水溶性环氧树脂的氧化锆陶瓷凝胶注模成型

用分散剂聚丙烯酸铵(NH4PAA)和海因环氧树脂与ZrO_2粉末以及去离子水混合成ZrO_2陶瓷浆料,采用凝胶注模法制备ZrO_2陶瓷坯体,在1 500℃无压烧结后获得ZrO_2陶瓷材料,研究浆料的流变性能,并分析分散剂加入量、固相含量和烧结温度对凝胶注模ZrO_2陶瓷生坯和烧结体组织与性能的影响。结果表明,当分散剂(NH4PAA)和海因环氧树脂的添加量(均为质量分数)分别为0.8%和8%,固相ZrO_2的体积分数为50%时,获得黏度为0.46 Pa/s的适合浇注的ZrO_2陶瓷浆料,所得的陶瓷生坯表面光洁、不起皮、不开裂,强度达61.05 MPa,经过1 500℃烧结后的ZrO_2陶瓷抗弯强度为672.52MPa,相对密度达98.26%,其结构均匀、致密性好,以四方相t-ZrO_2为主。     

熔渗用多孔钼骨架制备工艺研究

采用2种不同粒度的钼粉,在其中添加不同比例的添加剂,经压制烧结,制备了孔隙率在10%～50%的熔渗钼铜合金用多孔钼骨架。通过SEM对多孔钼骨架的微观形貌进行了观察,并研究了制备及烧结过程中粉末粒度、添加剂含量、压坯致密度及烧结温度对钼骨架孔致密化及孔隙形貌的影响。     

烧结工艺对CuSn10含油轴承组织与性能的影响

研究了不同H2含量的H2+Ar烧结保护气氛和烧结时间对CuSn10含油轴承材料显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在720℃×90 min的烧结条件下,烧结气氛为100%Ar时,粉末颗粒表面氧化严重,烧结组织中存在大量形状不规则的孔隙,并且孔隙尺寸较大,烧结试样的含油率高而含油密度、径向压溃强度、硬度均较低,磨损量高;随着烧结气氛中H2含量的增加,粉末颗粒表面氧化物被还原,孔隙数量减少,孔隙形状趋近于球形并细化,烧结试样的含油率降低而含油密度、径向压溃强度、硬度均提高,磨损量则先减小后增大。在50%H2+50%Ar(体积分数)保护气氛下720℃烧结30 min时,不规则孔隙形状趋近球形,但孔分布不均匀且尺寸较大;延长烧结时间至60 min和90 min,孔隙细化;但进一步增加烧结时间至120 min时,孔隙数量与形态并未产生明显变化;烧结试样的含油密度、力学性能和磨损量均随烧结时间的延长而提高。     

ZrO_2(3Y)及CeO_2对细晶WC-6%Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响

采用费氏粒度分别为2.5μm和1.0μm的WC粉和Co粉为原料粉末,以ZrO_2(3Y)、CeO_2为添加剂,制备WC-6%Co硬质合金试样,研究了不同添加剂对WC-6%Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,ZrO_2(3Y)呈球形弥散分布于粘结相中,提高了硬质合金的抗弯强度,但对WC晶粒度无明显影响;CeO_2能细化WC晶粒,减小硬质合金的孔隙,使硬质合金组织分布均匀,抗弯强度提高。     

冷等静压-烧结法制备ITO磁控溅射靶材的工艺研究

采用冷等静压-烧结法制备了ITO磁控溅射靶材。该工艺用化学沉淀法制备ITO复合粉末,通过冷等静压(CIP)进行粉末压制,压坯的相对密度约为60%,将此压坯在1600℃下烧结6h,可得到相对密度>90%的ITO靶材。同时还通过实验考察了粉末粒度、烧结温度、烧结时间对靶材密度的影响,并对ITO靶材的烧结过程和烧结气氛进行了讨论。     

装粉方式对钛粉压制成形影响的数值模拟

用MSC.Marc软件模拟了在3种不同装粉方式下钛粉压制成形过程中粉末的流动情况以及压坯的密度分布规律。研究结果表明:装粉方式对粉末压制过程及压坯密度具有较大的影响,与平式装粉方式相比,采用凸式装粉,试样的烧结坯密度提高6％,孔隙分布的均匀性得到相应的改善。     

化学镀法制备超细Ag-SnO2粉末的烧结

采用在1μm粒径的超细SnO2粉末化学镀银的方法,制备了超细Ag-SnO2复合粉末.通过压制成形、烧结等粉末冶金工艺,对粉末进行烧结试验,结果发现试样表面存在鼓泡现象.文章分析了鼓泡的成因,并采用降低成形压力及粉末煅烧处理等手段消除鼓泡现象.热重分析结果及烧结后的金相组织分析结果表明较低的成形压力可以改善鼓泡现象,但要从根本上消除鼓泡现象则必须对粉末进行高于450℃的煅烧处理.所得Ag-SnO2材料中SnO2颗粒分布均匀,电阻率、密度、硬度分别为2.25μΩcm、9.85 gcm-3和98 HB.     

热压烧结法制备W-15Cu复合材料的组织结构研究

将W-15%Cu(质量分数)混合粉末在行星式高能球磨机中球磨,分别采用热压烧结和无压烧结对球磨60h的复合粉末进行烧结。采用XRD对经不同球磨时间后的复合粉末进行物相分析;采用XRD和SEM对烧结后的钨铜复合材料进行物相和形貌分析。结果表明:球磨时间越长,铜在钨中的固溶度越大;相对于无压烧结,采用热压烧结制备的钨铜复合材料孔隙度较小,均匀度较高,相对密度高达98.84%;钨铜复合材料内部存在因铜的挥发和生坯密度分布不均匀造成的烧结体组织分布不均匀。     

Cu的添加方式对铁基预合金粉末与烧结体组织及性能的影响

采用扩散法制备Fe-4Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu预合金粉末,分别采用添加常规铜粉和改性超细铜粉的方式添加合金元素Cu。对制备的粉末进行压制与烧结,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)分析粉末与烧结体的组织与形貌,研究Cu元素的添加方式对Fe-4Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu预合金粉末及其烧结体组织和性能的影响。结果表明,预合金粉末中合金元素的分布状况影响烧结体的组织分布,进而影响烧结体的力学性能。以添加改性超细铜粉的方式加入合金元素铜时,预合金粉末中的铜元素分布均匀,压坯密度略有减小,但烧结体强度显著提高,抗拉强度和冲击能分别达到683.5 MPa和24.5 J,接近国外同类产品性能。     

Fe-Cu-Mn-C合金的性能与烧结行为

以FeMn合金粉末的形式在铁基合金粉末中添加Mn元素,退火后得到Fe-Cu-Mn部分预合金粉末,采用模壁润滑温压工艺制备Fe-Cu-Mn-C合金,通过对合金密度与硬度的测定以及形貌观察,研究Fe-Cu-Mn-C粉末的压制与烧结行为,以及Mn含量对合金密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明,通过退火处理实现部分预合金扩散而得到的Fe-Cu-Mn粉末具有很好的压制性能,Fe-2Cu-0.5Mn-0.9C压坯密度达到7.37 g/cm3,烧结密度为7.33 g/cm3;添加适量Mn能有效提升铁基合金的力学性能,其中Fe-2Cu-0.5Mn-0.9C合金的性能最佳,抗拉强度达到715 MPa;随Mn含量增加,合金的孔隙增多、密度下降,导致强度和硬度下降。合金的局部氧化对性能产生一定的负面影响。Mn含量对合金组织影响不大,Fe-2Cu-Mn-0.9C合金呈现混合显微组织,由铁素体、珠光体和少量贝氏体构成。Mn的蒸发与凝聚是Fe-Cu-Mn-C的烧结机制。     

超细陶瓷粉体表面的乳液聚合改性

将超细ZrO2陶瓷粉体加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和苯乙烯(ST)的聚合物乳液中，制备了聚合物包覆的陶瓷粉体。用漫反射红外光谱(FT—IR)表征了聚合物的生成，用核磁共振谱(^1H—NMR)分析了聚合物分子的构型大部分为间同构型。透射电镜照片(TEM)表明分散良好的粉体表面均匀的包覆了一层聚合物。用粒度分析仪测定了聚合改性后粉体的粒径分布。用压汞法测定了离心成形坯体的孔隙率，曲线呈窄的单峰分布，证明了粉体无团聚。经聚合物包覆的陶瓷粉体用于注射成形，制备了均匀的、流动性好的陶瓷注射料。     

两种3D打印用雾化Ti-6Al-4V粉末的对比研究

本研究分别利用水冷铜坩埚真空感应熔炼气雾化(VIGA-CC)和等离子旋转电极(PREP)两种技术制备出球形Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末,作者利用SEM、同步辐射CT扫描-三维重建和氩气含量测试等分析手段对不同粒径的Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末的孔洞缺陷和氩气含量、硬度值进行了表征。实验结果表明, VIGA-CC粉末粒度分布宽,细粉收得率较多,粉末粒度分布在40~180 μm之间, PREP粉末的粒度分布较窄,主要集中在110~180 μm之间；金属粉末内部的孔隙率、气体含量和孔尺寸随着粉末粒度的增大而增大,且同一粒径范围内VIGA-CC粉末的气孔概率多于PREP粉末；随着粉末粒径减小,粉末截面组织逐渐细化,其硬度值逐渐升高,整体上VIGA-CC粉末硬度值高于PREP粉末。     

Synthesis of Polycrystalline Nd∶YAG Nanopowders Used for Sintering Transparent Ceramics via Gel Combustion

Polycrystalline nano-sized neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd∶Y3Al5O12, Nd∶YAG) powders were synthesized via a gel combustion method using nitrates and citric acid as starting materials. The evolution of phase composition and micro-structure of the powders were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Well-crystallized Nd∶YAG nano-sized powders could be obtained at 950 ℃ for 2 h. The resultant powders are well dispersed, have a relatively narrow size distribution with an average particle size of approximately 50 nm, and show excellent sinterability. These powders can be densified to 99.2% of the theoretical density by HP sintering at 1700 ℃ for 3 h under 20 MPa nitrogen pressure.     

Gel-Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Cerium Oxide and Its Powder Characteristics

Nanocrystalline ceria powders were prepared by using citrate gel combustion. The influence of the composition of the combustion mixture on the characteristics of the final product was investigated. Ceria powders obtained by calcining the combustion residue in air at 1073 K were characterized for their specific surface area (SSA), X-ray crystallite size (XCS), bulk density (BD), particle size distribution (PSD) and residual carbon. The dependence of these properties on the fuel to oxidant ratio (R) of the initial mixture was investigated. The microstructure of the calcined ceria powders prepared from a mixture with R = 0.25 was investigated by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. All the calcined powders were pelletised and sintered at 1473, 1673 and 1873 K, and their sinterability was compared by measuring the density of the sintered pellets. A maximum sintered density of 98 % theoretical density could be achieved at a temperature as low as 1473 K for the first time for the powder prepared from a mixture with R = 0.75. The systematic dependence of the properties of these powders on the composition of the initial mixture is being reported for the first time. Powders obtained from a mixture with an R value 0.25 showed a linear increase in sintered densities with the sintering temperature. Other powders exhibited anomalous decrease in the sintered density at high temperature, probably due to irregular grain growth coarsening.     

Effects of Synthetic Parameters in Pechini Method on the Formation and Properties of （ZrO2） 0. 92 （ Sc2O3 ） 0.08 Solid Solution

Homogeneous (ZrO2)0.92 (Sc2O3)0.08 solid solution in fluorite cubic structure was prepared from the gels with altered molar ratios of citric acid (CA) to metal ions (M) and ethylene glycol (EG) via a polymerization route (Pechini method). Due to the enhanced chemical homogeneity (high level of mixing of metal ions and ligands) in the polymeric gels, Sc-doped zirconia can be crystallized at temperatures as low as 400 ~C. During the evolution from amorphous gel to the crystallized (ZRO2)0.92 (Sc203)0.08 fine powder, the bonding nature between carboxylate groups and Zr/Sc cations changed: unidentate→bridging→ionic upon calcination. The molar ratios of CA/M (1～4) and CA/EG (0.2～4) were demonstrated to affect the thermal behavior of the gels and thus the particle properties of the derived nanoparticulate oxide powders (including particle size and surface area). The as-sintered sample compacted from the nanosized powders prepared by calcining the gel with the highest content of organics (CA/M =4and CA/EG=0.2) exhibited the best sinterability and the highest oxide ion conductivity.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9) nanopowders using an acrylamide polymerization process

Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC) nanopowders were synthesized by an acrylamide polymerization process.The XRD results showed that SDC powders prepared at 700 °C possessed a cubic fluorite structure.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) indicated that the particle sizes of powders were in the range of 10-15 nm.A 98.3% of theoretical density was obtained when the SDC pellets were sintered at 1350 °C for 5 h,indicating that the powders had good sinterability.The conductivity of the sintered SDC ceramics was 0.019 S/cm at 600 °C and the activation energy was only 0.697 eV.Furthermore,a unit cell was fabricated from the powders and the maximum power density of 0.169 W/cm2 was achieved at 700 °C with humidified hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant.     

Properties of R6M5 steel powders of various particle sizes and the structure of the steel in the sintered condition

Conclusions An investigation was carried out into the effect of particle size of powders produced by comminution of R6M5 high-speed steel waste (swarf) on their compressibility and sinterability. It is shown that with decreasing mean particle size the compressibility of such powders deteriorates, but their sinterability improves. The finer the steel powder, the lower is the sintering temperature necessary for the attainment of a given density. Varying the powder particles size brings about marked changes in the microstructure of the steel in the sintered condition. The liquid phase (ledeburitic eutectic) appearing during the sintering of steel powders of different particle sizes varies in form and distribution. With coarse powders (d_m=100 m) the eutectic is similar to that in cast steel, but with powders of small particle size (d_m=22 m) it is finer and evenly distributed throughout the structure in the form of thin lamellae.A 0.85%C-6% W-5% Mo-4% Cr-2% V (nominal composition) high-speed steel — Translator.The authors wish to thank A. N. Nikolaev of the Gorkii Polytechnic Institute for helpful discussion in the experimental part of the work.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 6(234), pp. 9–15, June, 1982.     

Permeability of porous materials from refractory compounds

Summary A study was made of porous materials from spheroidized powders of refractory compounds. A relationship is established linking permeability with porosity and the particle size of the powder from which the materials were prepared. An empirical formula is proposed for determining the dependence of the coefficient of permeability on powder particle size and component porosity under linear filtration conditions. The integral and differential pore radius distribution curves obtained show that such materials are relatively homoporous and exhibit little scatter in pore radius size.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 1(49), pp. 27–30, January, 1967.     

包覆-热分解碳酸银前驱体制备球形银粉的研究

以碳酸铵为沉淀剂、硝酸银溶液为原料, 利用化学沉淀法制备得到碳酸银前驱体, 通过并流沉淀法包覆改性碳酸银前驱体, 并经热分解得到单分散的球形银粉。通过X射线衍射分析(X-raydiffraction, XRD)、粒度分布统计(particlesize distribution, PSD)、振实密度测量和扫描电子显微检查(scanning electron microscopy, SEM) 等表征手段研究了热分解银粉的结晶度、纯度、分散性、填充性及微观形貌; 讨论了硝酸银溶液浓度和甲醇添加对碳酸银前驱体颗粒分散性和粒径的影响, 并分析了碳酸镁与碳酸银包覆比例(摩尔比) 对银粉分散性的影响。结果显示, 使用包覆-热分解方法可以制备得到单分散的球形银粉, 该方法具有设备简单、投资少、产品分散性好且粒度分布集中的优点; 当硝酸银溶液浓度为0.2~0.5 mol/L时, 可以得到粒径为0.5~2.5μm的球形银粉; 碳酸银分散性可通过添加甲醇进行调整, 甲醇含量(甲醇在硝酸银溶液中的体积分数) 应控制在5%~10%;当硝酸银溶液浓度为0.5 mol/L、甲醇体积分数为5%时, 碳酸镁与碳酸银摩尔比2:1制备得到的球形银粉分散性最佳。     

Synthesis of monodispersed nanometer-sized YAG powders by a modified coprecipitation method

Nanometer-sized yttrium aluminum garnet （YAG） powders were synthesized by using the coprecipitation method with ammo- nium hydrogen carbonate as a precipitant. The results indicated that an extremely loose YAG precursor was obtained when iodine was intro- duced in the coprecipitation process on the condition that the initial concentrations of Y^3＋ and Al^3＋ in the solution were set at 0.018 and 0.03 mol/L, respectively, and pH=8. Consequently, the resulting YAG powders after calcination at 1173 K for 2 h were composed of monodispersed particles with an average grain size of 30 nm and better sinterability. The present results indicated that the modified coprecipitation method, with iodine as an additive, was superior to the conventional coprecipitation method, to synthesize ultrafine YAG powders.