热喷涂技术制备铁基非晶涂层的研究进展

热喷涂技术可用于表面防护和强化,被大量应用到各行各业。由于热喷涂技术具有冷却速率很快的特点,满足形成非晶的基本条件,同时Fe基非晶合金具有耐磨耐腐蚀等优异的性能,所以用该技术制备得到的铁基非晶合金涂层性能优良,能给好多行业带来经济效益。将对等离子喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂等热喷涂技术制备铁基非晶涂层的研究进展进行综述。     

冷喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的研究进展

综述了近年来冷喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的现状,总结了喷涂工艺参数对铁基、铝基、铜基及镍基等非晶合金涂层制备的影响,详细阐述了涂层晶化及沉积机制,并在冷喷涂涂层硬度、耐磨及防腐性能等方面进行了归纳,最后对冷喷涂技术在非晶合金制备的发展趋势进行了展望.     

等离子熔覆铁基非晶纳米晶复合涂层及其性能

利用等离子熔覆技术在A3钢表面制备了一层与基体呈冶金结合的、性能良好的非晶纳米晶复合涂层.涂层有非晶相和纳米相组成,根据衍射峰的半高宽,计算出铁基涂层中平均晶粒尺寸为22～24nm.对涂层进行XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM和DSC分析,并利用显微硬度计和电化学工作站研究涂层的硬度和耐蚀性能,研究表明所制备的铁基涂层具有良好的性能.     

激光熔覆制备金属表面非晶涂层研究进展

本文简要介绍非晶合金的结构和性能,以及传统制备块体非晶合金方法的局限性。结合激光熔覆技术的特性,重点综述在金属材料基体表面上利用激光熔覆技术制备Fe基、Zr基、Ni基、Cu基和其他非晶涂层的研究现状,以及激光制备工艺参数、微合金化元素种类和含量、增强相等因素对激光熔覆非晶涂层的影响。最后,指出利用激光熔覆技术制备非晶涂层的成分设计和控制、激光熔覆工艺的设计和优化、激光熔覆非晶涂层的基础理论研究等方面存在的主要问题和今后的发展方向。     

电弧喷涂铁基非晶涂层的制备及其冲蚀磨损性能研究

为了筛选最佳的铁基非晶涂层制备工艺和研究涂层的冲蚀磨损机理,采用电弧喷涂技术在不同工艺参数下制备Fe基非晶态合金涂层,利用自制固液两相流冲蚀磨损试验机和电化学工作站对涂层的耐磨损、耐腐蚀性能进行研究;并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段观察分析了涂层的相结构和组织形貌。结果表明:非晶涂层结构致密、组织均匀,并具有典型的层状结构;铁基非晶涂层具有良好的耐冲蚀性能,90°攻角下涂层冲蚀失重要高于30°攻角下涂层的失重;电弧喷涂电压上升,涂层冲蚀失重随之减小;送丝速度增加,涂层冲蚀失重先降低再升高;冲蚀磨损机制主要表现为脆性剥落;非晶涂层的耐腐蚀性能随喷涂电压的上升得到提高,随送丝速度增加先增强再减弱。     

铝基非晶合金的制备、性能与应用研究进展

铝基非晶合金因其独特的物理和化学性能在诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景,综述了铝基非晶合金的成分体系、制备方法、性能特点及应用研究进展。首先,介绍了铝基非晶合金的发展历史和成分体系,目前铝基非晶主要分为3大体系：二元、三元和多元体系,以及综合性能和形成能力2大方面,多元体系表现更佳,并逐渐向更多元化发展;其次,系统介绍了铝基非晶合金的制备方法,包括粉末状、薄带状、块体样品的制备,相较于非晶薄带的制备,块体和粉状的制备方法较为丰富,而粉状非晶通常作为铝基非晶涂层的预制材料;随后,详细介绍了铝基非晶合金的性能特点、应用现状及发展趋势,从性能上来看,铝基非晶在强度和硬度以及耐腐蚀性能上表现良好,目前主要以涂层的形式参与应用,除此之外,研究者们也开始对磁性和热塑性展开研究,由于玻璃形成能力的限制,作为结构材料的应用较少;最后,对其未来应用前景进行了展望,认为涂层是目前铝基非晶合金最具应用前景的工程化方式。     

“1111”系铁基超导材料研究进展

简单介绍了"1111"体系铁基超导材料的发展历程及其与传统铜氧化物超导体的相似和不同;介绍了"1111"体系的晶体结构以及化学组成;详细综述了"1111"体系超导材料的制备技术——块材、线带材、薄膜的制备进展;最后展望了铁基超导材料的发展趋势——开发出实用化铁基超导材料的制备工艺,获得适合于低温高场条件下应用的线带材或铁基涂层导体。     

电沉积铁基非晶态磁性涂层的研究进展

铁基非晶态磁性涂层是一种新型的材料,拥有优异的软磁性能、耐蚀性与耐磨性,已成为金属功能材料领域的热点。本文总结了铁基非晶磁性涂层具备的特殊性能,讨论了电沉积工艺参数对于铁基非晶态涂层成分、结构与磁学性能的影响,并对铁基非晶态磁性涂层存在的问题、改进途径与未来的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

Ni-Al包覆增强Fe基非晶涂层的结构与耐磨性

为了降低Fe基非晶涂层的孔隙率,并提高其耐摩擦性能,采用机械球磨法在铁基非晶颗粒表面包覆Ni-Al颗粒,得到具有壳-核结构的涂层复合喷涂粉末,并采用等离子喷涂法将其在45钢表面制备铁基非晶涂层;分析了包覆型复合粉末和Fe基复合涂层的相组成和微观结构,测试了复合涂层的孔隙率、非晶相比例和干摩擦性能,研究了Ni-Al粒子包覆前后涂层的微观结构与摩擦机理变化。结果表明:Ni-Al粒子成功包覆在Fe基非晶表面形成了结构致密的壳-核结构复合粉末,粉末粒径小于50μm,包覆层厚度1～3μm。涂层孔隙率下降5%左右,由于Ni-Al稀释作用,非晶含量由72.5%降低为64.8%,复合涂层的结构显示为Ni3Al相和Fe基非晶形成的层片状。相对于传统涂层结构,复合涂层更能够强化非晶涂层的层状堆积的优点。相比Fe基非晶涂层,复合涂层的摩擦系数由0.412 3降低到0.256 1,磨损量为原涂层的1/2左右。Ni-Al粒子通过改进Fe基非晶粒子的熔解形态和延展能力,有效提高了非晶涂层的致密度,涂层非晶含量降低不明显,耐磨性显著增强。     

等离子转移弧喷涂铁基非晶涂层的组织与耐蚀性能

为解决电弧喷涂铁基非晶涂层氧化严重等问题，采用等离子转移弧丝材喷涂(PTWS)在20NiCrMo基体上制备铁基非晶涂层，通过响应曲面法设计四因素三水平工艺参数优化实验，建立氩气流量、氢气流量、工作电流以及喷涂距离与孔隙率之间的数学模型关系。利用最佳工艺参数制备铁基非晶涂层，采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、硬度测试仪(HV-1000A)和电化学工作站(IM6ex)对涂层进行微观形貌、相组织、硬度及极化分析。结果表明：当工作电流不变时，氩气增大、喷涂距离减小或是氩气减小、喷涂距离增大都会导致孔隙率呈下降趋势。在最优工艺参数下，即Q_Ar=115 L/min,Q_H2=4 L/min,I=300 A,D=150 mm,d=12 mm,V_wire=60 mm/s,所获铁基非晶涂层的孔隙率为2.14%,平均硬度为960HV_0.1,腐蚀电势为-0.4841 V以及腐蚀电流为3.716×10^-5 A·cm^-2,表明涂层具有良好的耐腐...     

Fabrication of high hardness and corrosion resistance coatings from Fe-based alloy powders

Gas atomized Fe₅₀Cr₂₄Mo₂₁Si₂B₃ powders were used to form Fe-based alloy coatings by the air plasma spray method. The coatings exhibited high amorphous nature and extremely low porosity of 0.41% in about 200 µm thickness. The Fe-based coating exhibits an average hardness about 1255 Hv. The Fe-based coatings could be potentially applied as functional surface protective coatings.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe-based Amorphous Composite Coatings Reinforced by Stainless Steel Powders

In this study,a few Fe-based amorphous matrix composite coatings reinforced with various portions(4,8 and16 vol.%) of 31 6L stainless steel powders have been successfully produced through high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF) spraying.The microstructure of the composite coatings was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The main structure of composite coatings remained amorphous while 31 6L stainless steel splats were distributed homogeneously in the amorphous matrix and well connected with surrounding amorphous phase.Bonding strength of coatings to the substrate was determined by "pull-off" tensile tests.The results revealed that the31 6L stainless steel phase effectively improved the bonding strength of amorphous coatings,which is mainly contributed by the strong metallurgical bonding between stainless steel and amorphous splats.The addition of31 6L stainless steel also enhanced the ductility and fracture resistance of the coatings due to the ductile stainless steel phases,which can arrest crack propagation and increase energy dissipation.     

Fe基非晶合金粉末的研究进展

非晶合金粉末是指快冷雾化合金液滴所制得的合金粉末,其中Fe基非晶合金粉末因具有生产成本低廉和应用前景广阔等优势,一直备受青睐。同时,Fe基非晶合金粉末的应用也为块体Fe基非晶合金应用难的问题提供了一条崭新的途径。本文综述了Fe基非晶合金粉末的研究进展,对其在涂层制备、磁性材料、激光3D打印、废水处理4个方面的研究现状进行了归纳分类与总结,并分析了Fe基非晶合金粉末在各领域的应用优势。最后指出Fe基非晶合金粉末在制备高质量涂层、老化磁性粉末再利用及增材制造领域的研究方向,并展望了作为传感、控制等功能性器件的应用前景。此外,在薄膜等小尺寸、低维材料及柔性电子领域也展现出巨大的应用潜力。     

Characterization of mechanical properties of FeCrBSiMnNbY metallic glass coatings

This article investigates mechanical characteristics of Fe-based metallic glass coatings. A series of the coatings were fabricated by conventional wire-arc spray process. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning election microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimeter. The coating is very dense smooth, adhering well and with no cracking. The microstructure of the coating consists of amorphous phase and α(Fe,Cr) nanocrystalline phase. The nanocrystalline grains with a size of 30 to 60 nm are homogenously dispersed in the amorphous phase matrix. The crystallization temperature of the amorphous phase is about 545 °C. The mechanical properties, such as porosity, adhesive strength, microhardness, elastic modulus, and abrasive wear resistance, were analyzed in detail. The experimental results indicate that the coating has high microhardness (15.74 GPa), high elastic modulus (216.97 GPa), and low porosity (1.7%). The average adhesive strength value of the coating is 53.6 MPa. The relationship between abrasive wear behavior and structure of the coating is discussed. The relatively wear resistance of metallic glass coating is about 7 and 2.3 times higher than that of AISI 1045 steel and 3Cr13 martensite stainless steel coating, respectively. The main failure mechanism of metallic glass coating is brittle failure and fracture. The Fe-based metallic glass coating has excellent wear resistance.     

热喷涂亚稳态复合涂层研究进展

热喷涂亚稳态复合涂层能克服许多亚稳材料不易直接成形的不足,有效发挥非晶、纳米晶和准晶材料的特殊功效.等离子喷涂和高速火焰喷涂亚稳态铁基、镍基、陶瓷粉末制备的涂层质量优异,在热障、耐磨、防腐等领域应用前景广阔,但尚需拓展涂层功能,降低成本.电弧喷涂粉芯丝材制备亚稳态涂层具有成本低、效率高、成分易调节等优势,在大规模高效制备耐磨、防腐、防高温腐蚀与冲蚀涂层方面优势明显,但尚需提高涂层稳定性,开发更多涂层材料体系.目前,我国需要从自动化热喷涂设备开发和新型亚稳态材料体系研究两方面展开深入研究,提高亚稳态喷涂层的组织结构稳定性和性能质量可靠性,使该技术走出实验室面向工业应用,更好地为国家循环经济建设服务.     

Enhancement of oxidation and wear resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings by surface modification of feedstock powders

Surface oxidation of the in-flight powders during the preparation of amorphous coatings in high velocity oxygen fuel process causes the formation of oxygen-rich intersplat regions. These regions are brittle in nature and can dramatically deteriorate the mechanical performance of the coatings. To solve this problem, the starting FeCrMoCBY amorphous feedstock powders were modified by electroless plating a thin layer of Ni–W–P amorphous phase. It was found that the covering of the Ni–W–P layer can significantly reduce the oxygen content in the resultant Fe-based amorphous coatings. The wear resistance of the coatings with and without the modification of Ni–W–P thin layer was comparatively studied by ball-on-disk wear tests against Si₃N₄ counterpart in air. It revealed that the wear of two types of coatings follows the same oxidation wear mechanism but the modified coating exhibits much better wear resistance due to the improved oxidation resistance.     

喷涂距离对Fe基非晶涂层孔隙影响的研究

热喷涂涂层中孔隙的存在会降低涂层的耐蚀性,减少涂层寿命,而热喷涂工艺参数很大程度上影响涂层的孔隙率。本文采用计算机数值模拟和设计验证实验的分析方法,重点研究了JP-8000超音速火焰喷涂系统(HVOF)制备Fe基非晶涂层工艺参数中喷涂距离与涂层孔隙的关联性。利用商用计算软件Fluent计算平台,研究加入粉末粒子前,喷枪内火焰温度和速度的变化规律,以及加入非晶粉末后,不同喷涂距离条件下颗粒飞行过程的温度和速度的变化规律。仿真结果表明,喷涂距离为360~380 mm时,非晶粉末颗粒在撞击基板时处于半融化状态,颗粒在基板上具有良好的流动性,可获得孔隙率较低的涂层。验证实验结果与仿真结果一致。X射线衍射结果表明,粉末、不同喷涂距离所制备的涂层以及同成分的非晶条带均为完全非晶态结构。SEM和孔隙率统计结果表明,喷涂距离为370 mm时,涂层截面的孔隙较少,且孔隙率最低,为0.57%,验证了计算模拟优化的最佳喷涂距离范围。     

AC-HVAF非晶和金属陶瓷涂层在压裂液中空蚀行为研究

采用超声空蚀与电化学测试相结合的方法,对AC-HVAF热喷涂非晶金属和金属陶瓷两种涂层在水力压裂液中的空蚀及交互作用规律进行了研究,分析了耐蚀性和硬度在空蚀时的主导作用,确定了空蚀机理。结果表明,压裂液中KCl恶化了涂层的腐蚀性能,进而影响了空蚀行为。涂层在压裂液中的抗空蚀性能是耐蚀性与硬度结合的双变量函数。空化的力学破坏对高硬度涂层的空蚀过程有显著影响,硬度相对较高的金属陶瓷防护涂层的抗空蚀性能优异。压裂工况下,AC-HVAF涂层空蚀损伤是由于气泡溃灭垂直冲击孔隙或缺陷区域,硬相直接被剥离表面。降低孔隙和提高粘结相结合强度有助于提高涂层在压裂液中的抗空蚀性能。     

Wear behaviors of Fe-based amorphous composite coatings reinforced by Al2O3 particles in air and in NaCl solution

In this paper, the influence of the addition of Al₂O₃ particles on the microstructure and wear properties of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) has been studied. The wear behaviors of the composite coatings were evaluated against Si₃N₄ in a pin-on-disk mode in air and in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. It was found that the Al₂O₃ particles were homogenously distributed in the amorphous matrix and the composite coatings exhibited improved wear resistance and reduced coefficient of friction (COF) in both air and wet conditions as compared to the monolithic amorphous coating. The composite coating reinforced with 20 wt.% Al₂O₃ particles exhibit the best wear performance, which, for example, has extremely low COF (< 0.2) and high wear resistance (2–3 times higher than monolithic amorphous coating). Detailed analysis on the worn surface indicated that the wear mechanism for the amorphous and composite coatings is similar and is dominated by oxidative delamination in air and by corrosion wear in 3.5% NaCl solution. The enhanced wear resistance is mainly attributed to the addition of Al₂O₃ particles which exhibit high hardness, good corrosion resistance and excellent chemical and thermal stability.