应用超细胆道镜经胆囊管治疗胆总管结石

目的探讨应用超细胆道镜经胆囊管治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效和价值。方法对我院2004年6月~2006年6月实施的49例经胆囊管治疗胆总管结石症临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中开腹经胆囊管胆总管探查术(open transcystic common bile duct exploration,OTCBDE)22例,腹腔镜经胆囊管胆道探查术(laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration,LTCBDE)27例。结果OTCBDE组:22例手术成功20例(占90.9%),平均手术时间为(76.8±26.8)min,术后平均住院日为(8.30±1.7)d,出现1例胆漏,无胆道残余结石发生。LTCBDE组:27例手术成功23例(占85.2%),平均手术时间为(136.3±38.9)min,术后平均住院日为(5.6±2.0)d,出现1例胆漏,无胆道残余结石发生。结论经胆囊管胆道探查治疗胆总管结石避免了切开胆总管和放置T管,具有很好的临床应用价值。     

胆总管结石的微创化治疗

胆总管结石(common bile duct stones,CBDS)是肝外胆道的常见疾病,依结石的产生原因不同,可分为原发性和继发性两种类型.目前较多的是胆囊切除术后的胆总管结石.既往手术是治疗胆总管结石的唯一方法,随着微创技术的发展,胆总管结石的治疗也进入微创时代,这得益于腹腔镜和内镜技术的发展,现就胆总管结石的微创治疗进行阐述.     

彻底切除胆总管囊肿壁的体会

近年来先天性胆管囊肿术后的远期并发症越来越引起人们的关注,包括有胆管炎,肝胆管狭窄,吻合口狭窄,肝管内结石,胰管结石,胰腺炎,胆总管远端憩室,以及残留囊肿壁恶变等。许多学者认为这些术后并发症与囊肿壁切除不彻底和初次手术中遗漏已经并存的病变有关。从1993年1月以来,我们采用彻底切除胆总管囊肿壁治疗38例病人,取得了良好的效果。手术方法1.囊肿切除:右上腹肋缘下切口,游离胆囊到胆总管与胆囊管交界处。置管于胆囊管中,行胆道造影,了解肝内胆管、肝总管、胆总管及胰管情况。然后向十二指肠方向切开囊肿表面的腹膜和纤维组织,用电刀及…     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的几个问题

我院自1997年7月至2003年9月，共实行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石、置T管术(laparoscoPic common bile duct exploration，LCDE)，术中或术后胆道镜取石治疗肝内外胆管结石265例，收到较好的效果。对胆总管的暴露、取石、T型管置入、缝合、二次或二次以上胆道手术后胆道结石腹腔镜手术治疗等几个问题有了一定认识，现报告如下。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术的临床应用

目的:总结腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)的临床价值及手术方法。方法:回顾分析2007年3月至2010年8月为85例胆管结石患者行LCBDE的临床资料。术中联合应用胆道镜、输尿管硬镜及气压弹道碎石设备、L形腹腔镜胆道取石钳取石。结果:85例手术均获成功。78例经胆总管探查取石;7例经胆囊管胆总管探查取石。73例使用L形腹腔镜胆道取石钳取结石;12例使用输尿管硬镜气压弹道碎石设备碎石;6例为肝内胆管结石。62例放置T管引流,23例一期缝合胆总管。结论:腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术微创、安全、有效。联合应用胆道镜、输尿管硬镜及气压弹道碎石设备、L形腹腔镜胆道取石钳操作简捷、有效。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术（附34例报告）

胆总管结石是我国常见胆道疾病,12％ ～ 21％的胆石症患者为胆囊结石合并胆管结石[1].随着微创外科的发展,腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE）已成为治疗胆总管结石的重要微创术式.结合2009年1月至2013年8月我院实施的34例LCBDE患者一期缝合的临床资料,进一步探讨LCBDE、胆总管一期缝合术的可行性.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术161例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜在胆总管探查、取石术中的应用价值。方法 2009年1月～2011年1月应用腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜行腹腔镜胆囊切除术、胆总管切开取石、T管引流术治疗161例胆管结石。结果 161例腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)均获成功,无中转开腹。术后3例发生胆漏,保守治疗4～6 d痊愈。术后住院7～12 d,平均9 d。术后6～8周拔除T管,4例胆管残余结石经T管窦道二期胆道镜取石成功。161随访1～17个月,平均6个月,B超或MRCP复查未发现肝外胆管狭窄,无黄疸、结石复发、胰腺炎等。结论腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管探查取石术安全、有效。     

术中三镜联合治疗胆囊结石伴胆总管结石的体会

随着腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜的完善和发展,三镜联合应用开创了胆道微创治疗的新途径[1].我院2008年4月至2009年12月对60例胆囊结石伴胆总管结石患者分别采用了术中三镜联合腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管探查取石一期缝合鼻胆管引流术(Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Exploration of the common bile duct Primary suture Nasobiliary drainage,LCEPN)和传统开腹胆囊切除胆总管探查T管引流术(Operation Cholecystectomy Exploration of the common bile duct T tube drain,OCET)治疗,现总结如下:     

LC+LCBDE术后胆管一期缝合治疗胆囊结石合并正常直径胆总管结石的临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗胆囊结石合并正常直径胆总管结石术后胆管一期缝合的可行性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析东南大学医学院附属江阴医...     

多镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜多镜联合在肝内外胆管结石治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年4月至2010年8月吉林大学白求恩第一医院收治的316例肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料.其中胆囊结石合并胆总管结石269例,胆囊结石合并胆总管结石伴肝内胆管结石10例,胆总管结石37例.对于胆总管直径≥10 mm或伴肝内胆管结石的患者行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)+胆道镜取石术;对于胆总管直径>5 mm且<10 mm、胆囊管直径<5 mm的患者行EST+LC或LC+EST;对于胆总管直径≤5 mm、胆囊管直径≥5 mm的患者行LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.结果 本组306例患者成功取石,取石成功率为96.8%(306/316).163例行LC+LCBDE+T管引流+胆道镜取石术,平均手术时间为93.6 min,平均住院时间为9.8 d,平均住院费用为2.8万元,5例患者术后出现并发症.54例患者行EST+LC,平均手术时间为45.0 min,平均住院时间为6.6 d,平均住院费用为2.3万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.67例患者行LC+EST,平均手术时间为40.0 min,平均住院时间为6.1 d,平均住院费用为2.4万元,2例患者术后出现并发症.32例患者行胆总管一期缝合及LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.平均手术时间为97.3 min,平均住院时间为7.3 d,平均住院费用2.5万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.272例患者术后平均随访12个月,6例患者术后胆总管结石复发,其余患者未发现残留结石及胆管狭窄.结论 腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜三镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石具有创伤小、恢复快及并发症少的优点.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.Methods The clinical data of 3 16 patients with intraand extrahepatic bile duct stone who were admitted to the Bethune First Hospital from April 2007 to August 2010were retrospectively analyzed.There were 269 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis,10 patients with cholesystolithiasis,choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiagis,and 37 patients with choledocholithiasis.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)+choledochoscopy was applied to patients with hepatolithiasis or with the diameter of common bile duct≥10 mm;endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)+LC or LC+EST was applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct between 10 mm and 5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct<5 mm;LC+laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration(TC-CBDE)+choledochoscopy wag applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct≤5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct≥5 mm.Results The success rate of operation was 96.8%(306/316).A total of 163 patients received LC +LCBDE+T-tube drainage+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 93.6 minutes,2.8×104 yuan and 9.8 days,respectively,and 5 patients had complications postoperatively.Fifty-four patients received EST+LC,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 45.0minutes,6.6 days,2.3×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.Sixty-seven patients received LC+EST,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 40.0minutes,6.1 days,2.4×104 yuan,respectively,and 2 patients had complication postoperatively.Thirty-two patients received one-stage repair of common bile duct and LC+TC-CBDE+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 97.3 minutes,7.3 days and 2.5×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.A total of 272 patients were followed up for 12 months,except for 6 patients with recurrence of common bile duct stone,no residual stone or biliary stricture was etected.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope has advantages of less trauma,quick ecovery and fewer complications in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.     

Double cancer of the gallbladder and common bile duct associated with an anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction without a choledochal cyst: Report of a case

We report herein the case of a 37-year-old woman found to have double cancer of the gallbladder and common bile duct associated with an anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction (APBDJ) without a choledochal cyst (CC). Abdominal ultrasonography showed an isoechoic mass in the gallbladder, and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tubography revealed incomplete obstruction in the upper portion of the common bile duct and APBDJ. The patient underwent cholecystectomy, partial hepatic resection, pancreatoduodenectomy, and portal vein reconstruction. Pathological examination of the tumors from the gallbladder and bile duct revealed papillary carcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, respectively, and direct continuity was not observed between the tumors. A review of the literature on six cases of multiple primary carcinoma of the biliary tract associated with APBDJ without CC is presented following this case report. Double cancer of the biliary tract was found synchronously in five patients and metachronously in one. Gallbladder cancer showed subserosal invasion in four patients, while bile duct cancer invaded the pancreas in one patient and reached the serosa in two patients. Considering the potential for cancer to arise in the biliary tract and the difficulties associated with monitoring it, cholecystectomy and resection of the extrahepatic common bile duct may be the most appropriate treatment for patients with an APBDJ without a CC.     

Double common bile duct: a case report and a review of the Japanese literature

BACKGROUND: A double common bile duct (DCBD) is a rare congenital anomaly. We report the case of a 60-year-old Japanese female, whose common bile duct divided into 2 channels and both channels opened individually into the second portion of the duodenum. This is the fourth reported case of DCBD with a choledochal cyst and pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). METHODS: A review of the literature revealed that DCBD is more frequently diagnosed in Oriental people. We reviewed 47 cases of DCBD reported in the Japanese literature. RESULTS: Among these, cholelithiasis was found in 27.7%, a choledochal cyst in 10.6%, PBM in 29.8%, and cancers in 25.5%. Cancer and PBM were the 2 most serious concomitant conditions. The incidence and type of complicating cancer and PBM varied according to the site of the opening of the accessory common bile duct (ACBD). Concomitant gastric cancer was frequently noted when the ACBD opened into the stomach, whereas cancer of the biliary system was common when the ACBD opened into the second portion of the duodenum or the pancreatic duct. PBM was observed only in those patients in whom the ACBD opened into the second portion of the duodenum or the pancreatic duct. Therefore the treatment and prognosis of DCBD is influenced by the site of opening of the ACBD. CONCLUSIONS: In DCBD, the opening site of the ACBD was considered to have close implications for the type of concomitant cancer and concomitant PBM that would appear.     

Double common bile duct with choledochal cyst and cholelithiasis: report of a case

Double common bile duct (DCBD) is a rare congenital anomaly of the biliary system, often associated with biliary lithiasis, choledochal cyst, pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), and upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies. We report a case of type I DCBD with choledochal cyst and cholelithiasis in a 52-year-old Chinese man. We also reviewed 24 cases of DCBD reported in the Chinese literature between 1965 and 2012. Most (58.3 %) of these cases were classified as type I DCBD, with accompanying choledocholithiasis in 79.2 %, cholecystolithiasis in 37.5 %, choledochal cyst in 33.3 %, and PBM in 8.3 %. There was no case of concomitant cancer. The type and coexistence of PBM with DCBD are clinically important because of its close implications with concomitant pathology. Most Chinese people with DCBD have type I. Moreover, the high incidences of choledochal cyst and biliary lithiasis and the extremely low incidences of PBM and biliary cancer are the major clinical characteristics of DCBD in China.     

腹腔镜胆道探查取石术应用体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆道探查取石术的可行性。方法回顾性分析38例腹腔镜胆道探查取石病人的临床资料,对手术适应证、手术方式及并发症的预防进行总结。结果38例病人中,胆总管结石36例,胆总管扩张未见结石2例。同时合并胆囊结石34例,合并有肝内胆管结石2例,合并肝囊肿2例。术前全部病人均行B超和MRCP检查。37例（97．4％）完成腹腔镜胆道探查取石术,1例因致密粘连中转开腹手术,36例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除,2例同时行肝囊肿开窗引流术。14例行胆总管一期缝合,24例行胆总管T管引流。手术时间为1～4h,平均1．5h。住院时间3～12d,平均5．5d。术后发生胆瘘2例,胆总管下端残余结石1例,胸腔积液1例。结论腹腔镜胆道探查术安全、微创、美观,可明显缩短住院时间,是一种可选择的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术前行MRCP对肝外胆道变异诊断的临床意义

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术前行MRCP检查对肝外胆道变异诊断的临床意义。方法:回顾分析为1 200例LC患者术前行MRCP检查的临床资料。结果:LC术前通过MRCP检查发现肝外胆道变异96例,其中胆囊管冗长且扭曲51例、胆囊管低位汇合23例、胆囊管汇合于右肝管8例、迷走胆管5例、副胆管4例、胆总管囊肿2例、双胆囊2例、肝内胆囊1例。手术证实89例与术前MRCP检查结果一致,存在胆道变异。结论:通过MRCP检查可全面了解胆树图像,LC术前便可发现各种胆道变异及胆道的复杂性,具有一定的导航作用,克服了以往术中经验性、探索性解剖Calot三角的缺点,明显减少了医源性胆道损伤的发生。     

管型消化道吻合器在胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术中的应用

目的总结管型消化道吻合器在胆管空肠吻合术中的应用经验。方法应用管型消化道吻合器行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术43例,包括胆总管结石合并胆总管下端炎性狭窄21例,肝内外胆管结石11例,胆总管下端癌1例,壶腹周围肿瘤7例,先天性胆总管扩张症2例,医源性胆总管损伤1例。结果本组手术时间平均75(60～90)min,胆肠吻合时间平均13(10～20)min,无吻合口瘘、胆道出血、胆肠吻合口狭窄等并发症,无围手术期死亡病例。结论应用管型消化道吻合器行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,安全可靠,缩短了手术时间,提高了手术效率及安全性。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术64例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合的可行性与适应证。方法回顾性分析行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合治疗胆总管结石64例临床资料,其中慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石伴胆总管结石54例,急性结石性胆囊炎伴胆总管结石4例,单纯性胆总管结石6例,合并胰腺炎6例。结果64例全部获得成功,无一例中转开腹。全组腹腔镜手术时间50~120 min,平均(68.5±15.6)min,取石时间10~65 min,平均(28.5±10.6)min,术中出血20~120 ml,平均(25.4±16.7)ml,肛门排气恢复时间6~52 h,平均(12.5±9.3)h。手术并发症发生率为7.8%(5/64):胆漏2例,腹腔引流管引出胆汁量20~80 ml/d,经充分引流后痊愈;切口感染2例,脐部切口疝1例,无腹腔内脏器损伤及大出血等严重并发症。住院时间6~18 d,平均(7.2±2.1)d。均获随访,时间3~12个月,平均(7.3±1.9)个月,经B超或MRCP检查均未见结石残留及胆管狭窄。结论只要掌握好适应证,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石是一种安全可行的手术方法。     

ERCP诊治成人原位肝移植术后胆道并发症的临床研究

目的 :回顾性分析和评价内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)在成人原位肝移植胆道并发症诊疗中的作用。方法:38例成人原位肝移植术后胆道并发症患者实施61次ERCP,根据ERCP结果实施内镜治疗。结果:60次ERCP成功,成功率为98.36%(60/61)。ERCP明确胆道并发症原因后实施内镜治疗。并发症发生的部位为:供体肝胆管、受体胆管、胆管吻合口及十二指肠乳头。其中单纯胆管炎性狭窄7例,胆管炎性狭窄伴肝内外胆管铸型、胆泥或胆石形成10例;单纯胆管吻合口狭窄3例,狭窄伴肝内外胆管铸型、胆泥或胆石形成2例;胆管吻合口瘘2例,供体胆管与受体胆管直径差异过大1例;受体胆管过长、扭曲3例,受体胆管轻度扩张1例;十二指肠乳头狭窄2例,Oddi括约肌功能失调3例;T管脱落1例;胆道出血1例;ERCP插管失败1例。该组供体肝胆管并发症发生率最高,为44.74%(17/38);其次为胆管吻合口并发症,为21.05%(8/38)。治疗方式:乳头括约肌切开(EST)24.59%(15/61),乳头柱状球囊扩张(EPBD)16.39%(10/61),EST+EPBD 13.12%(8/61),扩张器扩张胆管36.07%(22/61),鼻胆管引流(ENBD)52.46%(32/61),胆管支架引流(ERBD)32.79%(20/61),取胆管铸型、胆泥或结石19.67%(12/61),胆道冲洗24.59%(15/61)。结论:ERCP具有诊疗一体化优点,已成为成人原位肝移植术后胆道并发症微创治疗的主要方法和重要治疗手段。     

腹腔镜下胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术在胆系手术中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术在胆系疾病手术中的应用价值。方法2000年1月~2008年12月,对57例胆道疾病行此手术,包括胆总管结石伴胆总管下段严重狭窄12例,胆总管囊肿20例,胆总管炎性狭窄4例,医源性胆总管完全离断2例,上段胆管癌7例,中、下段胆管癌4例,胰头癌及壶腹癌6例,十二指肠乳头癌1例,胃癌术后腹腔转移1例。腹腔镜下切除胆囊,穿刺确认胆总管,切开胆总管约1.0 cm,置入胆道镜明确病变程度及范围,切除病灶。以腔镜直线切割缝合器离断空肠,将远端空肠与胆总管（肝总管）行端侧吻合,然后行空肠间吻合。结果57例均成功完成手术。手术时间115~230 min,（105.2±58.1）min。术中出血50~200 ml,中位数100 ml。术后住院时间4~6 d,平均5.5 d。良性疾病2例失访,36例随访5~94个月,平均49.1月,无结石复发及其他并发症。19例恶性肿瘤随访13个月~3年半,平均1.8年,16例存活1年以上,另3例于术后8、10、11个月因肿瘤死亡。结论腹腔镜下胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是胆道疾病需行手术治疗的可行术式,但术者需具有丰富的腹腔镜手术经验。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石技术在肝胆管结石中的应用体会

目的探讨一种新技术即用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石技术治疗肝胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年1月-2014年10月36例术中采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗肝胆管结石病患者的资料。结果胆总管结石肝总管结石一次性取净结石率100%（12/12）。二级以上肝胆管结石一次性取净结石率66.7%（24/36）。结石残余术后采用经T管瘘道输尿管镜＋气压弹道碎石取石12例,33.3%（12/36）。肝内结石碎石后结石下移,阻塞肝外胆管2例5.56%（2/36）,术中配合胆道镜网篮取石3例8.33%（3/36）,切口感染4例11.1%（4/36）,胆瘘、腹腔局限性腹膜炎2例5.56%（2/36）,无胆道狭窄、穿孔、出血。结论采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗肝胆管结石具有操作简单、取石快、残石率低、并发症少、费用低等优点,为临床提供了一种治疗肝胆结石的新方法,有推广应用价值。