中国维吾尔族与汉族健康男性血清PSA和前列腺体积及PSA密度的比较研究

目的 比较我国维吾尔族、汉族不同年龄段健康男性血清PSA及前列腺体积和PSA密度(PSAD)水平,并分析年龄与上述指标的相关性. 方法 应用酶联免疫法测定1278名40岁以上健康男性的血清PSA水平,其中维吾尔族555人、汉族723人.40 ～49岁395人,50～59岁325人,60～69岁281人,≥70岁277人.应用经腹超声检查测定并计算前列腺体积和PSAD,分析两民族人群年龄、前列腺体积及PSAD之间的差异及相关性. 结果 ①40岁组维吾尔族人群PSA水平及前列腺体积分别为(0.69±0.50)μg/L、(22.83±8.20)ml,50岁组(0.87±0.52)μg/L、(25.30±9.27)ml,60岁组(1.08±0.56)μg/L、(27.68±13.10)ml,70岁组(2.39±0.99)μg/L、(36.36±18.71)ml.40岁组汉族人群PSA水平及前列腺体积分别为(1.01±0.83)μg/L、(23.01±7.57)ml,50岁组(1.26±0.80)μg/L、(27.23 ± 10.24)ml,60岁组(1.66±0.79)μg/L、(33.88±17.59)ml,70岁组(2.51±1.11)μg/L、(43.98±20.21)ml.维吾尔族人群各年龄组PSA水平及前列腺体积均低于汉族,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②40岁组维吾尔族、汉族人群PSAD分别为0.041±0.022、0.042±0.027,50岁组为0.039±0.027、0.040±0.031,60岁组为0.040±0.021、0.041±0.025,70岁组为0.039±0.020、0.040±0.029,各年龄组两民族人群之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③随年龄增长,血清PSA水平及前列腺体积逐渐升高,两族人群年龄、PSA及前列腺体积三者之间均存在相关性(P＜0.05),PSAD与年龄均无相关性(P＞0.05). 结论 维吾尔族、汉族健康男性血清PSA水平及前列腺体积均受到年龄及民族的影响,PSAD在不同民族及不同年龄之间均无差异.     

手术治疗的良性前列腺增生患者年龄与血清PSA、PSAD的关系分析

目的探讨手术治疗的良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者年龄与血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）及前列腺特异性抗原密度（PSAD）的关系。方法选取手术治疗的BPH患者共369例,按年龄段分为4组,对其血清PSA进行检测,并计算PSAD值,分析年龄和血清PSA、PSAD的关系。结果随年龄的增长,手术治疗的BPH患者PSA呈现逐渐增加趋势;而PSAD在各组间基本保持不变。结论手术治疗的BPH患者血清PSA值与患者年龄有显著的相关性,而PSAD却相对保持恒定。     

前列腺增生患者年龄、临床症状参数、前列腺体积与血清PSA的关系分析

目的 探讨前列腺增生(BPH)患者的年龄、临床症状参数、前列腺体积与血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)之间的关系.方法 采用SPSS 10.0软件总结并分析141例BPH患者年龄、临床症状参数、前列腺体积与血清PSA之间关系.结果 对患者年龄分组后显示前列腺总体积、移行区体积、血清PSA值随患者年龄增长而增加(P＜0.05);对患者血清PSA值分组后显示血清PSA值随前列腺总体积增加而升高(P＜0.01),血清PSA值随前列腺移行区体积增加而升高(P＜0.01).多元线性回归分析得出只有前列腺移行区体积与血清PSA值有相关性(P＜0.01),其他因素与血清PSA值之间均没有相关性(P＞0.05).结论 BPH患者前列腺总体积、移行区体积和血清PSA水平随患者年龄增长而增加.前列腺移行区体积是导致血清PSA值变化的最主要因素.     

新疆维吾尔族汉族健康人群不同年龄段血清PSA水平比较

目的:探讨血清PSA水平在新疆维吾尔族、汉族正常人群不同年龄段的变化。方法:在健康体检中随机抽取405名17岁以上成年男性,均摒除泌尿及生殖系疾病,近半年内未做过经尿道及前列腺相关检查。抽取清晨空腹血样,采用双抗体放射免疫分析试剂盒检测血清总PSA水平。结果:除17~20岁组维族血清PSA显著高于汉族(P<0.05),其余维、汉健康男性不同年龄段血清PSA水平差异均无统计学意义。但随着年龄增长,维、汉健康男性血清PSA水平均逐渐升高,与年龄呈正相关,50岁以下年龄段PSA水平维族均高于汉族,差异无统计学意义;≥51岁年龄段血清PSA汉族高于维族,但差异无统计学意义。结论:血清PSA水平受到年龄及民族的影响而有差异。     

血清前列腺特异性抗原检测预测良性前列腺增生并发急性尿潴留的应用价值

目的 探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检测预测良性前列腺增生(BPH)并发急性尿潴留(AUR)的应用价值,为BPH并发AUR的临床治疗和预后提供参考.方法 选取本院2013年1月～ 2014年12月收治住院治疗的289例BPH患者的临床资料,其中并发AUR者183例(AUR组),未并发AUR者106例(非AUR组).比较两组患者总血清前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)、tPSA/年龄、前列腺体积(PV)及PSA密度(PSAD)水平的差异;分析两组患者不同tP-SA、PV及PSAD水平的分布率.结果 AUR组tPSA、tPSA/年龄、PV及PSAD均大于非AUR组,两组比较差异均有显著性统计学意义(P＜0.01).Sperman's相关性分析表明,tPSA、tP-SA/年龄及PSAD间存在正相关性(r=0.921,P＜0.05);tPSA与PV间呈正相关性(r=0.920,P ＜0.05).随着tPSA、PV及PSAD水平的逐渐增加,AUR的发生率逐渐升高.结论 PSA的检测可作为BPH并发AUR的预测指标,值得临床推广应用.临床检测中应结合tPSA/年龄、PV及PSAD等结果综合考虑.     

PSA值增高患者前列腺液细胞学检查的临床意义

目的研究PSA值增高患者的前列腺液脱落细胞学检查诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法 86例PSA值增高的患者在行经直肠前列腺穿刺活检前获取前列腺液,进行瑞氏染色和脱落细胞学分级,并行前列腺液中的白细胞计数。同时比较不同的细胞学病理分级的患者之间年龄、PSA值、前列腺总体积（TPV）和获取的前列腺液体积的差异。用Spearman相关分析和非参数检验分析白细胞与患者年龄、PSA、前列腺体积等的关系。结果在脱落细胞学分级1~4级与5级之间PSA值比较有显著性差异。前列腺液的体积和白细胞总数与前列腺体积呈显著性相关,非前列腺癌患者比前列腺癌患者的前列腺体积、白细胞密度和总数显著增高,且血清PSA值与前列腺液中白细胞密度存在正相关性。结论前列腺液脱落细胞学检查是诊断前列腺癌的一种有效方法,尤其是在患者具有较高的PSA值的时候,具有无创性及较高的敏感性和特异性。非前列腺癌患者的PSA值增高可能与前列腺液中的白细胞增高有关。     

前列腺特异性抗原异常患者前列腺液细胞学检查的临床分析

目的 研究PSA值增高患者前列腺液脱落细胞学检查诊断前列腺癌的临床分析及前列腺液中白细胞状态对血清PSA的影响.方法 130例PSA值增高患者在行经直肠前列腺穿刺活检前,行直肠指检按摩获取前列腺液,进行瑞氏染色和脱落细胞学分级,并行前列腺液中的白细胞计数.方差分析PSA水平在不同脱落细胞学分级之间的差异,采用Spearman相关分析检验前列腺液体积、白细胞密度和白细胞总数与患者的tPSA、fPSA、年龄、前列腺体积的相关性,行t检验或Wilcoxon 秩和检验比较前列腺癌和非前列腺癌组tPSA、fPSA、年龄、前列腺液体积、前列腺液中的白细胞密度、白细胞总数、前列腺体积的差异. 结果 病理学结果显示前列腺癌77例(59.2％),非前列腺癌53例(40.8％).脱落细胞分级Ⅰ ～Ⅴ级分别为28例(21.5％),32例(24.6％),22例(16.9％),36例(27.7％),12例(9.2％).脱落细胞学检查特异性为100％.在PSA≥20 μg/L的患者中,具有较高的敏感性(10/16,62.5％).在脱落细胞学分级Ⅰ～Ⅳ级之间PSA值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Ⅰ～Ⅳ级与Ⅴ级之间PSA值比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).前列腺液体积和白细胞总数与前列腺体积呈显著性相关,非前列腺癌患者的前列腺体积、白细胞密度和总数显著高于前列腺癌患者,且其血清PSA值与前列腺液中的白细胞密度呈正相关性. 结论 PSA值增高患者行前列腺液脱落细胞学检查诊断前列腺癌是一种有效的方法,尤其在患者PSA值较高时.非前列腺癌患者的PSA值增高可能与前列腺液中的白细胞增高有关.     

年龄、前列腺体积对前列腺增生PSA的影响

采用相关分析法研究了68例前列腺增生患者血清PSA浓度与患者年龄及前列腺体积关系,发现年龄与血PSA浓度显著相关,r=0.32,P<0.01;前列腺体积与血PSA浓度显著相关,r=0.58,P<0.01。用逐步回归分析年龄及前列腺体积对血PSA影响得回归方程PSA=0.58x前列腺体积,表明前列腺体积为血PSA的主要影响因素。     

PSA相关标志物在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨在前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)灰区(PSA 4～10ng/mL)患者中,血清总PSA及游离PSA比值(f/tPSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和(f/t) PSA/PSAD值对穿刺病理结果的诊断价值.方法 回顾2008年1月至2016年3月本院接受经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导下前列腺穿刺的患者929例,对其中249例PSA 4～ 10 ng/mL患者的临床资料进行了整理分析.根据病理结果,分为前列腺癌组(PCa组)38例(15.26％),前列腺增生组(BPH组)211例(84.74％).对患者年龄、tPSA、f/tPSA、体积、PSAD、(f/t) PSA/PSAD值进行统计学分析.结果 两组患者的年龄水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在f/tPSA、体积、(f/t) PSA/PSAD水平,BPH组大于PCa组;在tPSA、PSAD水平,PCa组大于BPH组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PCa组患者中f/tPSA或PSAD异常者32例,占84.21％:BPH组中f/tPSA或PSAD异常者110例,占52.13％,差异有统计学意义(X2=13.52,P ＜0.005).结论 f/tPSA和PSAD异常对PSA灰区的患者是否行前列腺穿刺具有指导意义.如果f/tPSA和PSAD结果相矛盾,f/tPSA联合PSAD、PSAD联合(f/t) PSA/PSAD的诊断价值相对较高.     

新疆伊犁地区维、哈、汉族良性前列腺增生患者前列腺等离子电切术疗效的比较

目的比较新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族前列腺增生(BPH)患者等离子电切的疗效。方法研究695例新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族行前列腺手术的患者,对患者前列腺的体积、国际前列腺症状(IPSS)评分、生活质量评分、尿流率、手术时间、术后恢复及并发症的发生情况进行比较研究。结果维、哈、汉族3组患者前列腺体积分别为(62±13)g、(65±16)g、(46±11)g,手术时间分别为(70±21)min、(75±16)min、(40±10)min,术前IPSS评分分别为(23.4±3.9)分、(22.8±3.1)分、(27.5±4.3)分,尿流率分别为(8.1±2.5)mL/s、(8.6±3.1)mL/s、(6.1±1.9)mL/s,生活质量评分分别为(3.5±1.2)分、(3.8±1.6)分、(4.5±0.8)分,通过统计分析,发现这些指标在汉族与维、哈族之间存在差异(P<0.05),维、哈族之间不存在差异(P>0.05);术中术后并发症、术后恢复指标各组没有明显差异(P>0.05)。结论新疆伊犁地区前列腺增生患者汉族与维、哈族之间存在差异,等离子电切在治疗各民族患者良性前列腺增生症中具有很好的疗效。     

TUVRP与TURP术中前列腺组织耗损量的比较

目的探讨以切除的前列腺组织的重量来评价在经尿道前列腺汽化切割术（TUVRP）及经尿道前列腺切除术（TURP）中前列腺切除的彻底性。方藩比较52例良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者两种术式中前列腺组织耗损比率及对前列腺偶发癌（IDPC）的检出率的影响，其中行TUVRP25例，行TURP27例。结呆TUVRP组及TURP组术中前列腺组织的耗损比率分别为（70±12）％和（48±7）％，两者有显著性差异（Z=5．489，P〈0．001）；TUVRP组及TURP组中IDPC的检出率分别为4．0％和11．1％，两者无显著性差异（x^2=0．194，P=0．659）。结论可用切除的前列腺组织的重量来评价两种术式中前列腺切除的彻底性；组织的耗损会对IDPC的检出率造成一定的影响。     

Comparison of prostate secretory protein with prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase as a serum biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring patients with prostate carcinoma

Serum prostate secretory protein (PSP) levels were measured in 49 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 144 patients with various stages of prostatic carcinoma (CaP), and 82 CaP patients who were followed serially. PSP values were compared with serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). In the BPH group, PSP was elevated (> 10 ng/ml) in 41% of patients, whereas PSA (> 4 ng/ml) and PAP (> 3.3 ng/ml) were elevated in 39% and 23% of the cases, respectively. PSP levels were elevated in 48% of the CaP pretreatment specimens, compared to 79% for PSA and 40% for PAP. PSP levels in cancer patients who had intracapsular disease were about two to three times higher than those observed for PAP. PSP was found to be the only marker elevated in eight (6%) pretreatment CaP patient serum specimens, while PAP was never found to be elevated when PSA was normal. PSP serum concentrations correlated with the clinical course of the disease in 79% of patients, compared with 90% for PSA and 66% for PAP. In certain patients, monitored over time, disease correlation was reflected in serum values with only a single biomarker, i.e., 1% with PAP, 8% with PSP, and 10% with PSA. This study has shown that PSP is a less sensitive serum biomarker than PSA, but more sensitive than PAP for detection and monitoring the early stages of prostate cancer. This suggests that PSP as a biomarker may be a useful adjunct for the management of a subpopulation of low-stage and -grade CaP. © 1993 Wilcy-Liss, Inc.     

Influence of prostate volume and percent free prostate specific antigen on prostate cancer detection in men with a total prostate specific antigen of 2.6 to 10.0 ng/ml

PURPOSE: Percent free prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density have been independently shown to increase the specificity of prostate cancer screening in men with prostate specific antigen levels between 4.1 and 10.0 ng/ml. Recent data suggest the total prostate specific antigen cutoff for performing a biopsy should be 2.6 ng/ml. We assessed the influence of percent free prostate specific antigen and prostate volume on cancer detection in men with a prostate specific antigen between 2.6 and 10.0 ng/ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1991 to 2005 all transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies (5,587) for abnormal digital rectal examination and/or increased age specific prostate specific antigen were evaluated. A total of 1,072 patients with a prostate specific antigen between 2.6 and 10.0 ng/ml and any percent free prostate specific antigen were included in study. The cancer detection rate was calculated for each percent free prostate specific antigen/volume stratum. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was detected in 296 patients (27.6%). The mean age and prostate specific antigen of the patients with benign pathology and prostate cancer were similar. Mean percent free prostate specific antigen was 17.5% and 14.1% (p>0.05), and the mean volume was 62.0 and 46.0 cc (p=0.001), respectively. The strongest risk factors for a positive biopsy were percent free prostate specific antigen (odds ratio 0.004, p<0.001), volume (OR 0.977, p<0.001) and digital rectal examination (OR 1.765, p=0.007), but not total prostate specific antigen (p=0.303). When stratified by volume and percent free prostate specific antigen, distinct risk groups were identified. The probability of detecting cancer inversely correlated with prostate volume and percent free prostate specific antigen. CONCLUSIONS: In men with prostate specific antigen levels between 2.6 and 10.0 ng/ml, the probability of detecting cancer was inversely proportional to prostate volume and percent free prostate specific antigen. This table may assist in predicting patient risk for harboring prostate cancer.     

f-PSA/t-PSA和c-PSA/t-PSA比值对于前列腺癌与良性前列腺增生鉴别诊断意义的多中心研究

目的 探讨f-PSA/t-PSA和c-PSA/t-PSA比值在前列腺癌(PCa)与良性前列腺增生(BPH)鉴别诊断中的作用.方法 对5家医院107例PCa患者和319例BPH患者的血清总前列腺特异性抗原(t-PSA)、游离前列腺特异性抗原(f-PSA)、结合前列腺特异性抗原(c-PSA)进行检测,计算f-PSA/t-PSA和c-PSA/t-PSA,对f-PSA/t-PSA和c-PSA/t-PSA在鉴别PCa和BPH中的作用进行比较.结果 血清t-PSA处于4-20ng/ml区间时,以f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16作为诊断PCa的标准,诊断PCa的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别是89.0%、78.0%、60.7%和94.6%,以c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84作为诊断PCa的标准时,分别是91.8%、81.3%、66.3%和96.1%.f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16和c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84两项标准诊断PCa的敏感度和阴性预测值无统计学差异(P＞0.05),但c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84诊断PCa其特异度和阳性预测值显著高于f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16的标准(P＜0.05).结论 血清t-PSA在4～20ng/ml区间时,f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16和c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84都可以为PCa的诊断提供帮助,但c-PSA/t-PSA＞0.84诊断PCa的特异度和阳性预测值好于f-PSA/t-PSA＜0.16的标准.     

Biosynthesis and localization of inhibin in human prostate

Inhibin biosynthesis by human prostatic tissue was investigated in vitro. Serum levels of inhibin as well as tissue concentrations in different cells and zones of the normal and benign hyperplastic prostates were determined. Immunocytochemical localization of inhibin identified the involvement of epithelial but not stromal cells in the synthesis and release of prostatic inhibin into the circulation. The endocrine and paracrine functions of prostatic inhibin remain to be elucidated.     

Prostate specific antigen in a community-based sample of men without prostate cancer: Correlations with prostate volume,age, body mass index,and symptoms of prostatism

The correlation between both prostate specific antigen levels (PSA) and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) and age, prostate volume parameters, body mass index, and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were studied in a community-based population. A sample of 502 men aged 55 through 74 years was evaluated, excluding those with a serum PSA above 10 ng/ml, those with biopsy proven prostate cancer, and those who had previously undergone a prostate operation. PSA and PSAD did not correlate with the body mass index. Weak correlations were found between PSA and age (r = 0.25; P < 0.001), PSAD and age (r = 0.17; P < 0.001) and between PSA and the total prostate volume (r = 0.58; P < 0.001). PSA did not correlate independently with age after adjustment for volume (P = 0.22). The finding that PSAD correlates with age (r = 0.17; P < 0.001) is partly explained by the incomplete volume adjustment of PSAD which is proved by the positive correlation between PSAD and prostate volume (r = 0.26; P < 0.001). In the main target age-range for prostate cancer screening there is a poor basis for the use of age-specific reference values or volume adjustment for PSA levels in order to increase the clinical usefulness of this serum marker. Comparison of the results of the present study and studies conducted in others regions shows that there may be significant differences in PSA values per age stratum. Further studies are needed to clarify the reasons for these differences. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Carcinoma of the prostate: clinical and pathological staging and prognosis

Clinical and pathological staging furnishes valuable information upon which the clinician can base his treatment and compare results. Staging refinements occur as we learn more about the natural history of the disease and the efficacy of our treatment. We observed that clinical stage B patients with minimal (less than twice normal) elevation of the serum acid phosphatase have similar pathologic stage B (75%) and disease-free survival rates following total prostatectomy as stage B patients with normal acid phosphatases. Intraglandular crystalloids were found in 26% of clinical stage B patients treated by total prostatectomy, and none of this subgroup of patients has had a recurrence of disease. Pathologic staging frequently confirms the presence of a greater extent of tumor than was clinically anticipated. In general, prognosis for patients with a small tumor mass will be more favorable than that for patients with a large tumor mass. Staging permits the estimation of prognosis of groups of patients with similar tumor burdens; however, the survival of an individual within any such group is unpredictable.     

PSA"灰区"值时前列腺癌组织中Trp-p8的表达及意义

目的 研究Trp-p8蛋白在PSA"灰区"前列腺组织中的表达规律,探讨其在前列腺癌(PCa)早期诊断中的作用.方法 通过免疫组织化学的方法研究了28例PSA"灰区"前列腺组织中Trp-p8蛋白的表达情况,其中前列腺增生症(BPH)和PCa标本各14例,采用图文数据成像分析系统判定各组织中Trp-p8蛋白的表达强度,分析其差异性.结果 BPH中Trp-p8蛋白的表达强度较弱,呈不表达或微量表达.在PCa组织中Trp-p8蛋白均呈不同程度的阳性表达,这种表达差异具有统计学意义.结论 Trp-p8在PSA"灰区"前列腺组织中的表达存在差异,在PCa组织中Trp-p8蛋白的表达强度高于BPH组织,这种差异性表达对于早期PCa诊断具有重要意义.     

Comparative analysis of complexed prostate specific antigen, free prostate specific antigen and their ratio in detecting prostate cancer

PURPOSE: We evaluate the diagnostic use of total, free and complexed serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), and their ratios for enhancing the specificity in detecting prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 354 nonconsecutive men undergoing prostate biopsy were eligible for this retrospective and prospective study. Cancer was found in 122 of these 354 men (34%). Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were used to calculate and compare the performance of total PSA (Hybritech, San Diego California and Bayer, Tarrytown, New York), complexed PSA (Bayer), percent complexed PSA and percent free PSA. In addition, sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared. RESULTS: The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was highest for percent free PSA, followed by percent complexed PSA, complexed PSA and the 2 total PSA assays (Hybritech and Bayer). The cutoff value of 3.45 ng./ml. for complexed PSA detected the same number of cancers and resulted in 1 additional false-positive case compared with a Hybritech total PSA threshold of 4.0 ng./ml. At sensitivities of 80% to 95%, there were no significant differences for detection comparing the corresponding specificities between Hybritech total PSA and complexed PSA for all 354 men. Complexed PSA alone did not enhance the overall diagnostic accuracy compared with percent free PSA in the Hybritech total PSA range between 4.01 and 6.00 ng./ml., between 6.01 and 10.00 ng./ml., and between 2.50 and 6.00 ng./ml. At sensitivities of 80% to 95% specificity of percent complexed PSA was almost identical to that of percent free PSA except for the Hybritech total PSA range less than or equal to 4.00 ng./ml. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests complexed PSA is equivalent to total PSA for the early detection of prostate cancer. Percent free PSA outperforms complexed PSA and percent complexed PSA performed equivalently to percent free PSA in all total PSA ranges analyzed between 2.5 and 10 ng./ml.