大电网潮流修正方程并行求解实现方法

针对智能电网调度控制系统对大规模潮流快速计算的需求,充分利用现有系统计算资源,提出了一种适用于共享内存编程模型的潮流修正方程多路多核并行实现方法。利用C++标准容器,简化了稀疏矩阵的存储和遍历,并基于图论和共享内存编程模型,对因子分解过程进行并行化改造,实现了潮流修正线性方程的并行求解。最后,对比智能电网调度控制系统调度员潮流软件,进行了分析测试。测试结果表明,随着计算规模的增大,所提出的实现方法计算效率越高,验证了方法的实用性。     

UPS模块化电源系统并联控制策略分析

分析了UPS并联控制的基本原理,针对并联控制系统中的均流问题介绍了几种控制方案,并着重介绍了一种基于分散逻辑控制的实用型并联控制策略,探讨了今后UPS的模块化电源系统的研究发展方向和广泛的应用前景。     

Fast power flow for radial power systems using parallel processing

Power flow calculation is a basic tool for power system planning and control which includes power flow analysis, voltage control, service restoration, network reconfiguration, and other operation functions for control centers. In these applications, it is very important to solve the power flow problem as efficiently as possible. This paper presents a fast power flow using parallel processing for radial power systems. This method can be applied to secondary systems and distribution systems. Since it uses as state variables only active and reactive power injection to main lines and laterals, reduction of the number of state variables can be realized. Radical networks are mapped to the tree structure of parallel processor systems in the proposed method. The forward/backward sweep approach is realized by communication from a root processor to leaf processors and vice versa. Using the mapping scheme of the proposed method, each processor has to communicate with only neighboring processors. The proposed method is evaluated on various radial systems with promising results.     

基于PC机群的发输电系统可靠性评估

为提高发输电系统可靠性评估的计算速度，提出了一种可靠性评估并行交流潮流法。该方法的核心是基于大规模电网分解协调原理的粗粒度空间并行快速解耦潮流模型和算法。其特点是：把系统划分为几个子网络；用LU分解法计算子网络和边界节点的交流潮流；根据进程间交换的潮流违限消息进行校正控制；最后计算可靠性指标。提出的方法在用个人计算机和1000M以太网构建的计算平台上实现了大电力系统充裕度评估交流潮流法的并行计算。通过对IEEE-118、IEEE-RTS96系统和一个实际电力系统进行的计算分析，验证了方法的正确性、可行性和有效性。     

在线预决策的暂态稳定控制系统

描述了电力自动化研究院开发的,集非自治非线性多刚体系系统运动稳定性的定量分析技术、面向对象的分布式并行处理平台和区域稳定控制装置为一体的在线预决策的暂态稳定控制系统。该系统在线跟踪系统工况,用ＥＥＡＣ提供的受控电力系统的稳定裕度指标,快速搜索对应于给定故障集的、满足一定系统稳定裕度值的、控制代价为最小的控制策略,定期刷新控制执行装置中的控制策略表,从而对电网发展变化、运行方式改变具有很强的自适应能     

云平台下全维度电力设备状态数据并行化处理技术

数据集成和信息共享是建立智能电网的必然趋势,设备状态数据越来越多地被发送到控制中心,如何快速处理大量的历史数据和实时在线监测数据成为亟待解决的问题。结合开源云平台和大型数据处理技术,对电力设备运行状态监控数据进行并行计算和诊断研究,提出基于Spark内存技术的集合经验模型的分解并行算法EEMD,以补偿复杂场景处理中HDoop Map Reduce的不足,设计实现了两种不同结构的并行EEMD算法,并通过对比实验分析算法的性能,研究工作可为我国电力设备状态数据并行处理技术的发展提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

互联电网的直流最优潮流分解算法研究

研究了大系统互联电网的最优潮流优化策略,基于部分对偶理论分析了电网分区的分解协调模型,提出了一种基于直流最优潮流模型的互联电网多区域分解最优潮流并行求解算法,将一个大的电网互联系统分解成多个区域子问题,每个区域子问题是个典型的二次规划问题,使用直流最优潮流模型来求解互联电网的最优潮流分布,讨论了分区优化收敛条件。通过交换输出电价和边界节点相位角,完成区域间的信息交换。使用上述分解算法对IEEERTS-96算例的多个互联区域进行了分析,结果表明本文算法是一种有效的求解算法,适合大区电网互联后在线分布式动态OPF计算。在电力系统有极大的应用前景。     

Parallel simulated annealing applied to long term transmissionnetwork expansion planning

The simulated annealing optimization technique has been successfully applied to a number of electrical engineering problems, including transmission system expansion planning. The method is general in the sense that it does not assume any particular property of the problem being solved, such as linearity or convexity. Moreover, it has the ability to provide solutions arbitrarily close to an optimum (i.e. it is asymptotically convergent) as the cooling process slows down. The drawback of the approach is the computational burden: finding optimal solutions may be extremely expensive in some cases. This paper presents a parallel simulated annealing (PSA) algorithm for solving the long-term transmission network expansion planning problem. A strategy that does not affect the basic convergence properties of the sequential simulated annealing algorithm have been implemented and tested. The paper investigates the conditions under which the parallel algorithm is most efficient. The parallel implementations have been tested on three example networks: a small 6-bus network; and two complex real-life networks. Excellent results are reported in the test section of the paper: in addition to reductions in computing times, the PSA algorithm proposed in the paper has shown significant improvements in solution quality for the largest of the test networks     

Determining generator contributions to transmission system using parallel vector evaluated particle swarm optimization

In this paper, the generator contributions to the transmission system are determined by an evolutionary computation technique. Evaluating the contributions of generators to the power flows in transmission lines is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem and calculated using a parallel vector evaluated particle swarm optimization (VEPSO) algorithm. Specifically, the contributions are modeled by particles of swarms whose positions are optimally determined while satisfying all multiobjectives and other physical and operating constraints. The VEPSO method is parallelized by distributing the swarms in a number of networked PCs. The proposed parallel VEPSO algorithm accounts for nonlinear characteristics of the generators and transmission lines. The applicability of the proposed parallel VEPSO algorithm in accessing the generator contributions is demonstrated and compared with analytical methods for four different systems: three-bus, six-bus, IEEE 30-bus, and 136-bus test systems. The experimental results show that the proposed parallel VEPSO algorithm is capable of obtaining precise solutions compared to analytical methods while considering nonlinear characteristics of the systems.     

一种基于图形处理器加速的批量LU分解算法

潮流计算是电力系统计算的基础,其核心是LU分解计算,因此电力系统潮流计算加速的关键在于LU分解加速。当前,基于中央处理器(CPU)的并行算法已经成熟,性能提升空间有限。图形处理器(GPU)作为协处理器,在科学计算方面具有强大的优越性,被广泛应用到电力系统潮流计算中。文中首先分析了GPU结构和并行运行架构,然后介绍了LU分解原理,并选择了合适的矩阵排序算法和稀疏矩阵存储模型,借助统一计算设备架构(CUDA)编程模型实现了基于GPU的单个LU分解和批量LU分解并行加速,最后在仿真设备上测试了5个不同的案例,对比分析其并行算法的加速效果。仿真测试结果表明,基于GPU的批量稀疏LU分解并行算法,平均可以获得25～50倍的加速效果。     

Linear reactive power optimization in a large power network usingthe decomposition approach

A mathematical framework is presented for the solution of the economic dispatch problem. The application of the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition method for the solution of this problem is emphasized. The system's optimization problem is decomposed into several subproblems corresponding to specific areas in the power system. The upper bound technique along with the decomposition method are applied to a 16-bus system and a modified IEEE 30-bus system, and numerical results are presented for larger systems. The results indicate that the presented formulation of the reactive power optimization and the application of the decomposition procedure will facilitate the solution of the problem. The algorithm can be applied to a large-scale power network, where its solution represents a significant reduction in the number of iterations and the required computation time     

一种改进的分布式逆变器并联控制策略

逆变器的冗余并联控制技术是实现交流供电系统高可靠性的关键。逆变器并联的控制方法有很多种,主从法必须依赖主模块工作,没有实现真正的冗余控制;频率电压外特性下垂法存在输出外特性较差等不足。基于平均电流控制的分布式并联控制策略易于实现逆变器的冗余及热插拔,但其存在输出外特性软的缺点,该文在该控制策略的基础上加上了负载电流前馈控制技术,以提高输出外特性,同时保留了原控制方案的输出限流功能和均流效果不变。论文分析比较了加负载电流前馈技术前后的输出外特性及环流特性,并研制了一台样机,进行了实验验证。     

基于模式切换的逆变器与发电机并联控制策略

随着新能源技术的发展,偏远山区、海岛等独立电力系统越来越多地采用新能源发电设备与柴油发电机混合供电方式。针对这类系统中新能源逆变器单独供电、与柴油发电机并联供电的功能需求,以逆变器单独供电时采用电压源控制、与柴油发电机并联时采用电流源控制为基础,提出基于逆变器控制模式切换和柴油发电机准同期并联相结合的控制策略,解决逆变器与柴油发电机并联过程的控制问题,电磁暂态时域仿真和1∶1样机物理实验验证了该控制策略的有效性。     

一种多逆变器太阳能光伏并网发电系统的组群控制方法

对光伏发电系统中的光伏阵列－逆变器对进行轮循分组控制,在逆变器输入功率小于设定的下限阈值时,部分光伏阵列并联后连接到一台逆变器输出;在并联开关分合闸过程中,一直保持光伏阵列以最大功率不间断输出;并且该方法对光照突变情况进行自适应判断,作为控制的预启动条件。此方法的优点是：能够同时提高逆变器和光伏阵列的转换效率,改善电能质量,降低并联开关和逆变器的动作次数,延长设备使用寿命,并且控制过程系统输出功率平稳。     

An optimal modal approximation method for model reduction of linear power system models

A number of recent studies have examined the problem of modal reduction of large-scale power system linear models. In this paper, an optimal model reduction strategy for the analysis and control of inter-area oscillations in power systems that uses concepts from proper orthogonal decomposition and modal analysis and preserves exactly the input–output properties of the original system is presented. The technique uses a new projection matrix that minimizes the error between the states of the original system and the states of its reduced-order model, and is suitable for analyzing large power system models described by differential–algebraic equation (DAE) systems.Based on this theoretical framework, an efficient algorithm for model reduction is proposed which combines the ease of use of linear modal analysis, with the flexibility of extracting relevant behavior that statistical multivariate methods can offer. Methods for analysis of reduced system representations using linear approximations are critically reviewed and compared. The proposed technique is tested on a 50-machine, 145-bus, and 453-line test system. The effects of system dimension, accuracy of the approximations to capture inter-system oscillations, and the generality of the techniques are discussed in detail in the parametric study. Accuracy of the solution and weaknesses of the model reduction are also investigated. Direct numerical simulation of the power system dynamic model is performed to investigate the accuracy and robustness of the method.     

基于预处理共轭梯度法的电力系统机电暂态仿真

把基于不完全LU分解的预处理共轭梯度法(ILUCG)用于电力系统暂态稳定仿真计算,提出了一种与矩阵方程直接求解法相结合的混合算法.该方法采用不完全LU分解对暂态稳定计算中的雅可比矩阵进行预处理,以改善其条件数;对预处理之后的方程组,采用改进的共轭梯度法进行迭代求解,在系统收敛困难的情况下,改用直接求解法求解矩阵方程;在迭代过程中,充分利用当前已有的预处理后的等价雅可比矩阵进行迭代计算,而当雅可比矩阵及相关变量变化较大时,重新计算雅可比矩阵并进行相应的预处理操作,以提高算法的效率和计算速度;多个算例表明,对于电力系统暂态仿真的计算,本文算法的计算速度明显优于直接分解求解法和单纯的ILUCG,并易于在并行计算平台上实现,具有一定的实际应用前景.     

含分布式能源的配电网实时最优潮流分布式算法

提出一种含分布式能源的配电网实时最优潮流分布式算法。首先,该算法在获取电压状态量的实时数据后,利用原问题的二阶泰勒展开对状态量进行一次修正,并将修正结果用于控制量的计算和分布式能源的功率控制,给出了该方法在连续执行后的可行性分析。然后,利用海森阵的稀疏特性,提出了海森阵元素的分解、并行计算方法和修正方程的分布式高斯消去法,从而实现算法的分布式求解。最后,通过算例分析验证了所提算法的可行性和有效性。     

A Penalty Scheme for Reducing Electricity Price Volatility

The deregulation of electric power systems in many parts of the world has changed the mechanism of electricity pricing. Unlike the fixed price in conventional power systems, electricity price varies with time and location in the new deregulated environment. Electricity prices in a restructured power system can be highly volatile due to the random nature of system failures and demands. It is therefore very difficult for the independent system operator (ISO) to control the price and associated risk. The high prices beyond control have resulted in significant impacts on customers as well as on system operation. This paper proposes a penalty scheme for reducing electricity price volatility caused by failures in generation companies (Gencos) or transmission companies (Transcos). In this scheme, Gencos and Transcos will be penalized if their equipment failures result in unexpected price changes. The price decomposition technique is used to evaluate the price components caused by random failures. The penalty can be calculated based on the difference of electricity price components between the normal state and the contingency states. Moreover, a simplified schema which is based on profit analysis is also proposed in this paper. The proposed penalty scheme not only gives the Gencos and Transcos an incentive to improve their reliabilities but also provides a flexible tool for the ISO to control the system price risk. The possible shortcomings of the proposed schema are also specified in the paper. The IEEE RTS is analyzed to illustrate the technique.      

Electromechanical transients simulation on a multicomputer via theVDHN-Maclaurin method

This paper reports simulations of power systems electromechanical transients on a multicomputer, formulated as a nonlinear algebraic problem by using the time parallelization concept. The bi-factorized inversion, which is the most time consuming stage of the simulation, is solved by the “Very Dishonest Newton (VDHN)-Maclaurin” method, a fully parallel indirect method based on the decomposition of the nonupdated Jacobian matrix. This proposal is made to orient the search for the decomposition based on a sufficient condition for the convergence of the Maclaurin series, which is a desirable situation for the design of more robust algorithms for power system simulation. Such condition keeps a close relation with a physical coupling property exhibited by power systems, and the characteristics of the simulation method. Theoretical and numerical results show that a successful implementation of this method can be better reached when the Jacobian matrix is decomposed as a block diagonal matrix plus a matrix with off diagonal blocks elements, the latter representing weak couplings between the diagonal blocks. The ϵ Decomposition is used to satisfy the sufficient condition for convergence and the Longest Path Scheduling Method to prevent the uneven loading of processors, permitting to adapt the method in a efficient way on a coarse grain computer. The parallel simulation was written in C language and implemented on a Parsytec PowerXplorer multicomputer. Tests using electromechanical models of the Chilean Central interconnected system and the IEEE300 test system were made to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of the parallel method     

基于异步迭代的多区域互联系统动态潮流分解协调计算

在全局电网分解协调计算中，为增加各子系统计算的独立性，并减小协调计算对通信系统的要求，提出了一种新的基于异步迭代的互联系统分解协调动态潮流计算方法，这种方法允许每个参与分布式计算的子系统自由选择本系统内的Vθ节点，采用内、外两层迭代的方式求解整个互联系统的动态潮流。以各子系统单独潮流计算作为内层迭代，再利用边界条件构造关于边界节点状态量的不动点迭代格式，通过不断修改各子系统相应外边界节点的等值注入作为外层迭代来统一全网潮流解。所提出的算法经IEEE9节点试验系统验证，可获得全网动态潮流解。