覆岩岩性与开采影响传播方向关系的研究

本文通过覆岩岩性与开采影响传播方向关系的研究，论述了覆岩岩性与地表最大下沉值的密切关系，为“三下”开采予计地表最大下沉值的位置和量值，优化设计和地表客体保护以及井下安全生产提出理论依据。     

二维地震勘探在盐矿塌陷预测中的应用

水溶开采诱发地表塌陷是盐矿开采中常见的地质灾害现象。为了有效地预防地面塌陷而引起的安全事故和环境灾害的发生,必须查明塌陷原因,对可能的塌陷范围进行提前预警。因此,在盐矿开采区开展了系统性的二维地震勘查,在圈定的异常区发生地面塌陷,直接证明了地震勘探成果的准确性。从2012年1月1日预测到塌陷隐患至2012年4月12日塌陷发生,地震勘探预报塌陷整整提前了102天。因此,二维地震勘探可以准确地预测采卤溶腔的安全性,这为盐矿矿山企业的开采设计提供了依据。     

华丰煤矿采动覆岩移动变形与治理的研究

在分析华丰矿区地质开采环境特征的基础上，探讨了采动覆岩移动特征及冲击地压和地表斑裂产生的机理，提出了相应的防治措施，为矿井开采灾害的环境治理提供了依据。     

近松散层疏放开采的水文地质条件改造研究

阐述了水地质条件改造意义，结合太平煤矿近松散层疏放开采的实际水、地质条件，试验研究了矿井水地质条件，提出了地面供水井封堵和井下疏放结合的综合开采方案，阶段性地实现了第四系上组水的开采保护和井下安全生产，对进一步疏放开采亦具有重要的指导意义．     

深部极不充分开采非常规观测站预测参数求取

为了研究深部极不充分开采地表移动的规律及预测参数的求取方法,对比分析了煤矿区地表移动观测站预测参数识别方法,基于概率积分法和概率密度函数法,构建了单向极不充分开采非常规观测站曲面拟合函数模型。以云驾岭煤矿三采区首采面12303工作面开采为例,采用曲面拟合法求取了地表沉陷预测参数。结果表明:在非常规观测站布设条件下,曲面拟合求参法适合于该类地质采矿条件,地表下沉率为0.12,走向主要影响角正切值为0.5,倾斜下山方向主要影响角正切值为1.2,走向左、右拐点偏移距分别为0.46 H0和0.2 H0,而最大下沉点向下山方向偏移量很小。这对于指导建筑物下安全开采和矿区保护煤柱留设具有一定的参考价值。     

煤矿矸石井下处理的研究

针对煤矿矸石地表堆积对人类生存环境和条件带来的威胁与危害，研究了矸石井下处理技术．该项技术运用开采沉陷理论预计地表允许沉陷范围内充填区域矸石充填压实后残余空间的最大高度，确定矸石充填巷的布置；基于数值模拟方法分析了充填巷两侧煤柱应力分布、消除充填巷开掘时的“多洞效应”问题，优化矸石充填巷掘进顺序；设计了矸石充填工艺．此项技术在邢东矿井得到成功应用，实现了矸石井下处理与建筑物下煤炭资源的开采利用．     

大采深极不充分开采地表移动和变形规律实测研究

随着我国矿井开采深度的增加,工作面倾斜方向容易出现极不充分开采,深部开采条件下地表移动和变形规律与浅部开采条件下相比发生了较大变化.在对某矿地表移动观测数据处理的基础上,分析了极不充分开采地表移动和动态变形特征,计算了极不充分工作面开采程度和地表下沉盆地的范围,详细描述了极不充分开采地表变形特征以及拐点位置.对于指导相似地质条件下开采,解放建筑物下压滞的大量煤炭具有重要的实用价值和指导意义.     

采空区全张量微重力异常响应特征分析

采空区发生透水、地面沉降以及塌陷等问题不仅严重威胁着矿井的生产安全,还威胁地面人们的日常生活,因此探测地下采空区分布是非常必要的.本文建立了几种采空区和采空区塌陷的地质模型,模拟计算采空区和采空区塌陷在地表引起的全张量微重力异常响应,比较分析全张量微重力异常响应特征.模拟结果与理论分析是一致的,可为采空区或采空区塌陷的...     

特大型矿井持续开采的合理规模分析

基于我国特大型矿井生产现状分析，以济三煤矿为例，针对其煤层地质条件和开采技术条件，运用模糊综合评判方法，对未来10～15a要开采的114个工作面进行开采工艺性综合评价与分类．结合综合评价值和计算机模拟结果，构建了能综合反映“人-机-环境”三因素影响的单产预测新模型，并对114个工作面单产进行了预测．以此为依据，进行了工作面合理配置与矿井生产能力分析．结果表明：济三煤矿合理的生产规模为650万t／a．     

基于Origin的深部开采条件下地表移动预测研究

随着我国煤炭资源逐渐转向深部开采的发展趋势,开采沉陷带来了深部岩体变形问题和地表沉陷预测等技术难题.为了能更好地预测地表沉陷与深部岩石力学性质变化的关系,采用Origin曲线拟合函数中的非线性最小平方拟合来获得预测函数概率积分法参数,然后利用拟合出来的参数去分析和探讨深部开采地表沉陷规律,同时回归分析了所选预测函数模型及其效果.     

Influence of Underground Mining on Ground Surface and Railway Bridge Under Thick Alluvium

1 Introduction Ground surface movements, induced by under- ground mining as a kind of man-made geological ca- tastrophe, has been a major issue of geoenvironmental concern[1]. These not only destroy farm land and building structures but also influence the biological environment. Study of the pattern of mining-induced ground movements and its variation over time is very important for the protection of buildings. Up to now, some patterns of ground movement over mining areas have been known, but …     

煤矿塌陷区地基稳定性与承载力研究现状分析

煤矿塌陷区在我国分布较广泛,为了保证国家建设的需要和节约耕地,就必须对塌陷区土地进行科学开发和利用,使其恢复为建设用地.在综合分析大量文献的基础上,从老采空区的活化机理、地表沉陷与变形规律等方面,分析了煤矿塌陷区地基稳定性和承载力的研究现状.分析研究表明,提高塌陷区土地利用率的关键是需要准确分析和计算出地基的承载力.煤矿塌陷区地基稳定性和承载力研究,对于提高土地的利用率、保护耕地,促进我国经济和社会的协调和可持续发展等,具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义.     

Study of “3-Step Mining” Subsidence Control in Coal Mining Under Buildings

Mining subsidence damage is the main factor of restricting coal mining under buildings. To control or ease effectively the degree of mining subsidence and deformation is essential to resolve this problem. Through analyzing both advantages and disadvantages of some technologies such as mining with stowing, partial extraction and grouting in separated beds of overburden, we used the principle of load replacement and propose a “3-step mining” method, a new pattern of controlling mining subsidence, which consists of： strip mining, i.e. grouting to fill and consolidate the caving zone and retained strip pillar mining. The mechanism of controlling mining subsidence by using the “3-step mining” pattern is analyzed. The effect of the control is numerically simulated. The preliminary analysis shows that the “3-step mining” can effectively control ground subsidence and deformation. By using this method, the ground subsidence factor can be controlled to a value of about 0.25. Coal recovery can reach 80%-90%. Coal mining without removing surface buildins can be realized and the economic loss resultin from round subsidence can be greatly reduced.     

采动区地基、独立基础与框架结构共同作用的力学模型

根据采动区地表变形的规律和独立基础框架结构受力和变形特点，采用合理的地基模型、基础与上部结构共同作用模型和开采沉陷模型，综合应用结构力学、矿山开采沉陷学、土力学、材料力学等相关理论，建立了采动区地基-独立基础-框架结构共同作用的理论计算模型，该计算模型综合考虑了开采盆地形成过程中地表变形对建筑物的动态影响，从理论上揭示了建筑物位于下沉盆地不同位置时，地表变形与建筑物附加变形和附加内力的关系，并推导出计算采动区建筑物附加变形和附加内力的计算公式，通过计算实例进行了验证，为采动区上方框架结构建筑物的保护、加固和设计提供了理论计算依据．     

采动区铁路桥沉陷加固治理

根据煤矿采动区地表沉陷变形规律，建立合理的数值计算模型，研究地下开采引起的地表移动变形对原设计的桥体结构和地基产生的附加内力和附加变形规律，提出了有效地加固治理方案，确保在采动引起的地表不均匀、大幅度沉陷过程中桥体的安全可靠和正常使用。     

Waste-filling in fully-mechanized coal mining and its application

A fully-mechanized coal mining (FMCM) technology capable of filling up the goaf with wastes (including solid wastes)is described. Industrial tests have proved that by using this technology not only can waste be re-used but also coal resources can be exploited with a higher recovery rate without removing buildings located over the working faces. Two special devices, a hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor, run side-by-side on the same working face to simultaneously realize mining and filling. These are described in detail. The tests allow analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence when backfilling techniques are employed.These values are compared to those from mining without using backfilling techniques, under the same geological conditions. The concept of equivalent mining height is proposed based on theoretical analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence. The upper limits of the rock pressure and ground subsidence can be estimated in backfilling mining using this concept along with traditional engineering formulae.     

Superposition model for analyzing the dynamic ground subsidence in mining area of thick loose layer

The dynamic ground subsidence due to underground mining is a complicated time-dependent and ratedependent process. Based on the theory of rock rheology and probability integral method, this study developed the superposition model for the prediction and analysis of the ground dynamic subsidence in mining area of thick loose layer. The model consists of two parts(the prediction of overlying bedrock and the prediction of thick loose layer). The overlying bedrock is regarded as visco-elastic beam, of which the dynamic subsidence is predicted by the Kelvin visco-elastic rheological model. The thick loose layer is regarded as random medium and the ground dynamic subsidence is predicted by the probability integral model. At last, the two prediction models are vertically stacked in the same coordinate system, and the bedrock dynamic subsidence is regarded as a variable mining thickness input into the prediction model of ground dynamic subsidence. The prediction results obtained were compared with actual movement and deformation data from Zhao I and Zhao II mine, central China. The agreement of the prediction results with the field measurements show that the superposition model(SM) is more satisfactory and the formulae obtained are more effective than the classical single probability integral model(SPIM), and thus can be effectively used for predicting the ground dynamic subsidence in mining area of thick loose layer.     

煤矿开采沉陷有效控制的新途径

开采沉陷是造成矿区环境地质灾害的直接根源，有效控制和减轻地面沉陷程度是减轻或避免开采沉陷环境灾害的根本之路，针对这一问题，分析了充填开采、条带开采和覆岩离层注浆岩层控制技术的优缺点，根据荷载置换原理，提出了“条带开采一注浆充填固结采空区—剩余条带开采”的三步法(二次条带式)开采沉陷控制的新思路，进行了三步法开采沉陷控制的可行性研究，初步分析表明，采用三步法开采可以实现对岩层移动和地表沉陷的有效控制，地表下沉系数可控制在0．25左右，煤炭采出率可达到80％～90％，可基本实现地面建筑物不搬迁和大幅度减轻土地塌陷灾害。     

Use of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages in Germany

In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, too.The changes expand the compensation of mining damages, especially to the extraction with drilling from the surface and underground storage.Although the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, the area of main influence(subsidence of 10 cm)remains to determine a relevant boundary for mining damages.The determination and prediction of this boundary above caverns are presented in this paper.In addition, further elements of ground movements and their relevance to mine damages are analyzed.The usage of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages does not correspond to the relevant elements of ground movements.A limit for differences in subsidence(tilt) or horizontal changes in length should be preferred to describe the relevance of mining damages on buildings.Furthermore, this paper outlines the meaning of using the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages.     

Monitoring mine collapse by D-InSAR

For harmful ground collapse and its special deformation characteristics,which causes SAR images to lose coherence,InSAR technology cannot be applied in monitoring surface collapse in mining areas.We took the Shenmu mining area in northern Shaanxi province as an example to study subsidence in mining areas and proposed an interpolated multi-view processing method.The results show that this method can improve the detectable deformation gradient to a certain extent and can become a good reference value for monitoring large scale gradient deformation.We also analyzed the rules for temporal decorrelation in mining.