星载加速度计的动力法校准

通过模拟轨道，利用动力法对星载加速度计校准进行了研究。用不同参考重力场模型获得的校准参数分别重新积分卫星轨道，与模拟轨道的差异最大可达m级。结果表明，参考重力场模型误差对加速度计校准的影响不可忽略，在校准加速度计的同时应解算重力场模型，以削弱模型误差的影响。     

利用谱分析法估计GRACE Follow-On地球重力场的空间分辨率

利用轨道扰动引力谱和大地水准面累计误差谱分析的方法估计未来GRACE(gravity recovery and climateexperiment)Follow-On卫星反演地球重力场的空间分辨率。基于GRACE Follow-On卫星的轨道特性,计算其在高空所受到的径向扰动引力,并根据谱特性及星载加速度计的测量噪声水平分析该卫星能反演重力场的阶数。利用EGM96重力场模型分别计算200 km和250 km轨道高度处的扰动引力谱。分析其特性表明:在两个轨道高度处分别能反演281阶和242阶的地球重力场模型。给出大地水准面累计误差谱模型,并计算200 km和250 km轨道高度处大地水准面累计误差谱。分析其谱特性表明:在两个轨道高度处分别能反演至286阶和228阶的地球重力场模型。     

基于SLR的GRACE卫星定轨中重力场模型对轨道精度的影响

以GRACE卫星为例,分析比较利用SLR观测资料进行卫星定轨时,采用不同重力场模型对GRACE卫星定轨精度的影响;以及重力场截断阶引起的积分轨道差异;同时,将定轨结果与采用GPS确定的定轨结果进行比较,分析与GPS定轨结果的差异.实验证明.重力场模型选择GGM02C的定轨结果优于选择JGM-3的定轨结果,基于SLR的定...     

应用能量法反演地球重力场

分析了能量法反演地球重力场的原理和关键技术,研究了法方程矩阵求解和加速度计校准的方法,评述了能量法求取地球重力场需要注意的问题。     

几个能量法获取地球重力场模型的关键技术分析

介绍了能量法恢复地球重力场的基本原理,并分别给出了在笛卡尔坐标空间、极坐标空间内的能量守恒公式,探讨了能量常数精度、计算方式与地球重力场反演精度的关系,并通过数值试验进行了计算分析。计算结果表明:对于低轨卫星,在不同坐标空间内转换引起的轨道误差为10-10m量级,对恢复地球重力场模型的阶误差RMS为10-21量级,可以忽略不计;为了获取厘米级的大地水准面,在解算过程中应该将扰动位期望为零时对应的估值作为能量常数初始估计值,将其残差作为未知数一并求解,且能量常数误差应优于0.1 m2s2。     

卫星重力测量数据处理软件系统的设计

介绍了自主开发的卫星重力测量数据处理软件--GRASTAR,给出了该软件的整体设计框架和功能.该软件主要采用动力学法实现,应用CHAMP卫星和GRACE卫星的观测数据反演地球重力场模型.利用模拟方法验证了该软件的正确性,并利用GRASTAR处理了126 d的CHAMP卫星数据,解算出直到40阶次重力场模型的初步结果.     

利用CHAMP卫星轨道和加速度计数据推求地球重力场模型

本文紧密结合当前卫星重力测量技术的发展需求，围绕利用CHAMP卫星轨道和加速度计数据恢复地球重力场展开研究，重点在CHAMP数据预处理、重力场恢复、正则化算法等方面进行了理论和实践上的系统研究，建立了一套完整的CHAMP重力场恢复理论和算法。论文的主要内容和创新点概括如下：     

重力卫星的星载GPS精密定轨

利用CHAMP和GRACE卫星的实测数据,研究了重力卫星的精密定轨问题,并针对几何法精密定轨方法给出了一种有效的星载数据编辑策略;在PANDA软件的基础上,处理了101 d的实测数据;通过与不同机构卫星轨道的比较、激光测距观测值检验以及重力场模型恢复等外部检核的方式,分析了卫星轨道的精度.结果显示,本文的简化动力学轨道的精度为2～3 cm;几何学轨道的定轨精度为3～4 cm,适用于重力场模型的解算.     

卫星重力测量数据处理软件系统的设计

介绍了自主开发的卫星重力测量数据处理软件GRASTAR,给出了该软件的整体设计框架和功能。该软件主要采用动力学法实现,应用CHAMP卫星和GRACE卫星的观测数据反演地球重力场模型。利用模拟方法验证了该软件的正确性,并利用GRASTAR处理了126 d的CHAMP卫星数据,解算出直到40阶次重力场模型的初步结果。     

动力法校准GRACE星载加速度计

研究了GRACE星载加速度计的动力法校准。联合精密轨道、星间距离变率同时估计重力场模型参数和加速度计校准参数,获得了SRF(satellite reference frame)下的比例系数和偏差参数时间序列,100阶重力场模型的大地水准面累积误差为4cm,在相应波段上优于CSR(center for space research)同时段的月重力场模型精度。以上述整体解算的结果为参照,对固定重力场模型参数的校准方案进行了检验,发现SRF框架下的非保守力差值最高可达10-8 m·s-2量级,认为固定重力场模型的方法难以充分发挥GRACE加速度计的测量能力。本文研究结果可为后续的大规模卫星重力测量数据处理提供科学的依据,也能为开展相关科学应用提供可靠的非保守力数据。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。