高效液相色谱法测定母乳中唾液酸含量

建立荧光高效液相色谱(fluorescence detector-high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC-FLD)测定母乳中唾液酸N-乙酰神经氨酸(N-acetylneuraminic acid,Neu5Ac)和N-羟乙酰神经氨酸(N-glycolyl neuraminic acid,Neu5Gc)含量的分析方法。利用酸水解法释放出母乳中的唾液酸,以4,5-亚甲二氧基-1,2-邻苯二胺盐(4,5-methylenedioxy-1,2-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride,DMB)为衍生化试剂,50℃避光衍生150min,采用荧光高效液相色谱仪检测。色谱条件：LiChrosorb RP-18柱(250mm×4mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-超纯水(7:8:85),流速0.9mL/min,进样体积10μL,柱温30℃,荧光检测器激发波长373nm,发射波长448nm。结果表明：唾液酸在50～400μmol/L范围内与唾液酸峰面积的线性关系良好,平均回收率为94.0%,精密度的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.4%,稳定性RSD为1.0%,重复性RSD为0.8%,Neu5Ac的最低检出限为0.02μmol/L,Neu5Gc的最低检出限位0.03μmol/L。该方法简单、重复性好、灵敏度高,可广泛用于奶粉、牛奶及母乳中唾液酸含量测定。     

HPLC法测定牛奶中游离唾液酸和与低聚糖结合的唾液酸含量

利用酸水解法把牛奶中的唾液酸释放出来,以邻苯二氨盐酸盐(10mg/ml)为衍生化试剂,在80℃水浴锅中衍生40min.采用Symmetry C18柱(250mm×4.6mm, 5μm),流动相为1.0%的四氢呋喃水溶液(含0.2%磷酸)-乙腈 (92:8);流速为1.0ml/min,柱温35℃,紫外检测波长为230nm.结果表明,唾液酸在10～32 0μg/ml范围内线性良好,平均回收率为95.7%.本方法具有灵敏度高,重复性好等特点,可准确测定牛奶中游离的唾液酸和与低聚糖结合的唾液酸含量.     

牛奶中唾液酸含量的动态变化规律研究

探讨牛奶中唾液酸含量的动态变化规律.利用酸水解法把牛奶中的唾液酸释放出来,以邻苯二氨盐酸盐为衍生化试剂,80 ℃水浴锅中衍生40 min,采用Symmetry C18柱(250 minx4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为1.0%的四氢呋喃水溶液(合0.2%磷酸)-乙腈(92∶8),流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃,紫外检测波长230 nm.结果表明唾液酸在10～320 μg/mL范围内线性良好,平均回收率为96.5%.试验也表明了初乳中的唾液酸含量是最高的,并且随着泌乳期牛奶中的唾液酸含量是迅速下降的.     

微生物来源的唾液酸转移酶研究进展

唾液酸转移酶属糖基转移酶家族,以唾液酸胞苷单磷酸酯(CMP-Neu5Ac)为供体底物,催化唾液酸转移至糖蛋白与糖脂末端,是合成唾液酸化寡糖途径中所必需的酶类。微生物来源的唾液酸转移酶具有较广泛的底物特异性,且容易在常见的原核生物表达系统中过量表达,对酶学特性的研究及丰富唾液酸寡糖种类具有重要意义。本文综述了唾液酸转移酶的分类与微生物来源、晶体结构、催化反应机理、酶学性质、异源表达以及在唾液酸寡糖合成中的应用,并对唾液酸转移酶的未来发展方向进行了展望,以扩展这些酶在糖化学和糖生物学中的应用。     

聚唾液酸的水解与唾液酸的纯化

在HPLC分析唾液酸质量分数的基础上,选择盐酸作为大肠杆菌发酵液中聚唾液酸的水解用酸.在85℃水浴.盐酸浓度为0.1mol/L的条件下,水解2h,水解率平均可达95%以上.水解液中和过滤后,用离子交换色谱分离与冷冻干燥得到唾液酸产品.质谱及HPLC分析证实所得产品中主要成分是N 乙酰神经氨酸,其纯度达96.4%.     

液相色谱法测定鹿茸中唾液酸含量

建立阳离子交换- 液相色谱测定鹿茸中唾液酸含量的方法。确定用盐酸对试样进行水解处理。色谱条件：色谱柱为Zorbax 300-SCX 阳离子交换柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1% 磷酸水溶液(90:10,V/V),流速1.0mL/min,进样量10.0μL,紫外检测波长205nm。结果表明,鹿茸中的唾液酸质量浓度在5～100μg/mL 范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,最低检测限浓度(RSN = 3)为0.60μg/mL,方法检出限为0.03g/kg,平均加样回收率为83.4%,RSD 为4.9%(n=6)。此法适用于鹿茸及相关产品中唾液酸含量的检测。     

燕窝的精华——唾液酸

正1唾液酸简介唾液酸(Sialic Acid)广义地说是一系列含有氨基的九碳单糖衍生物,是所有神经氨酸及其衍生物的总称。但在人体当中只有一种,即N-乙酰神经氨酸(N-acetylneuraminic acid,Neu5Ac),它就是众所周知,大名鼎鼎的"燕窝酸"。因此,对我们人类来说,唾液酸就是特指"N-乙酰神经氨酸"。它最初由牛颌下腺粘蛋白中分离而出,也因此而得名唾液酸。唾液酸通常以低聚糖,糖脂或者糖蛋白的形式存在,主要以短链残基的形式     

不同加工工艺对燕窝产品唾液酸含量的影响

本文以毛燕为原料,研究浸泡、挑拣、高温灭菌等工艺流程处理后燕窝唾液酸含量的变化。采用LC-MS/MS检测分析燕窝中唾液酸种类,此外,测定了不同加工条件下燕窝产品唾液酸含量并分析加工条件对唾液酸含量的影响,进一步分析了唾液酸热稳定性。结果表明:燕窝中唾液酸仅由N-乙酰基神经氨酸(Neu5Ac)组成,经不同工艺条件处理后,Neu5Ac保留率均可高达95%以上,且Neu5Ac热稳定性好,不同情况下Neu5Ac含量无明显差异。说明燕窝经过上述加工处理后不会造成燕窝酸的大量流失,并且其受工艺条件变化影响小,燕窝加工产品可以很好地保存燕窝的营养价值,从而稳定发挥其营养功效,具有很高的消费价值。     

聚唾液酸分离纯化过程中脱除蛋白质工艺的研究

应用不可逆变性后的蛋白溶解力与聚唾液酸溶解力的显著差异来脱除聚唾液酸发酵液中蛋白质。通过实验优化了乙醇分步沉淀法和乙醇沉淀-过滤法脱除蛋白质的工艺操作参数。得到有效脱除聚唾液酸中蛋白质的工艺条件为:在经离心去除菌体的上清液中加入乙醇至体积百分数为75%,室温下放置沉降后,除去上层清液,加入15g/L硅藻土过滤,加去离子水使滤饼中聚唾液酸溶解,再次过滤,收集滤液。得到聚唾液酸回收率为94·5%,蛋白质的去除率达到89·5%。     

高效液相色谱法测定乳中唾液酸含量

利用酸水解法把乳中的唾液酸释放出来,以邻苯二氨盐酸盐(10 mg/mL)为衍生化试剂,在80℃水浴锅中衍生40 min,采用Symmetry C18 柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 mm);流动相为1.0 %的四氢呋喃水溶液(含0.2 %磷酸)-乙腈(92:8);流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为35 ℃;紫外检测波长230 nm.结果表明,唾液酸在10～320 μg/mL范围内线性良好,平均回收率为95.7 %.本方法具有灵敏度高,重复性好等特点,可准确测定乳中唾液酸含量 .     

Comparison of spectrophotometric and HPLC methods for determining sialic acid in infant formulas

Two methods for determining sialic acid in infant formulas – spectrophotometry and HPLC with fluorescence detection – have been optimised and validated, the first one allows to determine total sialic acid while the second allows to differentiate the two main forms of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc)). A common sample preparation procedure (hydrolysis and purification) for both methods has been proposed. The linearity (from 6 to 150 μg of total sialic acid in the assay for spectrophotometry, and from 12.5 to 250 ng and 1 to 5 ng of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, respectively, for HPLC) is adequate. The detection and quantification limits (0.29 and 0.97 mg of total sialic acid/L of reconstituted sample, respectively, for spectrophotometry, and 0.03 and 0.08 mg Neu5Ac/L; 0.003 and 0.009 mg Neu5Gc/L of reconstituted sample, respectively, for HPLC) are low enough for the determination of sialic acid in infant formulas. The precision of both methods, expressed as relative standard deviation, is less than 6%, and the accuracy evaluated by recovery assays show 104% recovery for spectrophotometry; 95% for Neu5Ac and 109% for Neu5Gc for HPLC. Samples analysed show no significant differences (α < 0.05) attributable to the method used; consequently, both of them could be applied after common sample preparation, the choice of technique depending on the facilities available in the laboratory.     

Rapid and simple method for the determination in sialic acid of yak milk fat globule membrane

A rapid and simple method for the determination of sialic acid (Neu5Ac) of yak milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) by HPLC with a diode array detector was developed and validated. Samples were cleaned up just by hydrolysis and derivatization before HPLC analysis. Separation was achieved with an Agilent TC-C18 column. The method showed a good linearity (r=0.997), the sensitivity results showed that the limits of detection and limits of quantification for sialic acid were 10.0 and 21.0 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery of Neu5Ac was 95–97%. The method proved very simple and rapid for Neu5Ac analysis since separation was completely achieved at 12 min.     

Determination of sialic acids in infant formula by chromatographic methods: a comparison of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography methods

Sialic acid determination in an infant formula presents many challenges, including efficient sialic acid release from glycoconjugates, effective sample preparation, and rugged chromatography. This work compares 2 chromatographic assays developed for determination of sialic acids in infant formula. Prior to chromatography, both assays release sialic acids by acid hydrolysis and treat the hydrolysate with a subsequent anion-exchange sample preparation. Both high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and fluorescence ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) sample analysis methods were evaluated to compare assay performance and convenience. Calibration ranges were chosen to encompass the expected amounts of 2 sialic acids in infant formula: N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Response was linear by either method with coefficients of determination of 1.00 by HPAEC-PAD between 5.0 and 100pmol of Neu5Ac and between 0.34 and 6.8 pmol of Neu5Gc and >0.99 by UHPLC between 5.0 and 260 pmol of Neu5Ac and between 0.20 and 9.8 pmol of Neu5Gc. Both methods had sufficient sensitivity to determine these sialic acids in infant formula. Three infant formulas were analyzed to evaluate accuracy and precision of the assays. The HPAEC-PAD assay was found to be faster overall and the UHPLC assay was more sensitive. Reaction efficiency, and therefore sensitivity, was dependent on the sample matrix. This work illustrates sample-specific complexity that must be considered in choosing an assay.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定红肉及其加工肉中唾液酸含量

采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法对红肉及其加工肉中两种唾液酸N-乙酰神经氨酸（N-acetylneuraminic acid,Neu5Ac）和N-羟乙酰神经氨酸（N-glycolylneuraminic acid,Neu5Gc）进行定性和定量分析。利用单因素试验对衍生化与样品酸解条件进行优化,并借助超声缩短酸解时间。结果表明,以盐酸作为酸解试剂,超声辅助酸解30 min,4,5-亚甲二氧基-1,2-邻苯二胺盐作为衍生化试剂,衍生化试剂浓度为13 mmol/L,样品与衍生化试剂比值为1∶1,衍生化时间120 min时,检测效果最佳。Neu5Ac和Neu5Gc在0.1～10 μg/mL范围内线性良好,回收率为91.2%～119.7%,检出限分别为0.003 mg/kg和0.01 mg/kg,重复性的相对标准偏差（relative standard deviation,RSD）为0.7%～1.8%,精密度RSD分别为1.4%和1.2%。本方法具有灵敏度高、分析时间短、重复性及准确性好等特点。     

Determining Neu5Ac in infant formula with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The aim of this work was to measure N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in milk‐based infant formulas. The analysis was performed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). The total Neu5Ac were released using trichloroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid and purified using a HLB column. The linearity from 0.05 to 5.0 μg/mg Neu5Ac was adequate. Sialic acid recoveries ranged from 91.8% to 112.4%. The detection and quantification limits (limit of detection, 0.01 μg Neu5Ac/mg; limit of quantitation, 1.08 μg Neu5Ac/mg) were low enough to determine the sialic acid in infant formulas. The validated method is highly reproducible and sensitive, and it is easy to perform.     

Dietary intervention with sialylated lactulose affects the immunomodulatory activities of mice

Four sialylated lactuloses [N-acetylneuraminic acid-α2,3-lactulose (Neu5Acα2,3lactulose), N-acetylneuraminic acid-α2,6-lactulose (Neu5Acα2,6lactulose), deaminoneuraminc acid-α2,3-lactulose (Kdnα2,3lactulose), and deaminoneuraminc acid-α-2,6-lactulose (Kdnα2,6lactulose)] were reported to modulate the immunity of mice. The influences of cytokine expression, cell immunity, humoral immunity, and nonspecific immunity were investigated in our study using several techniques. Analysis via ELISA showed that cytokine expression was induced by sialylated lactulose treatment consistently in the serum and spleen. Among the 4 tested sialylated lactuloses, Neu5Acα2,6lactulose performed the best, simultaneously and appropriately promoting the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in the serum and spleen. Kdnα2,3lactulose showed the best antioxidant activity according to detection of the activity of superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Flow cytometry revealed that only Kdnα2,3lactulose significantly boosted the CD3⁺ T lymphocyte ratio similarly to that of lactulose. Analysis of the hemolysin content to characterize humoral immunity revealed that Kdnα2,3lactulose notably increased hemolysin content compared with that in the control group. To evaluate the nonspecific immune effects of the 4 sialylated lactuloses, a fluorescence microsphere phagocytosis assay was used to analyze the phagocytosis of macrophages. Kdnα2,3lactulose still performed the best in enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages, showing markedly increased phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index values compared with those in the control and lactulose groups. Comparing the differences of these 4 sialylated lactuloses in affecting immunity in mice revealed that Kdnα2,3lactulose had the best overall performance in influencing cytokine expression, cell immunity, humoral immunity, and nonspecific immunity. This study provides critical support for use of sialylated lactuloses as potential immunomodulators in foods.     

Use of Mucor miehei lipase to improve functional properties of yolk-contaminated egg whites

Egg yolk contamination of egg whites continues to be a serious problem in the egg industry. The ability of egg whites to form stable and voluminous foams is greatly inhibited by yolk contamination, even at very low levels, between 0.01% and 0.2% w/w yolk in white. Experiments were conducted to determine if Mucor miehei lipase could regenerate the functional properties of yolk-contaminated egg whites. Lipase from M. miehei and colipase from porcine pancreas were added to yolk-contaminated (0.2%, w/w) egg white samples to hydrolyze triglycerides originating from egg yolk. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triacylglycerols was confirmed using thin-layer chromatography. Treatment of yolk-contaminated samples with lipase and colipase yielded significant (P < 0.05) improvements in a number of the functional properties, including the final foam volume, foam capacity, and foaming power. These functional properties showed complete restoration to control levels. However, foam stability and foam drainage levels were not statistically different from yolk-contaminated samples that had not been enzymatically treated. Enzyme-treated yolk-contaminated egg whites were also tested in angel food cakes. Enzyme-treated, yolk-contaminated egg whites performed similarly to non-yolk-contaminated control, and much better than yolk-contaminated sample in angel food cakes. The results show that most negative effects of yolk contamination can be reversed by treatment with Mucor miehei lipase and colipase.     

牛免疫球蛋白G的体外人源唾液酸化及Fc片段的制备

建立将牛免疫球蛋白G (bovine immunoglobulin G,bIgG)糖链末端N-羟乙酰神经氨酸酶切并连接人源N-乙酰神经氨酸(N-acetylneuraminic acid,Neu5Ac)的方法,在实现bIgG转化为人源IgG (human IgG,hIgG)的基础上,研究hIgG可结晶(Fc)片段的制备...     

气相色谱法同时测定多糖中的中性糖、糖醛酸、氨基糖和唾液酸

采用甲醇解和硅烷衍生化,用气相色谱法同时测定样品中的中性糖、糖醛酸、N-乙酰氨基糖和唾液酸,取得了很好的效果。3种标准单糖混合物(包含阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、N-乙酰半乳糖、N-乙酰葡萄糖、5-乙酰唾液酸)和2种多糖样品(豆腐渣多糖DFP、鸡腿菇多糖F32)用1 mol/L盐酸甲醇在85℃反应18～24 h,碳酸银中和,加入乙酸酐室温暗处反应24 h,使氨基糖重新引入N-乙酰基,除银盐,干燥,加入硅烷化试剂[V(吡啶)∶V(六甲基二硅氨烷)∶V(三甲基氯硅烷)=5∶1∶1),室温放置30 min,最后用气相色谱进行分析。