台湾稻螟的生物学特性及防治研究

台湾稻螟在南宁市郊区一年发生５～６个世代，主要以第二代、第四代（或第五代）危害早晚稻。卵历期４．５～８天，幼虫期１８～３０天，蛹历期５～１０天，成虫寿命２～６天。在幼虫孵化始盛期用化学农药进行防治，防治效果可达８５％以上。     

黑纹粉蝶的生物学

黑纹粉蝶PierismeleteMenetries是江西山区十字花科蔬菜上的重要害虫，目前只发现在萝卜、白菜和芥菜上为害，以幼虫取食叶片和荚果。该虫在江西一年发生2～4代，春季1代，以蛹越夏，秋季1～3代，以蛹越冬。由于越夏代成虫的羽化期和产卵期长，导致了世代重叠。雌虫寿命一般7～15d，每雌产卵量可达200粒；卵单产于叶片背面，卵期3～8d；幼虫期12～26d；非滞育的蛹期7～24d，越夏的蛹期104～178d，越冬的蛹期97～157d。     

福建果树新害虫——桃小食心虫的研究

１９８７年福建首次发现桃小食心虫严重蛀害李果，是福建果树害虫新记录。１９９０－１９９３年的研究表明，该虫在福建永泰李产区１年主要发生１代，以老熟幼虫在土中结冬茧越冬。卵期７．７天；幼虫期长达１０个月左右；蛹期１３．４天；雌蛾产卵前期４．６天，产卵量８１．２粒；雌蛾奉命１１．４天，雄蛾９．７天。４月中旬为越冬幼虫出土盛期。４月下旬至５月上旬为成虫羽化盛期。５月上中旬为第一代幼虫孵化蛀果盛期。第一代少     

扁豆小灰蝶的生物学特性及其防治研究

扁豆小灰蝶在湖南洪江全年可发生８～９代，主要以蛹和部分幼虫在扁豆残株等处越冬。一～四代幼虫在４～７月先后为害豌豆，长江豆，豇豆和扁豆，四代后８～１１月集中为害扁豆。该虫完成一代需３０～５０ｄ，卵期５～８ｄ，幼虫期１５～２５ｄ，前蛹和蛹期８～１１ｄ，成虫寿命２～５ｄ。卵主要产在花萼和花蕾上，少数产在幼荚处。幼虫蛀食花蕾和豆夹，并能转蕾和转夹蛀害。老熟幼虫在地面杂草，落叶或土缝中化蛹。在卵盛孵期喷施８０％敌敌畏８００倍液，２．５％敌杀死１５００倍液和２５％杀虫双２００倍液，防治效果分别为８５．７％～８７．８％、８７，２％～８８．８％和８０％～８１．３％。     

台湾稻暝的生物学特性及防治研究

台湾稻暝在南宁市郊区一年发生５￣６个世代，主要以第二代，第四代（或第五代）危害早晚稻。卵历期４．５￣８天，幼虫期１８￣３０天，蛹历期５￣１０天，成虫寿命２￣６天，在幼虫孵化始盛期用化学农药进行防治，防治效果可达８５％以上。     

瑞丽桔小实蝇、瓜实蝇生物学特性的观察

在瑞丽，桔小实蝇一年发生5－6代，以第5代和第6代成虫越冬，完成一个世代需要120－150天。瓜实蝇一年发生7－8代，以第7代和第8代成虫越冬，完成一个世代需要90－120天。温度影响卵、幼虫及蛹的历期，湿度影响羽化率。用不同寄主饲养桔小实蝇，其产卵量、孵化率、幼虫成活率及幼虫历期具明显差异。     

松毛虫小盾寄蝇发生初步观察

松毛虫小盾寄蝇 Nemosturmia amoena 是草地螟的主要寄生天敌。寄生率可达8.4%(室内饲养记载)是一个主要天敌种群。松毛虫小盾寄蝇在雁北区一年发生一代,以围蛹在草地螟幼虫体内越冬。翌年6月上旬羽化成蝇,刚羽化有寻找阴暗处避光的习性,随即取食(作物上的分泌物和露水),成虫飞翔力强。大量取食后交尾,交尾时间1～3分钟,卵犬部产在作物上部嫩叶上,卵期8～10天。6月18～20日孵化为幼虫,幼虫附着力强。当第一代草地螟发生为害时,松毛虫小盾寄蝇的幼虫附着在害虫体壁上并侵入体腔进行寄生,(在寄主体内1～3龄)幼虫期长达60天。8月底至9月初寄蝇幼虫在草地螟寄主体内化蛹,围蛹期达10     

大突肩瓢虫生物学及田间种群消长研究

大突肩瓢虫Synonycha grandis(Thunberg）在云南开远1年发生4代，以成虫在蔗茎老叶鞘内越冬。日均温26.6-27.8℃下，卵期3－4天，幼虫期9－12天，预肾期1天，肾期4－5天，成虫产卵前期20－25天，1个世代历期37－46天；日均温24.5-25.5℃下，卵期5－9天，幼虫期14－21天，预肾期1－2天，蛹期5－8天，成虫产卵前期25－30天，1个世代历期45－55天。（第4代）（越冬代）各虫态历期延长，全代历期长达250余天。成虫、幼虫均捕食甘蔗绵蚜。大突肩瓢虫田间种群:6妆开始在蔗田出现，8－10月种群数量明显增长，11月间形成高峰，12月开始越冬。     

菜粉蝶的发生为害调查及测报方法探讨

菜粉蝶Pieris rapae（Linnaeus）在梧州市1a发生7～8代，该虫主要发生危害时期为春、秋两季.在高温的5～7月卵的孵化率较低，一般为10%～30%.当田间橙黄色卵粒数达总卵量数30%之后2～3d即为幼虫盛发期;以小白菜为例，其防治指标是：苗期1000～1 500头幼虫/667m^2，成株期～中后期20～30头幼虫/百株。     

东方粉蝶生物学的观察

东方粉蝶是十字花科蔬菜上的重要害虫,在铜鼓县一年发生6—8代,以蛹越冬,卵期3—5天。幼虫期,第1代16—18天,第2～6代11—13天,第7～8代18—20天,11月为25天。蛹期5～10月中旬为7～10天,10月底～11月初为12～18天,越冬蛹128～174天,成虫寿命,雄为3—4天,雌为7—8天,产卵量150粒左右。文中对该虫的形态作了描述和绘图。防治时,给合人工捕采幼虫和卵粒,田间施药可用2.5％敌杀死剂2500—3000倍液、90％敌百虫1000倍液、50％马拉硫磷或敌敌畏800—1000倍液,防治效果很好。     

双齿锤角叶蜂生物学特性及药剂防治

双齿锤角叶蜂（Odontocimbex svenhediniMalaise）是近年发生于甘肃天水刺五加（Acanthopanax senticosus）的一种食叶新害虫,其寄主刺五加是首次报道。该虫1年发生1代,翌年4月上旬越冬预蛹开始化蛹,4月中旬成虫羽化,下旬开始产卵,卵产于叶背面或正面主脉周围叶表皮下,卵期9~11 d;幼虫食叶为害,共5龄,6月上旬至7月中旬为猖獗为害期,6月下旬幼虫开始老熟,老熟幼虫于寄主或周围非寄主植物枝条结茧越夏越冬。5月中下旬3龄前幼虫期,用25%灭幼脲悬浮剂1 500倍液,防效达95%以上。用3%高渗苯氧威乳油或1.8%阿维菌素乳油5 000 倍液,防治3龄后幼虫,防效达92%以上。     

The residual effect of a neem seed kernel extract sprayed on fodder beet against larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis

The residual effect of a dried methanolic extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed kernels was investigated with larvae of the Egyptian cotton leafworm,Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), in field trials. Fodder beet was sprayed with 1% emulsions of the extract. The treated leaves were collected from the field 1, 3, 5 and 9 days after spraying and offered to the larvae for 48 h. Survival and mean weight of the larvae were recorded 2, 4, 6, 9 and 11 days from the start of exposure to the residues, and rate of pupation was calculated. The extract had a strong antifeedant effect and an intense insect growth-regulating (IGR) effect in field-treated leaves, especially with the 1- and 3-day-old residues. A positive correlation was found between the age of the residues and the mean percent of live larvae, larval weight and pupation rate of the larvae.     

贵州烟仓害虫天敌种类及优势种的生物学特性

对贵阳地区的烟仓害虫天敌种类进行了调查.结果表明,其天敌共有11种,隶属3纲、7目、10科;优势种天敌为麦蛾柔茧蜂、米象金小蜂.麦蛾柔茧蜂完成一代夏季为9～13d,秋季为13～18d,一年发生世代数可达10代以上;成虫寿命12～17d.将采集的烟草粉斑螟幼虫于室内饲养,麦蛾柔茧蜂的出蜂率为46.0%;在烟仓的墙壁、过道和烟包表层,麦蛾柔茧蜂对烟草粉斑螟的平均寄生率达61.0%.米象金小蜂完成一代需30～33d,发生世代数3代;成虫寿命为10～15d.在烟仓,该蜂对烟草甲幼虫和蛹的寄生率分别为24.53%～33.70%、42.59%～61.64%.米象金小蜂对寄主烟草甲的跟随现象明显.     

桑皱鞘叶甲生物学特性及综合防治

桑皱鞘叶甲是桑树春叶期的重要害虫，在江西修水县2年发生1代，以成虫和中等大小的幼虫在桑园土下15－60cm深处的土室内越冬，越冬成虫于次年4月下旬至5月上旬大量出土并繁殖为害，为害高峰期为4月底到6月中旬。幼虫分布范围为土下10－65cm，其中以30－50cm最多。当年孵化的幼虫至11月中下旬开始越冬，次年3月中下旬继续取食和生长，9月上旬至10月中旬化蛹，9月下旬至11月底羽化并静伏于土室内过冬。在自然条件下各虫态发育历期为：卵期9－10d，幼虫期15－16个月，蛹期16－19d。成虫寿命8－9个月，其中土下蛰伏6－7个月，出土生活2－3个月。可用昆虫病原线虫压低土中幼虫密度及成虫高峰期施用杀虫剂，并辅以人工防治的方法防治该虫。     

Optimization of production of nucleopolyhedrovirus ofHelicoverpa armigera throughout larval stages

Studies were carried out to optimize production of nucleopolyhedrovirus of American bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), by treating larvae individually with an inoculum dose that allowed maximal larval growth and also gave the highest occlusion bodies (OB) yield/larva. The maximum virus yield of 12.2x 10⁹ OB/larva was obtained when 6-day-old larvae were fed individually with a dose of 1 x 10³ OB. Topical spiracular treatment of larvae as old as 8 days with 10 μ of 2x 10⁷ OB ml^-1 gave the highest yield, of 15.2x 10⁹ OB from 13-day-old larvae, of 12.8x 10⁸ OB from prepupae and of 1.49x 10⁸ OB from pupae at the time of their death. These studies showed that dietary inoculum is the best route for 6-day-old larvae and topical spiracular treatment is the best for 8-day-old larvae.     

Toxicity of the chitin synthesis inhibitors,diflubenzuron and its dichloro-analogue,to Spodoptera littoralis larvae

The activities of the chitin synthesis inhibitors, diflubenzuron and PH 60–38, against Spodoptera littoralis larvae were assayed by feeding treated alfalfa or poisoned wheat bran baits, by allowing the larvae to imbibe sucrose-containing aqueous dispersions of the compounds, and by injection into larvae. PH 60–38 was less active than diflubenzuron. On alfalfa, diflubenzuron had to be fed for at least 2 days to prevent formation of normal pupae and emergence of adults. For very big (480–540 mg) larvae, feeding diflubenzuron at concentrations of 50 mg/litre for 2 days or 2.5 mg/litre for 3 days prevented adult emergence. For 200–250 mg larvae, this was achieved by feeding concentrations of 100 mg/litre for 2 days, 5 mg/litre for 3 days or 3.5 mg/litre for 4 days. In all larvae > 150 mg, mortality in feeding experiments occurred in the prepupal or the pupal stage. Only with 30–50 mg and 100–150 mg larvae was there considerable mortality during moults between larval instars, the larvae being unable to liberate themselves from the old larval skins and head capsules. Diflubenzuron incorporated into wheat bran baits at concentrations of from 2.5 to 10 000 μg/g killed approximately 70–90% of the insects. When imbibed, diflubenzuron was much less toxic as a wettable powder than as a liquid formulation but the two formulations were equitoxic when injected into the larvae.     

Preliminary observation of the susceptibility of some freshwater snails to the infection with Varestrongylus sagittatus (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae).

Under laboratory conditions, the freshwater snails Galba truncatula Müll.), Radix peregra (Müll.) and Planorbarius corneus (L.) have been successfully infected with the first stage larvae of the protostrongylid nematode Varestrongylus sagittatus (Mueller, 1890) Dougherty, 1945. The net rate of the infection (mean number of larvae per snail examined - l/s) was 6.2 l/s in R. peregra and 3.5 l/s in P. corneus. G. truncatula was susceptible to the infection too (36.3 l/s). However, this result can be considered as pilot only, because of the low number of the specimens of this species examined. At 25 degrees C 50% of V. sagittatus larvae reached the 3-rd stage of development by 12.5 days post infection (DPI) in R. peregra and by 17.8 DPI in P. corneus. It was confirmed that the snail species of the Basommatophora that were studied can act as intermediate hosts of the nematode V. sagittatus under laboratory conditions.     

云南锦斑蛾 Achelura yunnanensis 生物学特性及发生规律的初步研究

云南锦斑蛾Achelura yunnanensis是近几年在云南樱花Cerasus serrula上发生的一种食叶性害虫。本文通过林间调查和人工饲养相结合的方法,首次明确了云南锦斑蛾的生活史和发生规律。云南锦斑蛾在昆明地区一年发生1～2代,以老熟幼虫越冬。翌年4月下旬成虫陆续羽化,将卵散产于寄主植物树干的树皮缝或皮孔处,卵期15～17 d,6月上旬幼虫孵化,幼虫多为8龄(44%)、9龄(47%),少数10龄(9%)。低龄幼虫食量较小,高龄幼虫食量大增,有吐丝下树转移为害的习性。9月下旬老熟幼虫在小枝或枯枝落叶层结茧越冬,越冬期长达6个月。成虫飞翔能力弱,具有较弱的趋光性。     

Dietary TH 6040 alters composition and enzyme activity of housefly larval cuticle

Housefly larvae of 2 days of age were allowed to grow in media containing 0, 0.4, 1.0, or 2.5 ppm TH 6040[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-urea] for 3 days prior to analysis of the cuticle for structural components (chitin and protein) or enzymes important in cuticle formation (chitinase and phenoloxidase). As the TH 6040 concentration is increased, the amount of chitin is progressively reduced such that, at 2.5 ppm TH 6040, the level is only 25% of normal. The amount of cuticle protein is unaffected so the protein: chitin ratio increases from 3.4 in the control larvae to 14.3 in 2.5 ppm-treated larvae, an alteration which probably affects the elasticity and firmness of the endocuticle. Dietary TH 6040 at 1.0 ppm increases the cuticle chitinase activity to about 180% and the cuticle phenoloxidase activity to 155% as compared with control larvae, with a further chitinase activity increase to 240% of normal at 2.5 ppm TH 6040. These enzyme changes are expected to hamper the build-up or maintenance of the cuticle chitin and enhance sclerotization of the exocuticle.