96例儿童分泌性中耳炎的手术治疗

目的探讨经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎患者外科手术干预的方式和效果。方法对96例(118耳)儿童分泌性中耳炎患者在内镜下行腺样体切除加鼓室置管术,部分合并扁桃体肥大的患儿行扁桃体切除术,术后随访半年以上并评价其治疗效果。结果 96例患儿中行鼓室置管术35例,腺样体切除加鼓室置管术49例,腺样体切除加扁桃体切除加鼓室置管术12例;术前平均听阈为(42±5)dB,术后1周为(34±4)dB,与术前比较具有统计学差异(t=12.12,P<0.05);术后1个月为(22±2)dB,与术前比较具有统计学差异(t=15.27,P<0.01);术后听力明显改善,鼻塞、夜间张口呼吸和打鼾症状明显缓解。结论对患有分泌性中耳炎的儿童进行个体化的手术治疗,腺样体切除加鼓室置管术是经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎的基本术式。     

耳内镜下鼓膜置管结合腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨耳内镜下鼓膜置管结合鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的手术方法 和应用价值.方法 对34例(62耳)合并腺样体肥大分泌性中耳炎的患儿在耳内镜指引下实施鼓膜置管同时经口鼻内镜下腺样体切除,术后所有病例随访15个月.结果 随访15个月发现34例(62耳)儿童分泌性中耳炎中32例(59耳)听力明显提高,2例(3耳)复发,纯音测听0.5、1.0、2.0kHz听阈平均值提高23.2dBHL.结论 耳内镜下鼓膜置管结合鼻内镜腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的方法 疗效显著,复发率低,可以减少二次手术的风险.耳内镜下完成鼓膜置管,具有视野清晰、操作简便、受外耳道条件影响小等优点,安全易行.     

内镜手术治疗腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的：探讨腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎的诊治方法和手术效果。方法：对37例患儿行内镜下腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术。结果：患儿术后听力均提高，拔管后随访13～17个月未见复发。结论：内镜下腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术对腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎有确切疗效。     

手术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

目的比较鼓膜置管术和腺样体切除同时鼓膜骨管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将83例（142耳）经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎患者，随机分为鼓膜置管组和腺样体切除同时鼓膜置管组，评价术后疗效。结果腺样体切除同时鼓膜置管术组有效率为96．43％，鼓膜置管术组有效率为84．48％，二组有效率比较有显著性差异（x^2=4．88，P〈0．05）.结论经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎，腺样体切除同时鼓膜置管术是较理想的治疗方法.     

鼻内镜下鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨鼻内镜下行鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效.方法分泌性中耳炎患者40例,随机分为A、B两组,每组20例,行鼓膜置管术.A组在鼻内镜下手术,B组在显微镜下手术.结果 A组手术均一次完成,无并发症.B组手术有2例小儿因外耳道非常狭窄,操作非常困难,改为鼻内镜下顺利完成手术,余18例手术均一次完成,无并发症.A组平均手术时间比B组短7分钟.随访6～12个月,A组复查17例(28耳),纯音测听气导平均听阈21.5 dB HL,平均降低26.3 dB,B组复查16例(26耳).纯音测听气导平均听阈23.7 dB HL,平均降低25 dB.结论 鼻内镜下完成鼓膜置管术,视野广、清晰、操作简便、安全易行.     

不同方法治疗儿童不同程度分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的 观察不同方法治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效.方法 26例(52耳)伴腺样体肥大的分泌性中耳炎患儿分为三组,第1组:7耳,单纯声导抗测试异常者,行腺样体刮除术;第2组:17耳,声导抗测试异常、轻度听力损失者,行腺样体刮除术+鼓膜切开术;第3组:28耳,声导抗测试异常、中度听力损失者,行腺样体刮除术+鼓膜置管术.记录各组手术前后的纯音听阈值,定期复诊、观察半年以上,将结果进行分析比较.结果 第2、3组术后3～5天、2～4周、3～6月与术前比较各频率气导听阈明显下降(P＜0.001).而第1组手术后3～5天、2～4周的平均听阈较术前明显下降(P＜0.05),术后3～6月与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对疗程长、听力下降明显的伴有腺样体肥大的分泌性中耳炎患儿以腺样体切除同时行鼓膜置管术为宜.     

骨导听阈提高的难治性分泌性中耳炎临床分析

目的探讨骨导听阈提高的难治性分泌性中耳炎病因、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析2001年3月～2011年3月期间收治的骨导听阈提高的难治性分泌性中耳炎患者96例（148耳）临床资料,并以是否伴有腺样体肥大、变应性鼻炎或乳突病变分为3组。结果所有患耳均行鼓膜切开置管术,同时A组患者42例（70耳）并行腺样体切除术;B组患者22例（32耳）术后给予口服抗组胺药物及鼻用激素治疗;C组患者32例（46耳）予乳突手术治疗。鼓膜置管术后所有患耳于术后6个月拔管,78例（125耳）患者骨导听阈恢复正常;16例（21耳）患者骨导言语频率平均提高约11~25dBHL;2例（2耳）患者骨导听力无明显改善。术后91耳声导抗图为A型;21耳为B型;36耳为C型。结论提示伴有腺样体肥大、变应性鼻炎或乳突病变之难治性分泌性中耳炎与患者骨导听阈提高相关联,通过手术联合药物治疗解除相关致病因素、可有效提高患者骨导听力水平,阻止病情进一步发展,临床疗效满意。     

腺样体刮除治疗分泌性中耳炎

在分泌性中耳炎的治疗中,鼓膜插管的办法至今仍被普遍采用。作者对31例双耳分泌性中耳炎患儿比较鼓膜插管与腺样体刮除及扁桃体摘除的疗效。全部患儿均行扁桃体摘除及腺样体刮除术,同时一耳行鼓膜插管、另一耳不插管。术后1～3个月随诊,听力测试结果发现:插管耳术前平均气骨导差29.2dB,术后气骨导差13.2dB;未插管耳术前平均气骨导差26.6dB,术后气骨导差14.4dB;术后平均听力提高分别为16dB和12.2dB,无显著意义(P>0.1)。回顾53例双耳分泌性中耳炎施行扁桃体摘除及腺样体刮除的患儿,病程均超过三个     

耳内镜下鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨同期耳内镜下鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效、听力变化、复发率及并发症等.方法 对80例(132耳)病史超过3个月,保守治疗无效的4～12岁儿童分泌性中耳炎患者分为两组,A组42例(72耳)采用在耳内镜下同期行鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗,B组38例(60耳)则仅在耳内镜下行鼓膜置管而不行腺样体切除术.结果 A、B组术后纯音听力均提高.A组术后中耳积液平均时间为(8.5±1.2)天,通气管脱落或取出后3个月分泌性中耳炎复发率为8.3%,并发中耳感染率为2.7%;B组积液时间为(10.3±1.4)天,分泌性中耳炎复发率为21.7%,中耳感染率为11,7%.结论 耳内镜下鼓膜置管术联合腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎可改善听力,能缩短中耳积液时间,减少复发率及继发中耳感染的发生率.对儿童分泌性中耳炎伴有腺样体肥大的患者施行鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术是最合理的治疗方法.     

鼓膜置管联合鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎临床分析

目的探讨鼓膜置管联合鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法选取2009年1月至2010年12月间在我院行鼓膜置管联合鼻内镜下腺样体切除手术的50例分泌性中耳炎儿童为研究组,将这期间在我院单纯行鼓膜置管术的35例分泌性中耳炎儿童做为对照组,比较两组在术后6月和1年时的相关症状、体征及相关检查,观察其转归。结果研究组中,87患耳在术后6月的检查发现85耳治愈,治愈率97.7%;术后1年检查未发现患耳,治愈率100%。对照组中,49患耳在术后6月检查发现3患耳未愈,治愈率为93.9%;术后1年的检查发现5患耳,其中4患耳为曾患病耳,1患耳为初次发病。两组在术后6月复查比较中,P>0.05,在术后1年的复查比较中,P值<0.05。结论鼓膜置管联合鼻内窥镜下腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎,效果明显,并发症少,不易复发,值得临床推广应用。     

双耳感音神经性聋患儿合并分泌性中耳炎的临床诊治

目的 探讨双耳感音神经性聋并发分泌性中耳炎患儿的症状特点, 为及时诊治此类患者提供临床依据。方法 收集经手术治疗的双耳感音神经性聋并发分泌性中耳炎患儿(A组)17例(34耳)的病历资料, 分析其误诊原因、临床特点及并发症发生率, 并与同期行手术治疗的单纯双耳单纯分泌性中耳炎患儿(B组)17例(34耳)进行鼓室粘连发生率的比较。手术前后应用听性脑干反应(ABR)检查随诊听力变化。结果 A组均以家属发现听力下降为首诊症状, 在当地首诊曾诊断为突发性聋7例, 耳闷塞感、耳鸣、耳痛等症状叙述不清, 均无法采集到确切的分泌性中耳炎发病时间;行双耳鼓膜置管时发现中耳粘连5例(7耳), 手术前后ABR检查Ⅴ波阈值改善0～30 dB nHL, 平均17.3 dB nHL, 手术前后Ⅴ波阈值改善, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。B组患儿无1例误诊, 首诊诉耳痛或耳鸣、耳闷塞感等耳部不适症状15例, 发病时间明确, 首诊诉听力下降2例, 鼓膜置管时中耳粘连1例(1耳)。A组并发症发生率高于B组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 双耳感音神经性聋并发分泌性中耳炎患儿临床病史采集困难, 易误诊, 临床并发症发生率高, 应及时干预;鼓膜置管对听力改善效果明显。     

The role of ventilation tube status in the hearing levels in children managed for bilateral persistent otitis media with effusion

The study determined the effects on hearing of the status of ventilation tubes, using a combination of otoscopy and tympanometry to determine function, in children managed for bilateral persistent otitis media with effusion (OME). The subjects were aged between 3.5 and 7 years and had a documented history of bilateral OME over a 12-week watchful waiting period associated with a hearing impairment in both ears of >or= 20 dB HL. The children reported are those randomized to the two surgical arms, both of which had bilateral myringotomy, aspiration of middle ear fluid and insertion of Shepard ventilation tubes. One arm furthermore received adenoidectomy. The data were analysed 'as treated' to document therapeutic progress. Tubes confirmed to be functioning on otoscopy and tympanometry only partially alleviate the conductive impairment associated with childhood OME (AC mean 12 dB HL, SD 4; ABG 13 dB, SD 7, 3 months post operation). Thus, children with a functioning ventilation tube cannot be considered to have 'normal' hearing. Once the tube has extruded, ears that no longer have OME still have a small conductive hearing impairment (at 12 months AC 14 dB HL, SD 6; ABG 16 dB, SD 9) but this improves with time. In children with bilateral tubes, both remain functioning for a median duration of 21 weeks (IQR 10-40) and at least one for a median of 40 weeks (IQR 24-61). Tube blockage significantly (P = 0.001) increases the risk of extrusion (84% versus 44%). When inserted in children between 3.5 and 7 years for OME, the otoscopic incidence of tube infection is low (1%).     

Disease severity in patients referred to pediatric otolaryngologists with a diagnosis of otitis media

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated disease severity of children referred to a pediatric otolaryngology practice with a diagnosis of otitis media (OM) before and after tympanostomy tube (TT) placement. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of patients referred to a pediatric otolaryngology practice from January 2000 to April 2004, with the chief complaint of middle ear effusion (MEE) and/or OM. Patients who underwent TT placement had pre- and post-operative hearing levels (HL) and bilaterality of disease analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 286 patients who underwent TT placement were included. Recurrent OM (ROM) was the most common diagnosis (42.6%), followed by OM with effusion (OME) plus ROM (ROM + OME) (31.7%) and then OME (25.7%) alone. The mean improvement in the pure tone average (PTA) hearing level was 14.8 dB in patients with OME, 9.5 dB in patients with ROM + OME and 6.3 dB in patients with ROM alone. The hearing improvements in OME and ROM + OME were statistically larger than the ROM group (P < or =0.0004). Hearing levels at 500, 1000, 2000 Hz and PTA showed statistically significant improvements in HL after tube placement in each group (P < 0.0001). Of the patients presenting with OME or ROM + OME, 70% had pre-operative findings demonstrating bilateral MEE. CONCLUSION: Most children referred for consideration of surgical management of OM have a diagnosis of ROM, or ROM in conjunction with OME, with only a small percentage having the diagnosis of OME alone. In addition, the majority of children have bilateral disease, suggesting a more severely affected patient population treated by the pediatric otolaryngologist. The results also demonstrate a significant improvement in hearing after the placement of TT. However, the long-term impact of this hearing improvement on a child's development is not known and an additional prospective study of children in this population group is warranted.     

Long-term effects of ventilation tubes for persistent otitis media with effusion in children

The otological, auditory and developmental effects of treatment with ventilation tubes were studied in a sample of 7–8-year-old Dutch children screened for otitis media with effusion (OME) serially at preschool age. Children treated with ventilation tubes were matched retrospectively for OME history, sex, and age with children who were not treated surgically. At the age of 7–8, abnormalities of the tympanic membrane were more prevalent in treated than in untreated ears. No significant differences were found in middle ear function and hearing in both groups. Some positive effects of early surgical intervention on specific developmental measures were found.     

The otological profile of a cohort of Dutch 7.5–8-year-olds

The otological characteristics of a birth cohort of 7.5–8-year-old Dutch children are reported. Questionnaire information was available for 1004 children, while otomicroscopic, tympanometric and pure-tone audiometric data were available for 946 children. Twenty-nine per cent of the children had been treated surgically for various ENT diseases. Fifty-five per cent of the children had normal tympanic membranes, 19% mild abnormalities, and 26% moderate to severe abnormalities. At this age the prevalence of bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME), as shown by a type B tympanogram was 2.5%, while that of unilateral OME was 7%. A pure-tone average hearing level of ≥ 15 dB in the better-hearing ear was found in 4% of the children. The presence of OME was associated with a mean hearing loss of 20 dB. This study shows that structural and functional middle-ear abnormalities are highly prevalent in Dutch school children.     

Sensorineural hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is known to occur in various types of otitis media. Although the mechanism by which SNHL develops in association with otitis media with effusion (OME) is unknown, several hypotheses have been advocated up to now. We reviewed the clinical records of children with otitis media with effusion (OME) to reveal the association with sensorineural hearing loss. The material consisted of 71 children (119 ears) who were diagnosed as having OME and gave reliable audiograms in our clinic during an 11 month period from February 1997 through January 1998. From these cases those which showed bone conduction loss of 25 dB or higher at any one of the frequencies of 250 through 4 kHz were selected and considered to be cases of SNHL. Eight cases (9%) which had temporary threshold shift (TTS) or permanent threshold shift (PTS) were considered to be etiologically related to OME. The clinical course in each of these cases with SNHL was reviewed and evaluated in detail. We noted that all children with TTS improved completely. The result of this study indicates that we have to be aware of a possible development of SNHL during the course of OME.     

Ossicular Reconstruction with Sheehy PORP

Objective To report tympanoplasty cases completed with Sheehy Partial Ossicular Replacement Prostheses (PORP). Methods Seventy eight (83 ears) of 89 cases who received Sheehy PORP for ossicular chain reconstructionwere reviewed. These cases were followed for more than 6 months (mean: 21.3 months). The pre-and post-operative average air conduction thresholds and Air-Bone Gap (ABG) at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz were compared. Results All 83 ears showed uneventful healing at 1 month postoperatively. PORPs in 2 ears without cartilage reinforcement were found dislocated at 3 months. Preoperative hearing thresholds were from 35.75 to 68.5 dB HL (mean: 59.13±15.23 dB HL). Postoperative mean hearing threshold improved to 32.23±13.21 dB HL (P < 0.01). Mean air-bone gap (ABG) improved from 36.95±12.19 dB preoperatively to 21.71±12.05 dB after surgery (P < 0.01). In 68 ears (81.9%), postoperative ABGs were either ≤ 20 dB or improved by 15 dB or more compared to before surgery (defined as satisfactory). Conclusion PORP as a ossicular reconstruction material appears to provide satisfactory results. Attention should be paid to avoid of postoperative dislocation. Long-term outcomes remain to be assessed.     

胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎Ⅰ期鼓室成形术的疗效观察

目的：探讨胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎Ⅰ期鼓室成形术的可行性及疗效影响因素。方法：52例(52耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎(胆脂瘤型30耳，骨疡型22耳)患者在清除病变的同时行鼓室成形术，其中单纯鼓室成形术12耳，乳突根治加鼓室成形术40耳。结果：全部病例均干耳，无一例胆脂瘤复发。语频段听力提高30dB以上者5耳，提高20～29dB者9耳，提高10～19dB者31耳，小于10dB者7耳，无听力下降者。结论：胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎可行Ⅰ期鼓室成形术，鼓膜有效振动面积、镫骨及镫骨底板的活动度是影响听力的重要因素，咽鼓管功能不良是手术失败的主要原因。     

腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎鼓室置管术疗效分析

目的　观察鼓室置管术在治疗腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎听力损失的疗效 ,探讨中耳通气管的选择、手术适应证及注意事项。方法　双耳伴发分泌性中耳炎伴听力损失的住院腭裂患儿 19例 ,平均年龄 5 8岁 ,平均气导语频听阈较大的一侧耳在腭裂修复术同期行鼓室置管术 ,对侧未置管耳作为对照组 ,术后 2周至 18个月复查 ,比较置管组及对照组腭裂术前、术后听阈的变化情况。结果置管组耳术后平均气导语频听阈 (2 7 0± 6 5 )dB较术前 (42 7± 8 2 )dB显著降低 ,而对照组耳术前(2 9 0± 6 1)dB、术后 (2 7 0± 4 1)dB听阈差异无显著性。置管组未见严重耳科并发症。结论　腭裂修复术同期鼓室置管术安全、有效 ,可恢复患者听力 ,有利于腭裂术后语音学习。