烧结后热处理对烧结硬化粉末冶金钢零件尺寸精度与力学性能的影响

在铁基粉末冶金零件的最终形生产中尺寸精度是一个关键参数.粉末冶金零件生产厂商一直在追求较大的零件,但终端用户规定的绝对公差一般并不随零件尺寸而改变.因此,对较大的零件,尺寸变化或尺寸变化的偏差必须减小.除了与常用低合金粉末冶金钢的压制与烧结相关的尺寸变化外,烧结硬化合金对粉末冶金零件生产还提出了一些独特挑战与机遇.在烧结炉中能淬硬的零件,就不要后续淬火作业了.可是,形成的未回火的马氏体显微结构对尺寸稳定性与力学性能来说并不理想.回火的淬硬钢由于马氏体转变成了密度较高的较稳定的铁素体与碳化物显微结构,从而改善了力学性能并使尺寸产生收缩.另外,许多铜及碳含量高的烧结硬化钢牌号都会导致残留奥氏体的含量较高.残留奥氏体可改进冲击性能与延展性,但是,由于热波动残余奥氏体可转变成密度较低的贝氏体和/或马氏体从而影响尺寸的稳定性.为得到最好的力学性能与尺寸控制组合,烧结硬化钢需要进行适当的热处理.本文考察不同的烧结后热处理对烧结硬化粉末冶金钢尺寸、显微结构以及力学性能的影响.     

热处理工艺对超高强钢板组织和性能的影响

利用金相、扫描电子显微镜以及拉伸与冲击试验研究了不同热处理工艺对超高强钢的组织和力学性能的影响。主要热处理参数为:淬火温度920℃,保温时间10 min;低温回火温度150℃、300℃,保温时间分别为60 min、30 min;高温回火温度500℃、550℃,保温时间15 min、10 min。淬火得到的组织为板条马氏体,低温回火得到的组织以回火马氏体为主,高温回火得到的组织为回火索氏体。经淬火+回火热处理后的钢板,力学性能可达到GB/T16270《高强度结构用调质钢板》标准中的890 MPa级别及更高级别牌号的要求。     

25Cr5MoVTiNbB钢热处理工艺设计及分析

研究了25Cr5MoVTiNbB钢热处理工艺参数的确定方法,并与实际测得的参数值比较,得出计算值与实际值近似的结论,这种设计方法可为该钢热处理工艺提供重要的依据.然后通过实验分析了该钢在热处理过程中,回火温度、回火保温时间、淬火温度和淬火保温时间等参数对其力学性能的影响.结果表明该钢在900℃×30min淬火、油冷,随后600℃×110min回火的热处理工艺下得到的组织为均匀细小的回火索氏体,从而使该钢具有很好的综合力学性能,满足高强度、高韧性、耐腐蚀、耐磨和耐疲劳的冶金设备制造和其他应用场合.     

新型低合金高强韧性耐磨钢的研究

采用多元合金化及变质处理设计了一种新型低合金高强度高韧性耐磨钢。研究了钢的基本特性、显微组织、断口形貌以及热处理工艺对钢的力学性能和耐磨性的影响。研究结果表明,该钢的过冷奥氏体的稳定性高,具有高淬透性及高回火稳定性,经８８０～９２０℃淬火及２５０～３００℃回火后获得回火板条马氏体组织,使钢具有高强韧性及高耐磨性     

淬-回火温度对高强度钢30NCD16组织和性能的影响

试验了电渣重熔高强度钢30NCD16(％:0．31C、1．41Cr、4.01Ni、0．52Mo)840-930℃淬火、350-625℃回火时的组织和力学性能。结果表明,高强度钢30NCD16最佳热处理工艺为840-870℃淬火+560℃回火,可获得细致均匀的索氏体组织,钢的抗拉强度≥1 200 MPa,冲击功A_KU5≥50 J。     

贝氏体抽油杆钢性能的研究

介绍了FG20高强度抽油杆钢的化学成分、热处理工艺、力学性能、组织特点及强韧化机理。在FG20钢的成分基础上通过去钒提钛和降低碳、锰含量提高硅含量两种方式调整化学成分，使试验钢得到典型的粒状贝氏体组织，与FG20钢相比，抗拉强度差别不大，而伸长率和断面收缩率明显提高。通过降低回火后冷却速度和时效处理两种热处理工艺，使FG20钢伸长率和断面收缩率显著提高。     

高强度螺栓钢的研制与应用

研究了新型高强度螺栓钢的化学成分、组织和性能,采用淬火＋低温回火或淬 火炉同温回火热处理工艺,钢的强度、塑性和韧性都有很好的配合。用新型高强度螺栓钢制作的2500四辊可逆式轧机万向接轴联接螺栓,具有很高的使用寿命。     

调质工艺对Q690D钢综合力学性能及组织的影响

 以60mm厚Q690D高强度结构钢板为研究对象,在相同轧制条件下,系统地研究了淬火、回火温度对试验钢综合力学性能及显微组织的影响,并对第二相析出进行理论分析。试验结果表明：随淬火温度升高,试验钢强度升高,韧性下降;随回火温度升高,试验钢强度下降,但韧性明显升高。该钢采用930℃淬火(保温10min)650℃回火(保温40min)的调质热处理工艺具有良好的强韧性匹配,综合力学性能最佳,满足国标GB/T 16270—2009要求。     

正火预热处理对42CrMo曲轴钢调质后的组织与性能影响

利用金相显微观察及力学性能分析,研究调质处理、正火+调质热处理对42CrMo曲轴钢组织与性能的影响。结果表明,经过860℃淬火+580℃回火处理后,曲轴钢基体组织为回火索氏体,但轴颈心部区域白色铁素体数量较多且晶粒粗大、分布不均。其力学性能为抗拉强度997～1211 MPa,屈服强度990～1204 MPa,伸长率11%～13%,断面收缩率40%～48%,冲击功72～90 J。而在调质热处理前增加一次(880℃空冷)正火预处理后,42CrMo曲轴钢的显微组织更趋均匀化,其力学性能为抗拉强度1100～1220 MPa,屈服强度1107～1188 MPa,伸长率13%～15%,断面收缩率50%～56%,冲击功83-91 J。因此,880℃空冷正火预处理+860℃淬火与580℃高温回火是42CrMo曲轴钢优化的热处理工艺。     

回火工艺对高强度管线钢组织性能的影响

采用不同回火制度对高强度管线钢进行热处理试验,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等显微仪器研究了回火工艺对试验钢组织性能的影响规律。结果表明,在试验工艺范围内,随着回火温度的升高和回火时间的延长,试验钢强度出现波动起伏现象,并主要受M／A岛及碳化物分解、析出强化、位错密度降低等因素影响;回火后,延伸率大幅度提高,冲击韧性没有下降;在580℃回火、保温40min工艺条件下,试验钢综合性能优良,达到X120级管线钢要求。     

Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M Steel

 Ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels have been recommended as one of the candidate materials for supercritical water cooled reactor (SCWR) in-core components use for its high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient and inherently good dimensional stability under irradiation condition in comparison to austenitic steel. CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel which has good mechanical properties was one of the 9-12Cr F/M steels designed for SCWR in the previous work. In this study a modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel was used and it′s ultimate tensile strength was 925 MPa at room temperature and 483 MPa at 600 ℃ after optimizing heat treatment parameter. The ductile to brittle transition temperature of modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel is -55 ℃. Those are at the same level or even higher than that of CNS-Ⅱ and some commercial F/M steels nominated for SCWR in-core component use. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that the mechanical properties of the tempered martensite was closely related to the decomposition stage of the martensite.     

90Cr6MoRE耐磨铸钢的研究

本文研究了中铬钢的化学成、分淬火温度、回火温度、显微组织、相结构与力学性能和耐磨性的关系。结果得出,中铬钢在同一热处理条件下,随碳含量的提高耐磨性随之提高,对同一碳含量大,随淬少温度的提高耐磨性亦随之提高。90Cr-6MoRE钢在磨损试验条件下,耐磨性接近于高铬钢或高铬铸铁,明显地高于高锰钢和低合金钢。90Cr6MoRE钢的碳化物为M_7C_3型加少量M_3C型。90Cr6MoRE钢衬板装机试验寿命比同机高锰钢衬板提高1倍以上。     

提高65Mn钢板延伸率的工艺研究

运用金相检验、金相显微硬度、热处理及力学性能测试等手段,研究提高65Mn钢板延伸率的生产工艺。结果表明:65Mn钢中带状组织、片间距较小的片状珠光体是影响65Mn钢板延伸率不合格的主要原因。通过降低钢中S、P及夹杂物并调整热处理工艺,获得了良好的综合力学性能。     

700MPa级高强度调质钢板焊接性能研究

从低成本700 MPa级调质中厚钢板的焊接性能着手,分析了母材的成分、组织及性能特点,研究了其焊接冷裂纹敏感性、焊接过程中的热输入量以及焊后热处理过程对试验钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明,针对50 mm厚的700 MPa级高强度调质钢板,在中等拘束条件下,采用BHG-4M焊丝富氩混合气体保护焊、预热100℃的工艺进行焊接可以防止冷裂纹产生;在苛刻拘束条件下,最低预热温度在120℃以上才能防止裂纹产生;试验钢对焊接工艺规范有较强的适应性,焊接热输入量在8.85~24.17 kJ/cm范围内变化时,试验钢焊接接头的综合力学性能保持在较高水平。     

Influence of phosphorus in high strength steel on welding quality in laser welding

P-added high strength IF steel M250P1 is widely used in vehicle body and safety parts because of its good mechanical performance and forming properties.Experiments of high power laser welding of 4.8 mm thick P-added high strength IF steel M250P1 is performed by using a 12 kW CO₂ laser.In order to investigate the effects of phosphorus in high strength steel on the quality of welding,the Cupping and tensile tests,optical and SEM energy dispersive spectrometer analysis have been done on three welded joints.Some results have been obtained below.In the given welding parameters,the welded joints show good tensile and forming properties.However,it has been also found that the cracking is easy to occur in the fusion zone of welded joint during deformation.Some research works have been done.The results show that the fast cooling of fusional metal leads to the phosphorus microsegregation in the fusion zone because of relative low diffusion rate of phosphorus,which brings about the poor toughness of welded joints.     

铁基材料滚轮挺柱热处理

介绍了试制滚轮挺柱的几种热处理方法、工艺、热处理前后的机械性能、金相组织及试车结果。     

Properties of P/M Kh25 stainless steel produced by hot forging

Conclusions Using various sintering atmospheres (nitrogen, dissociated ammonia) and heat treatment conditions, it is possible to control the level of mechanical properties of hot-forged P/M Kh25 steel. After annealing, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of P/M Kh25 steel produced by hot forging are similar to those of solid Kh28 and Kh25T steels. Because of its fine-grained structure, P/M Kh25 steel surpasses solid steels in impact strength.25% Cr grade; Kh25T, Kh27, Kh28, and Kh18N9T, which are also referred to in this article, are 25% Cr-Ti, 27% Cr, 28% Cr, and 18% Cr-9% Ni-Ti grades, respectively — Translator.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 1(253), pp. 35–39, January, 1984.     

600 MPa级高能量输入焊接压力钢管用钢的研制

经过系列技术攻关,改进了武钢专用钢板冶炼及连铸过程中一些工艺,形成了一套自主操作技术模式,生产的微合金化低合金高强钢中杂质含量显著降低,钢板性能稳定性明显提高.利用武钢新改进的冶炼技术研制了一种600 MPa级低焊接裂纹敏感性高能量输入焊接水电站压力钢管用钢,研究了该钢的力学性能、微观组织结构以及焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的组织特征及力学性能.结果表明,研制的新钢种集高强度、高韧性、优异的焊接性能于一体,且能承受大线能量焊接,焊前不预热,焊后不热处理.CGHAZ中弥散分布的复合氧化物夹杂促使针状铁素体的形成,提高了CGHAZ的力学性能.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel 6Crl5MoV

 Martensitic stainless steel containing Cr of 12% to 18% (mass percent) are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel. The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment, especially as Cr and C content. Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance, a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed. The effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel is emphatically researched. Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation; OM, SEM and TEM have been carried out to microstructure observation; hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties. Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M23C6 carbide, and the M23C6 carbides finely distributed in annealed microstructure. 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range, the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to HRC 608 to HRC 616 when quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃. Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure, and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain. With the increasing of quenching temperature, the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease. The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃ with tempered at 100 to 150 ℃, and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size. At these temperature ranges, the hardness will retain about HRC 592 to HRC 616 and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 173 to 20 J. A lot of M23C6 carbides precipitated from martensite matrix, at the same time along the boundaries of martensite lathes which leading to the decrease of impact toughness when tempered at 500 to 540 ℃. The M3C precipitants also existed in the martensite matrix of test steel after tempered at 500 ℃, and the mean size of M3C precipitates is bigger than that of M23C6 precipitates.     

使用状态对Q690CFD焊接接头性能的影响

针对煤矿机械、港口机械等对低成本焊接结构用高强钢的需求,宝钢开发了低成本TMCP高强钢Q690CFD,具有优异的综合力学性能和抗冷裂纹性能.对于高强钢厚板而言,焊后热处理工艺非常关键,它对接头的力学和使用性能有重要影响.在制造过程中,根据用户不同的服役条件,焊接结构要求不同的使用状态,比如焊态、消氢处理态和消应力处理态.按照相关的国家标准,采用实芯焊丝BH700-Ⅱ,制作了Q690CFD的富氩气保焊接头,分析接头的不同使用状态,包括焊态、300℃消氢处理和580℃消应力处理对Q690CFD/BH700-Ⅱ接头性能的影响.结果表明,焊态、消氢处理态和消应力处理态下,接头的力学性能均满足相关国家标准;按接头性能优劣来分,从好到差的顺序为：消氢处理态、焊态、消应力处理态.消氢处理可以一定程度上增加接头的冲击性能,但消应力处理使接头的冲击性能变差.