基于密度峰值和网格的自动选定聚类中心算法

针对快速搜索和发现密度峰值的聚类算法(DPC)中数据点之间计算复杂,最终聚类的中心个数需要通过决策图手动选取等问题,提出基于密度峰值和网格的自动选定聚类中心的改进算法GADPC。首先结合Clique网格聚类算法的思想,不再针对点对象进行操作,而是将点映射到网格,并将网格作为聚类对象,从而减少了DPC算法中对数据点之间的距离计算和聚类次数;其次通过改进后的聚类中心个数判定准则更精确地自动选定聚类中心个数;最后对网格边缘点和噪声点,采用网格内点对象和相邻网格间的相似度进行了处理。实验通过采用UEF(University of Eastern Finland)提供的数据挖掘使用的人工合成数据集和UCI自然数据集进行对比,其聚类评价指标(Rand Index)表明,改进的算法在计算大数据集时聚类质量不低于DPC和K-means算法,而且提高了DPC算法的处理效率。     

一种采用Hilbert曲线网格划分聚类算法

Hilbert曲线能够线性填充数据空间,将数据空间分割成大小相等的网格,从而将位于网格中的点映射到线性空间中.本文利用Hilbert曲线的数据聚类性质,提出一种基于Hilbert曲线网格划分聚类算法,详细叙述算法的执行过程,并给出每一步的理论依据.算法首先以网格为单位合并出面积较小的聚集,然后将小聚集经过若干次合并形成较大聚集,最终使得聚集最优.实验结果表明该算法的执行时间少于经典聚类算法k-means和基于网格聚类算法CLIQUE.     

基于局部密度和动态生成网格聚类算法

为了解决网格聚类算法中的输入参数和聚类结果不精确问题,提出了基于局部密度的动态生成网格聚类算法(DGLD).该算法使用动态生成网格技术能大幅度地减少数据空间中生成的网格单元的数量,并简化邻居的搜索过程;采用局部密度思想解决数据空间相邻部分对网格密度的影响,提高了聚类精度.该算法不需要用户输入参数,能识别任意形状的聚类并有效地去除噪声点.实验结果表明该算法是有效的.     

一种改进的模糊核聚类算法

为解决经典模糊聚类算法对噪声数据敏感、样本分布不平衡和高维数据集聚类效果不理想的问题。针对此不足,可以通过Mercer核把原来的数据空间映射到特征空间,并为特征空间的每个向量分配一个动态权值,从而在经典模糊聚类算法的基础上得到特征空间内的全新的目标函数。在基于核函数的模糊聚类算法中,核参数的选择是至关重要的。因此,提出了一个简单有效地决定核参数的方法。理论分析和实验结果表明,相对于其它经典模糊聚类算法,新算法具有更好的健壮性和聚类效果。     

旋转网格:一种新的聚类融合方法

网格聚类以网格为单位学习聚簇,速度快、效率高。但它过于依赖密度阂值的选择,并且构造的每个聚簇边界呈锯齿状,不能很好地识别平滑边界曲面。针对该问题,提出一种新的面向网格问题的聚类融合算法(RG) . RG不是通过随机抽样数据集或随机初始化相关参数来创建有差异的划分,而是随机地将特征划分为K个子集,使用特征变换得到K个不同的旋转变换基,形成新的特征空间,并将网格聚类算法应用于该特征空间,从而构建有差异的划分。实验表明,RU能够有效地划分任意形状、大小的数据集,并能有效地解决网格聚类过分依赖于密度阂值选择以及边界处理过于粗糙的问题,其精度明显高于单个网格聚类。     

基于多维网格空间的改进K-means聚类算法

K-means算法是被广泛使用的一种聚类算法,传统的K-means算法中初始聚类中心的选择具有随机性,易使算法陷入局部最优,聚类结果不稳定。针对此问题,引入多维网格空间的思想,首先将样本集映射到一个虚拟的多维网格空间结构中,然后从中搜索出包含样本数最多且距离较远的子网格作为初始聚类中心网格,最后计算出各初始聚类中心网格中所包含样本的均值点来作为初始聚类中心。此法选择出来的初始聚类中心与实际聚类中心拟合度高,进而可据此初始聚类中心稳定高效地得到最终的聚类结果。通过使用计算机模拟数据集和UCI机器学习数据集进行测试,结果表明改进算法的迭代次数和错误率比较稳定,且均小于传统K-means算法测试结果的平均值,能有效避免陷入局部最优,并且聚类结果稳定。     

一种基于网格框架下改进的多密度SNN聚类算法

针对数据集中数据分布密度不均匀以及存在噪声点,噪声点容易导致样本聚类时产生较大的偏差问题,提出一种基于网络框架下改进的多密度SNN聚类算法。网格化递归划分数据空间成密度不同的网格,对高密度网格单元作为类簇中心,利用网格相对密度差检测出在簇边界网格中包含噪声点;使用改进的SNN聚类算法计算边界网格内样本数据点的局部密度,通过数据密度特征分布对噪声点进行类簇分配,从而提高聚类算法的鲁棒性。在UCI高维的数据集上的实验结果表明,与传统的算法相比,该算法通过网格划分数据空间和局部密度峰值进行样本类簇分配,有效地平衡聚类效果和时间性能。     

滑动窗口内基于密度网格的数据流聚类算法

提出了一种基于密度网格的数据流聚类算法。通过引入“隶度”,对传统的基于网格密度的数据流聚类算法,以网格内数据点的个数作为网格密度的思想加以改进,解决了一个网格内属于两个类的数据点以及边界点的处理问题。从而既利用了基于网格算法的高效率,还较大程度地提高了聚类精度。     

基于网格密度的带有层次因子的聚类算法

基于网格和密度的聚类算法是一类很重要的聚类算法,但由于采用单调性搜索的方法,使得聚类结果并不十分理想,因此文中在GDD算法的基础上,提出了一种基于网格和密度的带有层次因子与距离因子的GDLD算法.GDLD算法将数据空间按要求划分成网格结构并计算网格密度,构建新的跃迁函数以达到形成有效聚类的目的.实验证明,该算法不仅能够发现任意形状的簇,而且使效率得到了很大的提高.同时层次因子既体现了簇的密度水平,也反映了簇密度的变化过程并使得算法参数更容易确定.     

一种能发现自然聚类的聚类算法 *

目前的聚类算法如K-means、DBSCAN等,采用全局参数而难以发现数据的自然聚类,提出一种新的分 级聚类算法CluFNC,能够在数据空间中发现内部聚类特征。该算法的参数包括网格大小、噪声阈值和神经节点 数量。算法首先根据参数对数据空间划分网格,接着使用高斯影响函数计算每个单元的场强,然后针对网格位 置和网格的场强使用SOM进行聚类,最后使用Chameleon算法对SOM聚类得到的神经网络节点的权值进行聚 类,并把聚类结果映射回原始数据空间以得到最终聚类结果。理论分析和实验结果证明,该算法能够发     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.