分凝对Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-38%PbTiO3单晶的成分及介电、压电性能的影响

研究了用改进的Bridgman法生长的PMNT62/38单晶在其生长过程中的分凝现象,研究了分凝导致的成分不均匀及其对介电和压电性能的影响.XRFA分析表明,PMNT62/38单晶底部的PbTiO3(PT)含量为x=35.2mol％,而顶部的PT含量为43mol％.底部晶体(001),(110)和(111)三种切型的晶片加电场极化后,其介电和压电性能出现了异常的现象.(110)切型的压电模量最大,为1200pC/N;(111)次之,为789pC/N;(001)最低,为371pC/N.极化后的(110)和(111)晶片在室温、1kHz频率下的相对介电常数(两种切型的εr都在10000左右),约为(001)晶片(ε_r-5000)的1倍,并且介电常数在低温端有上升的趋势.     

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3晶体组分对结构与性能的影响

用熔体Modified Brdgman法生长出尺寸直径40 mm长度80 mm的弛豫铁电单晶PMNT90/10,表明该方法不仅适合在准同型相界(MPB)附近生长PMNT单晶,也适合生长PT含量很低的PMNT单晶.在生长出的PMNT90/10晶体中,铁电相与顺电相两相共存,并呈现亚微畴结构特征.随着晶体组分由PMN组元变化到MPB组分附近,PMNT的电畴结构呈现微畴-亚微畴-不规则宏畴-规则宏畴演化系列,而介电弛豫特性则逐步弱化.PMNT固熔体的电学性能依赖于晶体组分,(001)切型PMNT90/10晶体的压电常数d33约80 pC/N,显著低于MPB附近组分,但其介电常数ε达到12600,明显高于后者.     

{110}cub切型Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3单晶铁电相变的研究

测试了PMNT68／32{110}cub切型单晶的介电、压电性能和电滞回线，发现单晶铁电性能与所施加的极化电场及单晶中PbTiO3含量的变化密切相关。研究结果表明，相结构的变化是引起铁电性能变化的主要原因，即在＜110＞取向施加电场诱导出来的正交相是本征亚稳的，它的稳定性不仅取决于所施加的极化电场大小，而且与单晶中PbTiO3含量的变化密切相关。     

四方相铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅(PMN-PT)铁电单晶的弹性、介电、压电和机电性能

研究了四方相弛豫铁电单晶Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-38%PbTiO3(PMNT62/38)的介温特性，并利用HP4192A阻抗分析仪测量了PMNT62/38单晶完整的一套弹性、介电、压电和机电耦合系数，为理论研究和器件设计提供了参考，其居里点Tc-174℃；压电应变常量d33-300pC/N；介电常数ε33-734,ε11-4301；机电耦合因数κ33-84.6%,κt-60.8%,κ31-44.5%,κ15-45.9%。     

{110}cub切型Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3单晶铁电相变的研究

测试了PMNT68/32{110}_cub切型单晶的介电、压电性能和电滞回线,发现单晶铁电性能与所施加的极化电场及单晶中PbTiO3含量的变化密切相关.研究结果表明,相结构的变化是引起铁电性能变化的主要原因,即在<110>取向施加电场诱导出来的正交相是本征亚稳的,它的稳定性不仅取决于所施加的极化电场大小,而且与单晶中PbTiO₃含量的变化密切相关.     

Mn掺杂(K 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.96 Sr 0.02 NbO3无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用常压烧结方法制备了Mn掺杂的（K0.5Na0.5）0.96Sr0.02Nb1-xMnxO3无铅压电陶瓷.研究了Mn含量对该体系材料的相组成、微观结构、介电、压电和热稳定性能的影响.XRD表明随着Mn含量的增加,体系由正交相过渡到赝四方相;而且,富Na的第二相消失,得到纯净的钙钛矿相结构.在Mn含量为x=0.03和0.04时,观察到了两个温度（200和390℃）处的介电反常,这和晶格畸变引起的复晶胞结构有关.Mn含量为x=0.02时,得到综合性能优良的压电超声换能器用材料：介电常数ε^T33/ε0=479,压电常数d33=121pC/N,机电耦合系数Kp=41%,机械品质因子Qm=298,介电损耗tanδ=1.6%,居里温度Tc=391℃,谐振频率αfr和机电耦合系数Kp随温度的变化率αfr（80℃）和αKp（80℃）分别为-1.85%和1.19%.     

流延成型制备(Na0.85K0.15)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷的显微结构及性能

采用流延成型工艺制备了（Na0.85K0.15）0．5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷，研究了陶瓷退火前后的显微组织结构，结果表明陶瓷主晶相为钙钛矿相结构，并伴随有形貌呈针状的第二相K2Ti6O13出现；陶瓷断面和表面的晶粒形貌有差别，采用退火处理无法消除第二相K2Ti6O13，但可有效改善陶瓷断面的晶粒形貌，同时增大材料的矫顽场，并使剩余极化强度（Pr）、压电常数（d33）、介电常数（ε）与介电损耗（tanδ）变小．（Na0.85K0.15）0.5Bi0．5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的电滞回线表现出明显铁电体的特征，其矫顽场为2680V／mm，Pr达36．6μC／cm^2，d33达113pC／N，‰为0．27，Qm达154．     

掺杂对0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3陶瓷结构和电学性能的影响

用传统的固相反应法、通过铌铁矿预合成路线制备了1mol%ZnO、MnO2和CuO掺杂的0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3(0.7PMN-0.3PT)陶瓷。XRD分析表明掺杂的0.7PMN-0.3PT陶瓷都呈现纯三方钙钛矿结构。烧成的陶瓷具有较高的致密度,其中CuO掺杂的0.7PMN-0.3PT陶瓷达到理论密度的93.79%。掺杂的0.7PMN-0.3PT陶瓷都呈现宽化、弥散的介电响应峰,然而介电常数的频率色散现象明显减弱。CuO掺杂的0.7PMN-0.3PT陶瓷呈现优良的综合电学性能:介电常数最大值εm达到21000左右,剩余极化强度Pr达到27.49μC/cm2,压电应变常量d33达到548pC/N。     

(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷的介电压电性能

研究了(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷的介电和压电性能,发现陶瓷从室温到500℃温度范围的介电谱中存在两个介电峰,电滞回线显示第一个介电峰由铁电-反铁电相变引起的,温度继续升高,反铁电相由宏畴变为微畴,微畴向顺电相转变导致了第二个介电峰,该峰对应的相变为弥散型相变.室温下陶瓷具有较高的剩余极化强度Pr=29.4μC/cm2和相对低的矫顽电场Ec=2.8kV/mm,极化后的陶瓷显示出较高的压电常数d33=120pC/N和机电耦合系数Kp=28.5%,以及高的频率常数Nφ=2916Hz.m,120℃具有最小的谐振频率温度系数.     

Bi3NbTiO9的结构与电学性能

用传统固相法成功制备出了致密的、相对密度超过95％的BiaNbTiO9(BNT)压电陶瓷；采用XRD和SEM对陶瓷的结构和晶粒形貌进行了表征；测出了BNT陶瓷在居里温度点附近的介电特性，同时确定了该陶瓷的居里温度Tc为914℃。电滞回线的测试显示了该材料典型的硬铁电性，经过高温极化，测出材料的压电常数d33=7pC／N。     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties in the lead-free system Na0.5K0.5NbO3-BiScO3-LiTaO3

Phase relations, dielectric and piezoelectric properties are reported for the ternary system 98%[(1 - x) (Na(0.5)K(0.5)NbO(3))-x(LiTaO(3))]-2%[BiScO(3)] for compositions x ≤ 10 mol% LiTaO(3). The phase content at room-temperature changed from mixed phase, monoclinic + tetragonal, for unmodified 98%(Na(0.5)K(0.5)NbO(3))-2%(BiScO(3)), to tetragonal phase for compositions >2 mol% LiTaO(3). Curie peaks at 360 to 370°C were observed for all compositions, but peaks became diffuse at x ≥ 3 mol%, and two dielectric peaks, at 370 and 470°C, were observed for 5 mol% LiTaO(3). Phase segregation, and finite size affects associated with the core-shell structure, account for the occurrence of two dielectric peaks in 5 mol% LiTaO(3), and diffuse dielectric behavior. The value of d(33) piezoelectric charge coefficient increased from ~160 pC/N for 0 mol% LiTaO(3) to 205 to 214 pC/N for 1 to 2 mol% LiTaO3 solid solutions, before falling sharply at 3 mol% LiTaO(3). TEM-EDX analysis revealed core-shell grain structures with segregation of Bi, Sc, and Ta in the outer ~100-nm shell of the 5 mol% LT sample.     

三元陶瓷Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3准同型相界附近组分的介电、铁电和压电性能

铅基复合钙钛矿铁电材料广泛应用于机电传感器、致动器和换能器。二元铁电固溶体Pb(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃- PbTiO₃(PNN-PT)由于其在准同型相界(MPB)区域具有优异的压电、介电性能而备受关注。然而较大的介电损耗和较低的居里温度限制了其在高温高功率器件方面的应用。本研究通过引入Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃ (PIN)作为第三组元改善PNN-PT的电学性能, 提高其居里温度; 通过两步法合成了MPB区域的三元铁电陶瓷Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃- Pb(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PIN-PNN-PT), 研究了其结构、介电、铁电和压电性能。制备的所有组分陶瓷具有纯的钙钛矿结构。随着PT含量的增加, 陶瓷结构从三方相转变为四方相。通过XRD分析得到了室温下PIN-PNN-PT体系的MPB相图。体系的居里温度由于PIN的加入得到了很大的提高, 更重要的是PIN的引入降低了PNN-PT体系的介电损耗和电导。MPB处的组分展现出了优异的电学性能, 室温下, 性能最优组分为0.30PIN-0.33PNN-0.37PT: d₃₃=417 pC/N, T_C=200 ℃, ε′= 3206, tanδ=0.033, P_r=33.5 μC/cm², E_C=14.1 kV/cm。引入PNN-PT的PIN第三组元使得体系的居里温度和压电性得到提高的同时降低了的介电损耗和电导率, 因此, PIN-PNN-PT三元铁电陶瓷在高温高功率换能器等方面具备一定的应用潜力。     

Sm2O3掺杂(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3无铅压电陶瓷的制备与性能

采用固相合成法制备了Sm2O3掺杂的(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3(BCZT)无铅压电陶瓷.借助XRD、SEM等手段对该陶瓷的显微结构与电性能进行了研究.结果表明,Sm2O3的掺杂降低了BCZT无铅压电陶瓷的烧结温度并使居里温度点Tc从85℃提高到95℃.当Sm2O3掺杂量为0.02wt%～0.1wt%时,样品具有典型ABO3型钙钛矿结构.Sm2O3掺杂量为0.02wt%时,所得陶瓷样品具有最优综合电性能,其压电常数d33、机电耦合系数kp、机械品质因子Qm、介电损耗tanδ和介电常数εr分别为590 pC/N、0.52、43、1.3%和3372.     

Segregation study and segregation modeling of Ti in Pb[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.60Ti0.40]O3 single crystal grown by Bridgman method

Relaxor ferroelectric 0.60Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–0.40PbTiO₃ single crystal was synthesized by Bridgman method. The segregation along the length of this crystal was observed by various physico-chemical characterization techniques. First, we note the evolution of the crystalline structure along the length of the as-grown crystals. The tetragonality factor c/a increases from 1.013 to 1.020. This evolution has been correlated with the Ti content determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and it is shown that this is due to the evolution of Ti concentration along the crucible. Furthermore, a continuous increase of the fraction of tetragonal phase with increasing Ti content was observed. Hence, we could compare the experimental data with a standard segregation model and therefore calculate the effective segregation coefficient k_eff for this composition. This coefficient was found to be equal to 0.849. The variation of the titanium content along the ingot causes an inevitable fluctuation of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the single crystal. Due to the increase of Ti concentration, the Curie point was 186 °C at the bottom of the ingot and 222 °C at the top. The piezoelectric coefficient of oriented and poled <0 0 1> samples varies from 1500 to 250 pC/N.     

铌镁酸铋-钛酸铅压电陶瓷准同型相界附近的性能和相变温度研究

利用传统固相烧结法制备了Bi(Mg_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃-PbTiO₃(BMN-PT)压电陶瓷, 分析了不同PbTiO₃含量对BMN-PT压电陶瓷的晶体结构、介电、压电及铁电性能的影响. XRD结果表明: 合成的BMN-PT陶瓷具有纯钙钛矿结构, 并且在PbTiO₃含量为x=0.60时, 其组分的XRD图谱在衍射角2θ=45°出现明显的分峰, 说明该组分相结构中存在三方和四方相的共存. 压电铁电性能显示, BMN-0.60PT有最大的压电常数d₃₃(~170pC/N)和平面机电耦合系数k_p(0.35), 最小的矫顽场E_c(29.4 kV/cm)及最大的剩余极化P_r(31.4 μC/cm²). 确定了BMN-PT压电陶瓷的准同型相界(MPB)为PbTiO₃含量x=0.60的组分. 介电系数温谱表明介电系数峰值温度(Tm)随着PbTiO₃含量的增大而升高, MPB组分的Tm约为276℃.     

Elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of 0.955Pb(Zn(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-0.45PbTiO(3 ) single crystal with designed multidomains

The elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of a 0.955Pb(Zn(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-0.045PbTiO(3 ) (PZN-4.5%PT) multi-domain single crystal, poled along [001] of the original cubic direction, have been determined experimentally using combined resonance and ultrasonic methods. At room temperature, the PZN-4.5%PT single crystal has rhombohedral symmetry. After being poled along [001], four degenerate states still remain. Statistically, such a domain-engineered crystal may be treated as having an average tetragonal symmetry, and its material constants were determined based on 4 mm symmetry. It was confirmed that the electromechanical coupling coefficient k(33) for the domain-engineered samples is >90%, and the piezoelectric constant d(33) is >2000 pC/N. A soft shear mode with a velocity of 700 m/s was found in the [110] direction. From the measured experimental data, the orientational dependence of phase velocities and electromechanical coupling coefficients was calculated. The results showed that the transverse and longitudinal coupling coefficients, k(31) and k(33), reach their maximum along [110] and [001], respectively.     

PMN-PT弛豫铁电固溶体的定向凝固组织与结晶习性

研究了(1-x)Pb(Mg1／3Nb2／3)O3-xPbTiO3(简称PMN—PT或PMNT)系铁电固溶体在坩埚下降法定向凝固过程中的结晶与晶粒生长习性．结果表明，随着坩埚下降速度的加快和PbTiO3含量的降低，陶瓷晶粒的择优生长方向由[111]逐渐向[110]转变．     

Mn改性Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9高温压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法获得了Mn改性的Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9(NBN+xmol%MnCO3,0≤x≤10.0)铋层状压电陶瓷,并系统地研究了Mn(掺杂)对NBN基陶瓷显微结构与电性能的影响.结果表明,所有获得的样品都是居里点在700℃以上的单一相铁电体.加入Mn显著地提高了NBN系列陶瓷的机械品质因素Qm,明显改善了陶瓷的压电与机电性能.当MnCO3掺杂量为8.0mol%时,陶瓷获得最佳电性能:tanδ=0.749%,d33=20 pC/N,Qm=3120,kp=12.37%,kt=21.09%,Pr=7.01μC/cm2.NBN+xmol%MnCO3(x=8.0)陶瓷经700℃退极化处理后,其d33保持为原来的75%(~15 pC/N),表明该材料在高温领域下具有良好的应用前景.     

Preparation and characterization of yBiGaO/sub 3/-(1-x-y)BiScOs/sub 3-x/PbTiO/sub 3/ piezoelectric ceramics

The ternary system of j/BiGaO₃-(1-x-y) BiScO₃-xPbTiO₃ (BGS-PT) ceramics was prepared by using conventional mixing oxide processing. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the BGS-PT ceramics showed the perovskite structure. The Curie temperature (T_C) of BGS-PT ceramics was found to increase with increasing BiGaO₃ content. However, a larger BiGaO₃ content led to sharply decreased piezoelectric properties, and the secondary phase was formed in the BGS-PT system. BGS-PT ceramics with x = 0.56, y = 0.19 showed a high Curie temperature T_C and a large piezoelectric constant d₃₃ of 501degC and 152 pC/N, respectively. The high T_C of BGS-PT ceramics with usable piezoelectric properties suggests future high-temperature applications.