53.54)ng/ml]水平明显降低(P均<0.01);但两种治疗剂量对ACS患者血浆TM、hsCRP影响的差异无显著性(P均>0.05),且其随访期的药物不良反应发生率差异亦无显著性(P>0.05);瑞舒伐他汀20mg治疗组患者主要心血管事件发生率(MACE):再发心绞痛明显低于10mg组(18.75%比62.50%,P<0.01)。结论:早期强化他汀药物(20mg/d)治疗能降低ACS患者血浆血栓调节蛋白及高敏C反应蛋白水平,有效降低心血管事件的发生率,但不明显增加药物不良反应率。     

Safety of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-M-toluamide (DEET) in pregnancy.

The safety of daily application of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) (1.7 g of DEET/day) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was assessed as part of a double-blind, randomized, therapeutic trial of insect repellents for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy (n = 897). No adverse neurologic, gastrointestinal, or dermatologic effects were observed for women who applied a median total dose of 214.2 g of DEET per pregnancy (range = 0-345.1 g). DEET crossed the placenta and was detected in 8% (95% confidence interval = 2.6-18.2) of cord blood samples from a randomly selected subgroup of DEET users (n = 50). No adverse effects on survival, growth, or development at birth, or at one year, were found. This is the first study to document the safety of DEET applied regularly in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The results suggest that the risk of DEET accumulating in the fetus is low and that DEET is safe to use in later pregnancy.     

Clinical reactivation of genital herpes simplex virus infection decreases in frequency over time.

BACKGROUND: Visits to physicians for genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection continue to increase. Most patients with symptomatic infections have recurrences, but no studies of the long-term clinical course of genital herpes are available. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the frequency of HSV recurrences decreases over time. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: University-based research clinic. PATIENTS: 664 persons with genital herpes followed for at least 14 months. MEASUREMENTS: Patients were classified as having initial or recurrent HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection. Patient-reported recurrences and observed recurrences were recorded in a database; more than 12,000 recurrences were analyzed. RESULTS: Median recurrence rates in the first year of follow-up were one and five per year in patients with newly acquired HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection, respectively; second-year rates were significantly lower in both groups. Patients presenting with recurrent HSV-2 infection had higher rates of recurrence in the first and second years and no significant decrease; significant decreases were detected with longer follow-up. One third of all patients experienced a decrease of two or more recurrences per year between years 1 and 2. Patients infected with HSV-2 who were followed for more than 4 years had a median decrease of two recurrences between years 1 and 5. However, 25% of these patients had an increase of at least one recurrence in year 5, illustrating the variability among HSV-infected persons. Decreases over time among patients who never received suppressive therapy were similar to decreases during untreated periods in patients who received suppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection continues to be a chronic remitting illness. Over time, however, clinically significant reductions occur in a majority of patients. Physicians may wish to periodically assess the need for continued treatment with daily suppressive antiviral chemotherapy.     

Rifaximin versus neomycin on hyperammoniemia in chronic portal systemic encephalopathy of cirrhotics. A double-blind, randomized trial.

Preliminary data suggest that rifaximin a new non-absorbable rifamycin-derivate, has beneficial effects on chronic portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE). To compare the efficacy and safety of rifaximin vs neomycin in the treatment of the hyperammoniemic state of PSE, 30 cirrhotic patients with grade I to III of PSE were randomly allocated to one of two groups: group A (15 patients) receiving rifaximin (400 mg/8h) and group B (15 patients) neomycin (1gr/8h). The duration of treatment was 21 consecutive days. Age, sex, hepatic and renal function, level of PSE, EEG and number connection test were similar in both groups. A significant decrease in blood ammonia levels was observed at the end of the treatment period in both groups; moreover rifaximin produced an earlier reduction of blood ammonia levels. The neuropsychic syndrome related to the PSE improved in both groups without significant difference. No side effects attributable to therapy were observed in the rifaximin group. These results indicate that, rifaximin is at least as effective as neomycin in the achievement and maintenance of low blood ammonia levels in cirrhotics with chronic PSE.     

Dietary restriction by bacterial deprivation increases life span in wild-derived nematodes

Dietary restriction is known to promote longevity in a variety of eukaryotic organisms. Most studies of dietary restriction have been performed on animals bred for many generations under conditions that differ substantially from their natural environment, raising the possibility that some apparent beneficial effects of dietary restriction are due to adaptation to laboratory conditions. To address this question in an invertebrate model, we determined the effect of dietary restriction by bacterial deprivation on life span in five different wild-derived Caenorhabditis elegans strains and two strains of the related species Caenorhabditis remanei. Longevity was enhanced in each of the wild-derived C. elegans strains, in most cases to a degree similar to that observed in N2, the standard laboratory strain. Both strains of C. remanei were substantially longer lived any of the C. elegans isolates, produced larger brood sizes, and retained the ability to produce offspring for a longer period of time. Dietary restriction failed to increase mean life span in one C. remanei isolate, but significantly increased the maximum life span of both C. remanei strains. Thus, we find no evidence that adaptation to laboratory conditions has significantly altered the aging process in C. elegans under either standard or food-restricted conditions.     

Comparative effects of captopril versus nifedipine on proteinuria and renal function of type 2 diabetic patients.

Our study compared the effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) versus a calcium antagonist (nifedipine) on proteinuria and renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy. A randomized follow-up study was designed. Type 2 diabetic patients, with established diabetic nephropathy (proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/24 h), were treated with nifedipine (10 patients, group A) or captopril (10 patients, group B) for 6 months. Arterial blood pressure, metabolic parameters, proteinuria and renal function were measured and compared. Mean percentage differences for glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and filtration fraction between the two groups were calculated. No significant differences were observed in serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c), Na+, K+ or albumin in either group or between groups. Blood pressure decreased significantly with both treatments and mean blood pressure was significantly lower in group A compared with group B at 6 months (Mann-Whitney U-test, P = 0.03). Proteinuria was similar in both groups at randomization, but after 3 and 6 months of treatment significant reductions were observed only in the group treated with captopril (P less than 0.01). A significant decrease in filtration fraction was observed in group B with an increase in group A (Mann-Whitney U-test, P = 0.03). Multiple regression analysis identified the therapeutic agent administered as an independent variable for decrease in proteinuria. It is concluded that antihypertensive treatment with captopril, but not with nifedipine, reduced proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy, although a better mean blood pressure was obtained with nifedipine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Fibrinolytic treatment of thrombus on prosthetic heart valves.

Fibrinolytic agents were administered for 13 episodes of thrombus formation on mitral or aortic valvar prostheses in 12 patients. The most common presenting features were pulmonary oedema (six cases) or arterial emboli (six cases). The diagnosis of thrombus formation was made by phonocardiography on the following criteria: (a) modifications of the prosthetic sounds (12 cases), (b) appearance of a valvar obstructive syndrome (10 cases). The treatment consisted of streptokinase (100 000 units/h after a loading dose, seven cases) or urokinase using either low doses (75 000 or 112 500 units/h, three cases) or moderate doses (150 000 units/h, three cases) for one to four days. Immediate complete regression of clinical and phonocardiographic anomalies was seen in eight cases. Incomplete improvement was seen in two patients, leading to operation: this was unsuccessful in one patient who had surgery on the third day, and was successful in the other on the 75th day. There were three failures leading to successful reoperative procedures in two patients and to an early death in the third patient suffering from acute myocardial infarction. One non-fatal haemopericardium was observed in a patient treated with streptokinase. No important side effect was noted during delivery in a pregnant woman. During subsequent follow-up, a recurrent episode of thrombus formation was observed in one patient, treated by fibrinolytic therapy with success. One patient had an operation for a valve replacement six months after fibrinolytic treatment because of non-thrombotic valvar dysfunction; the outcome was fatal. Six patients are alive and in good condition, with a follow-up of six months to five years.     

Chronic alcohol intoxication decreases the serum level of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic mice.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections with an unusual serological profile, viz. positivity of HBV-DNA in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), have been described in alcoholics. This atypical pattern could be due to a low circulating level of viral particles rendering HBsAg undetectable with commercial kits, whereas HBV-DNA remains positive using the highly sensitive hybridization technique. We hypothesize that the well-known alcohol-induced impairment of protein secretion could also concern HBsAg particles and leads to a decrease in serum levels of the HBs antigen. To verify this hypothesis, we used HBsAg-positive transgenic mice as an animal model. Twelve HBsAg+ mice were separated into two groups; one group (n = 6) was submitted to increasing alcoholisation over an 18-week period, while the other (n = 6) was water fed. Seven HBsAg- littermates acted as controls: three received the alcohol regimen and the remaining four water. Chronic excessive alcoholisation lead to a significant decrease in serum HBsAg concentrations, while there was no obvious change in liver S mRNA. Ultrastructural studies showed a significant decrease in the number of microtubules in the livers of alcohol-fed mice. Finally, immunohistochemical studies performed at the end of the experiment showed a greater accumulation of HBsAg in the livers of HBsAg+ alcohol-fed (mainly located in the centrilobular area) than in the HBsAg+ water-fed mice. Our results (i) validate our initial hypothesis that chronic alcohol abuse leads to a decrease in serum HBsAg concentrations. This could explain, in part at least, the serological dissociations which were observed. (ii) Confirm the utility of screening serum HBV-DNA in alcoholics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Glucose homeostasis. Comparison between hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Disturbance in blood glucose homeostasis during cardiac surgery may cause visceral and metabolic alterations. Hypothermic CPB induces glucose and hormonal changes. As normothermic CPB is used at some institutions, a comparison of blood glucose and plasma hormones between hypothermic and normothermic CPB was performed. DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized study. SETTING: University cardiac center. PATIENTS: Twenty-two nondiabetic adults undergoing elective coronary bypass and/or valvular surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Group 1 (n = 12) underwent hypothermic CPB (25 degrees C) and group 2 (n = 10) normothermic CPB (37 degrees C). In both groups nonpulsatile CPB was achieved with a membrane oxygenator and dextrose-free crystalloid priming. Dextrose was not administered during surgery but was infused postoperatively (125 mg/kg/h). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Eight blood samples were drawn during the period of arrival in the operating room (control) to the third postoperative hour. During hypothermic CPB in group 1, blood glucose level increased to 154 +/- 20 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) associated with a decrease in plasma insulin and an increase in epinephrine, despite a decrease in cortisol and growth hormone. During rewarming, the blood glucose value continued to increase (to 197 +/- 35 mg/dl) associated with an increase in glucagon, growth hormone and catecholamines, despite a 374 percent increase in insulin. During CPB in group 2, insulin, glucagon, cortisol and catecholamines were significantly higher than during hypothermic CPB so that the blood glucose level was not significantly different between the two groups during CPB. Blood glucose value was higher in group 1 than in group 2 at closure of the chest (208 +/- 30 vs 175 +/- 19 mg/dl, respectively, p less than 0.02) and at the third postoperative hour (271 +/- 30 vs 221 +/- 51 mg/dl, p less than 0.01). In both groups, however, the postoperative increase in blood glucose was accompanied by a similar increase in insulin, cortisol and catecholamines but glucagon was lower after hypothermic CPB. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycemia occurred perioperatively in cardiac surgery with dextrose-free priming both during hypothermic and normothermic CPB but normothermic CPB resulted in a slow and steady increase in both glucose and insulin concentrations without the major perturbations that occurred with hypothermic CPB. Postoperatively, higher blood glucose was observed in the hypothermic CPB group.     

苏木水提物对心脏异位移植大鼠血清IL-4和IL-10的影响

目的观察苏木水提物对心脏异位移植大鼠血清IL-4与IL-10水平的影响,探讨苏木水提物的免疫抑制作用。方法采用大鼠腹腔同种异位心脏移植术,受体来源于SD大鼠,供体Wistar大鼠。实验分为苏木水提物大、小剂量(生药37．5、25．0 g/kg)组,环孢素A(5．0 mg/kg)组,苏木(25．0 g/kg) 环孢素A(2．5 g/kg)组,对照组(移植心脏但不给药)。术前2 d给药,术后3、7 d采血测定血清IL-4、IL-10水平,取大鼠心脏观察移植心脏心肌病理变化。结果与对照组比较,大剂量苏木仅在术后3 d时,能减轻心脏的排斥反应(t=3．006,P＜0．01)。苏木 环孢素A合用,术后3 d和7 d时,都能降低心脏的排斥反应(t=3．009,P＜0．01：t=2．524．P＜0．05),同时血清IL-4低于对照组(t=2．192,P＜0．05；t=2．997,P＜0．01)。苏木大剂量组血清IL-4仅是在7 d时,较对照组降低(t=2．988,P＜0．05)。与对照组相比,环孢素A组和苏木小剂量组在术后7 d时,血清IL-10水平升高(t=2．198、t=2．173,P＜0．05),苏木大剂量组仅在术后3 d时IL-10升高(t=2．203,P＜0．05)；结论苏木水提物可降低心脏移植后血清IL-4水平,升高移植后血清IL-10的水平,有较强的免疫抑制作用．是一种很有前途的心脏移植后免疫抑制剂。