树干毕赤酵母固定化细胞的酒精发酵

利用海藻酸铝酸胶包埋，将低浓度的树干毕赤酵母（Pichia stipitis)细胞固定，其凝胶粒直径约2－3mm，经增殖培养，使凝胶珠表面的细胞密集，极大地减少了传递阻力，有利于该酵母细胞的“半好气”酒精发酵，结果表明，固定化细胞戊糖，己糖同步酒精发酵糖液初始PH5．0－5．5较适宜；混合糖60g/L（50％葡萄糖、50％木糖）的固定化细胞酒精发酵，发酵前12h主要利用葡萄糖，12h以后木糖利用占主导地位，以低PH（2．8，2．4，2．0）无菌水处理酵母细胞海藻酸铝凝胶珠，2－3h后又恢复正常PH（5．0）。用PH2．8无菌水处理固定化细胞2－3h，细菌基本上被杀死，而酵母细胞功能不受影响，当PH2．4时，对酵母细胞影响较大，而PH2．0时，酵母细胞严重受损，大部分死亡。     

利用固定化酵母细胞生产ATP

利用明胶戊二醛制备的固定化啤酒酵母细胞,由腺苷酸(AMP)生产腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(ATP)。在含有15 mmol/L AMP,75 mmol/L葡萄糖,5mmol/L硫酸镁(MgSO_4·7 H_2O)的0.2 mol/L磷酸缓冲液(pH 7.0)中,在34℃振荡反应1h,ATP转化率可达100%,分批连续反应10次,ATP转化率保持在90%以上。     

酶法合成抗癌新药氟铁龙前体——5-FUR

筛选得到一株核苷磷酸化酶活力高的乙酰短杆菌,以该菌体为酶源酶法合成抗癌新氟铁龙前体5－氟尿苷,所用反应物为鸟苷和和5－氟尿嘧啶。在150mL的摇瓶装液15mL的条件下进行研究,结果显示：菌体添加量20－30g／L,底物浓度100mmol／L,磷酸盐浓度500mmol／L（pH8．0）,60℃,摇床转速160r/min,反应4h,5－氟尿苷的转化率可以达到60％以上。     

含DESs体系中固定化Kurthia gibsonii SC0312细胞催化1-苯基-1,2-乙二醇不对称氧化反应

在含深度共熔溶剂的非水相体系中,利用固定化Kurthia gibsonii SC0312细胞高效催化外消旋1-苯基-1,2-乙二醇(PED)不对称氧化以制备对映体纯的(S)-PED.在所考察的4种离子液体和2种深度共熔溶剂中,氯化胆碱/尿素([ChCl][U])对Kurthia gibsonii SC0312细胞表现出良好的生物相容性,能适当改变细胞膜的完整性,有效提高反应的催化效率.在[ChCl][U]体积分数为4%、缓冲液p H值为7. 5、反应温度为35℃、细胞质量浓度为60mg/m L、底物浓度为100mmol/L的条件下,反应初速度为8. 25mmol/(L·h),反应仅7 h产率及(S)-PED e. e.值即分别达49. 6%和99. 9%.     

高糖高胆固醇诱导EA.hy926细胞凋亡中对HSPD1基因表达的影响

用高糖（25mmol/L葡萄糖）和胆固醇（0.8, 1.6, 3.2mmol/L）处理EA.分析高糖高胆固醇诱导EA.hy926细胞凋亡中对HSPD1基因表达的影响,研究表明随胆固醇浓度的增加,EA.hy926细胞活性下降,呈浓度依赖性.0.8mmol/L胆固醇低糖培养液培养12h的细胞活性与正常对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）,而0.8mmol/L胆固醇高糖培养液培养12h的细胞活性与正常对照组（高糖培养液+0mmol/L胆固醇）具显著性差异(P<0.01).低糖或高糖培养液+0.8mmol/L胆固醇处理EA.hy926细胞不同时间后,细胞活性呈时间依赖性下调,48h后细胞大部分变圆,脱落.高糖高胆固醇处理的细胞大部分发生凋亡（50%）,HSPD1基因表达显著上调.     

麦芽根中5′-磷酸二酯酶的制备及性质

从麦芽根中提取5′－磷酸二酯酶，酶活可达474U／mL。将所得酶液用于水解酵母核糖核酸，得到5′－CMP、UMP、GMP、AMP4种单核苷酸。最佳反应条件为：底物RNA浓度为0.01g/mL，每毫升底物的酶用量为30U，酶解温度70℃，pH7.0，时间2h,5′－核苷酸转化率达80％。     

玻璃纤维素壳聚糖膜固定乙酰胆碱酯酶的研究

以玻璃纤维素壳聚糖膜为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,进行乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的固定,并对固定化酶的理化性质进行研究.结果表明,乙酰胆碱酯酶的较佳固定化条件为:150 U/mL AChE液50μL,体积分数为5%的戊二醛溶液50μL,质量分数为1%的BSA100μL,pH值为8.0的0.2 mol/L PBS缓冲液,配制成1 mL酶液,玻璃纤维素壳聚糖膜浸于此酶液4℃固定8 h.固定化酶的最适作用温度37℃,最适pH 8.0,能够重复利用4次以上,表明该固定化酶的稳定性较高.     

Burkholderic cepecia 1003产海因酶固定化条件

海因酶是利用海因酶法制备手性氨基酸的关键酶.采用Eupergit C、Eupergit C250L及其氨基化后的载体作为固定化介质,对酶液pH值、蛋白浓度、固定化时间以及EDC用量等参数对海因酶固定化过程的影响进行研究,并在实验范围内,得到了上述参数的最优值.研究表明,环氧基载体的最适固定化条件为：酶液pH值为7.0,酶液蛋白质量浓度为0.4mg/mL,固定化时间为20 h;氨基载体最适固定化条件为：酶液pH值为8.0,酶液蛋白质量浓度为0.4 mg/mL,固定化时间为10 h,EDC用量：Eupergit C（-NH2）为70μL,Eupergit C250L（-NH2）为120μL.其中以Eupergit C250L为固定化载体,海因酶的活性回收率可高达87%,且固定化酶的稳定性也较好,酶活半衰期长达2 500h左右,具有较好的稳定性.     

高纯二甲基二硫醚制备工艺研究与开发

阐述了以Na2S、硫磺（S）与（CH3）2SO4为原料,制取高纯二甲基二硫醚（DMDS）的工艺过程。通过试验优选出各步反应和单元操作的适宜工艺条件,由Na2S2与（CH3）2SO4合成DMDS的最优反应条件如下：Na2S2与（CH3）2SO4的物质的量比为1.2／反应温度为50－55℃,反应时间为2.0-2.5h,（CH3）2SO4的流量为30－35mL/min。DMDS的总收率达92％以上,产品的质量分数超过99.7％。     

雷斯青霉转化左旋乙基甾烯双酮15α-羟基化反应工艺研究

对雷斯青霉（Penicillium raistrickii）微生物转化左旋乙基甾烯双酮15α-羟基化反应的培养基组成和转化条件进行优化．结果表明：优化后最佳培养基组分为葡萄糖30g／L,玉米浆20g／L,NaNO3 2g／L,KH2PI4 1g／L,K2HPO4 2g／L,MgSO4 0．5g／L,FeSO4 0．02g／L,KCl 0．5g／L;最适转化条件为接种量10％,初始pH7．5,摇瓶装量50mL,转化温度28℃,投料量0．2％,投料时间30h,转化时间60h,底物添加方式为底物超声粉碎后加4％V醇和1．5％吐温80溶解．在此条件下。摇瓶转化率可达70％以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to