82B高碳钢热变形奥氏体再结晶行为研究

用Gleeble2000热模拟试验机对82B钢奥氏体再结晶进行了研究。结果表明,82B钢以0.5s-1的应变速率在950℃及其以上温度进行变形时将发生动态再结晶,950℃以下发生动态回复;以2s-1的应变速率在1000℃以上进行变形时发生动态再结晶,1000℃及其以下仅发生动态回复;在所有试验温度以10s-1和30s-1的应变速率变形时,均仅发生动态回复。恒温双道次压缩时,在3￣200s的间隔时间内均发生了静态再结晶。     

3003铝合金热变形流变应力特征

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行圆柱体压缩实验．研究了3003铝合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0．01～10s^-1、真应变为0～0．8条件下的流变应力特征。结果表明．流变应力随温度升高而降低，随应变速率的提高而增大；在应变速率小于10s^-1。时，3003铝合金首先出现加工硬化，流变应力达到峰值后单调下降，趋于平稳，表现出动态回复的特征；而在应变速率为10s^-1、变形温度在350℃以上时，合金发生了局部动态再结晶；可用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述3003铝合金热压缩变形时的流变应力行为。     

2519铝合金热变形组织演化

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机研究2519铝合金高温变形组织演化行为。利用光学显微镜（OM）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析合金在不同压缩条件下的组织形貌特征。结果表明,2519铝合金在变形温度为300-450℃、应变速率为0．01～1s^-1条件下,仅发生动态回复;而在变形温度为350-450℃,变形速率为10s^-1的条件下变形时,发生动态再结晶,动态再结晶机制为连续动态再结晶和几何动态再结晶。     

一种DC04钢的动态再结晶行为的研究

采用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机研究了DC04钢的单道次压缩变形,通过金相组织及应力-应变曲线分析不同变形参数对动态再结晶行为的影响。结果发现,当形变速率为10s-1时,DC04钢主要以加工硬化和动态回复为主;当形变速率为5s-1时,1000~1100℃变形后,动态再结晶明显,900~950℃变形后以加工硬化和动态回复为主;当形变速率为0.1s-1时,850~1100℃变形后均发生了动态再结晶,900、1000℃变形后应力-应变曲线出现周期峰值。计算出实验用DC04钢的动态再结晶激活能为125.8kJ/mol,给出了DC04钢的动态再结晶区域图。     

1Cr20Co6Ni2WMoV钢热变形行为研究

文章采用Gleeble-2000热模拟试验机对1Cr20Co6Ni2WMoV热强钢的热变形行为进行研究。变形温度为950℃,1000℃,1050℃,1100℃,1160℃,变形速率为0．01s~(-1),0．1s~(-1),1s~(-1),10s~(-1)。结果表明．1Cr20Co6Ni2WMoV钢在低应变速率热压缩变形过程中发生明显的动态再结晶;当应变速率大于10s~(-1)时,只发生动态回复。动态再结晶晶粒随变形温度降低,应变速率升高而减小。随应变速率的提高,峰值应力和峰值应变均升高。     

我国钛废料回收利用现状

采用热模拟压缩试验研究了Ti-40阻燃钛合金在温度900℃～1100℃、应变速率0．01s^-1～10s^-1范围内的高温变形特性，发现合金的流动应力-应变曲线具订应力峰和流变软化特征，在高温、高应变速率下，出现小连续屈服现象。根据动态材料模型（DMM）建立的Ti-40合金加工图大致可以分为5个区域：（1）在温度900℃-950℃，应变速率大于1s。时，易发生45°角剪切开裂，出现明显的剪切变形带，功率耗散率达最小值。（2）在温度1000℃～1100℃、应变速率人于1s^-1时，易出现“豆腐渣”式和纵向开裂，大变形时出现局部塑性流动。这2个区域为流动失稳区，在制定热加工工艺时应尽量避免。（3）在高温（≥1050℃）、低应变速率区（≤0．1s^-1），功率耗散率为46％-76％，达到盛大值，呈现连续冉结晶的特征。（4）在900℃-950℃、应变速率0．01s^-1～0．1s^-1区域内主要发生动态回复，功率耗散率为22％-32％。（5）在温度950℃～1050℃、应变速率0.1s^-1～1s^-1范用为再结晶区域，功率耗散率为36％～50％。结果表明，加工图是控制材料组织演变和优化工艺的一种有效手段。     

Ti-26钛合金热变形特征研究

在Gleeble1500热模拟试验机上对Ti-26（Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn-1Nb-1Zr）钛合金进行了恒应变速率压缩变形试验，温度范围为700～1020℃，应变速率范围为s=10^-3～10s^-1，测试了其真应力一应变曲线，观察了变形后的组织。口区热压缩、变形的主要软化机制是动态回复；s≤10^-2s^-1时，变形的过程中有动态再结晶现象发生，主要软化是动态回复起作用；s≥10^-1s^-1时，变形时再结晶数量增多，但随温度的升高动态回复作用渐强。在热变形参数中，变形温度、变形速率对变形后的组织都有较大的影响，为获得细小均匀的组织，除了降低变形温度，增大变形量外，适当的提高变形速率也是一种可行的途径。     

40Cr钢的形变热处理行为

利用Gleeble 1500热／力学模拟实验机，对40Cr钢进行了变形温度为710～1050℃，变形速率为0．1～1．0s^-1，变形量为0．7的热模拟单向压缩试验。分析了40Cr钢在热变形过程中的真应力一真应变曲线。结果表明，该钢在950～1050℃变形过程中发生奥氏体动态再结晶，在710～800℃变形过程中发生应变奥氏体加速铁素体析出。     

Ti-Al-Zr-Sn-Mo-Si-Y合金高温塑性变形行为及加工图

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对Ti-Al-Zr-Sn—Mo—Si—Y合金进行了热压缩试验，采用动态材料模型建立的加工图研究了在变形温度800～1100℃，变形速率在0．002～10s^-1范围内的热变形行为。结果表明：该合金的功率耗散效率的峰值区为875～925℃，应变速率为0．001-0．002s^-1，峰值效率为85％。在温度为900～1000℃，应变速率为0．1～3s^-1的区域和850～950℃，应变速率为0．001-0．01s^-1的环形区域内进行等温压缩，Ti-Al-Zr-Sn-Mo-Si—Y合金发生了动态再结晶，其功率耗散效率为40％～55％。在800～925℃，应变速率为0．03～10s^-1和温度为860～930℃，应变速率为0．003～0．03s^-1区域内易产生流变失稳现象。     

23MnNiMoCr54钢的热变形行为

利用DIL 805A型热膨胀仪测定了23MnNiMoCr54钢的热膨胀曲线,结合硬度检验绘制出试验钢的CCT曲线,并对其动态相变及动态再结晶规律进行了研究分析。结果表明,23MnNiMoCr54钢的临界转变点Ac₃=806 ℃,Ac₁=713 ℃,CCT曲线中无珠光体转变区,当冷速≥0.5 ℃/s时,开始发生马氏体相变。变形量为10%时,变形温度在850~1150 ℃范围内时,试验钢的奥氏体晶粒边界稳定,晶粒大小没有发生明显变化,没有发生动态再结晶,软化机制以动态回复为主。变形量为40%时,变形温度在850 ℃时试验钢没有发生动态再结晶,软化机制以回复为主;温度为900~950 ℃时出现了不稳定的奥氏体晶界和细小晶粒,动态再结晶开始发生;温度为1000 ℃时,发生了完全动态再结晶。变形量为50%时,变形温度在850~950 ℃时试验钢出现了不稳定的奥氏体晶界和细小晶粒,发生了部分再结晶;温度为1000 ℃时,发生了完全动态再结晶。变形量为60%时,变形温度在850~950 ℃时试验钢出现了不稳定的奥氏体晶界和细小晶粒,发生了部分再结晶;温度为1000 ℃时,发生了完全动态再结晶。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.