旧城街道的生与死：北京旧城特色街道空间形态研究

街道是城市重要的公共空间,也是体现城市特色、城市生活的重要场所。本文通过对北京旧城街道的系统调查和研究,总结出针对特色街道空间研究的理念和方法,在此基础上对北京旧城街道进行分类和梳理,进而提出有步骤的保护和发展策略,从而激活北京旧城特色城市空间。     

IBK公共空间

背景 玛丽亚特雷萨大街一直都是因斯布鲁克旧城区附近的一个主要的购物场所。这条街道比其他街道要宽约30米,这样的空间优势赋予了它成为城市广场的潜能。尽管如此,在早些年它也只是一条普通的街道,还有电车和汽车在街道中心穿梭。     

基于步行化公共生活的旧城区街道共享改造研究

在当代高密度的城市旧城区,缓解人车冲突和构建可步行化的公共空间备受关注。本文基于对步行化公共生活视角的研究,试图构建人车共享的街道公共空间,提升街道步行体验,缝合建筑与街道的割裂,回归街道为人服务的本质。试图将道路不同使用者融合到一起,对城市旧城区街道进行共享改造。最后提出了不同人车共享模式下的城市街道共享改造的方法。     

山地城市街道空间秩序

街道是城市空间环境的骨架,是城市的特色与活力所在。分析了传统山地城市街道中人的各种活动与自然共存的根本所在,指出山地城市街道空间秩序具有适应性、立体性、层次性与综合性的特点。通过对山地城市街道空间秩序的探讨,力图在现代山地城市空间的开发建设与旧城改造中,为重构被破坏的环境秩序提供规律,再现传统街道美学,从而创造富有地域文化特色的山地城市空间。     

西安古城墙下顺城巷新市井空间的更新浅析

西安顺城巷片区街道更新研究,是探讨旧城区更新过程中对于旧居住社区的处理方式。此次研究的目标,是在尊重原有城市发展的基础上,延续传统城市市井生活,保留城市记忆点。通过对街道片区的重塑,维持原有空间状态,同时建立新的街道秩序,为旧街区提供新的活力,增添区域生命力。     

老旧城区街区空间激活装置研究——以成都玉林街区空间为例

随着城市多元化发展,某些旧城街区空间意识不足,导致惰性空间的产生。在此背景下,应设置空间激活装置,通过以点带面的形式对服务设施进行激活性改造。以改善老旧城区、街区的惰性空间,进而达到激活整个老旧城区、街区空间的目的。为今后我国城市化建设中老旧城区的保护与发展提供借鉴与参考。     

芦原义信街道宽高比理论之再思考——基于“近人尺度”视角的街道空间研究

尺度的研究是一个古老而又全新的问题,从维特鲁威的《建筑十书》开始,许多学者都对其进行了深入探讨,其中日本建筑师芦原义信关于街道空间尺度的界定研究影响非常广泛.不过,这些学者研究针对的都是传统城市的尺度,随着时代的发展,在现代大尺度的城市设计中,简单套用过去的理论会有一定的局限性.尝试引入近人尺度视角,以此对城市街道空间的界定进行量化控制,取得理想的街道空间相对尺度和绝对尺度,以期对当今城市设计有所裨益.     

泉州状元街的空间形态分析

近年来大量的传统街区成为旧城改造的重点,在历史遗存与时代要求的碰撞中,步行商业街成为一种折中的手段被广泛采用。这种步行商业街涉及传统与现代的交融,功能与形式的统一,形态和意象的协调等多方面的问题,是城市街道空间的一种特殊形式。在此以泉州状元街为例,通过对状元街的图底关系、空间序列、空间尺度以及空间意象的分析,展示步行商业街空间形态的丰富内涵。     

卫星遥感影像支持下的北京旧城胡同系统建筑空间形态分析

北京旧城胡同系统建筑空间形态研究 城市历史地段的街道格局是构成城市纹理并体现该地段乃至整个城市个性的重要要素之一,因此,在历史地段的保护过程中,街道格局的保持和街道系统的整理十分重要1.要保护北京旧城的胡同(以至整体格局),就必须先掌握每条胡同两侧街坊的建筑空间形态现况.从北京旧城现行的各种保护规划分析来看,大多着重在街坊内部的建筑个体的风貌与质量评估,未能充分体现建筑的整体空间组合的关系.     

为21世纪的城市巽准备足够的地下空间资源

在一项对北京市旧城区地下空间资源调查工作的基础上,试图探索一套比较现实的量化调查方法,本文首先论述调查工作的目的和意义,其次提出城市现有地面空间容量的调查方法和步骤;然后,统计和分析了已经开发利用的地下空间总量;最后,统计出北京旧城区可供有效开发利用地下空间总量,显示出作为城市空间后备资源的巨大潜力,对北京地城市建设和城市发展都有重要的意义。     

Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit von magnetisch induktiven Betondeckungsmessungen

Assessment of the accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current devices The use of non‐destructive testing in civil‐engineering (NDT‐CE) is well established to assess as‐built drawings for existing structures as well as for quality assurance of new buildings or in case of concrete repair. To gain reliable results the choice of the appropriate testing method in combination with the correct data assessment is essential. Hence this article starts with the basics of the two typical testing methods for concrete cover measurement with high precision. Methods based on Eddy Current and based on Radar are different. The strengths and limitations of both methods are presented. In the second part the achievable accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current will be assessed for the most important parameters that have been varied in a wide range. It is shown how results are influenced by an improper input of the diameter or by the effect of neighbored rebars. At the end of the article it is shown how the deviation of the results can be minimized using the internal neighboring rebar correction of some of the devices. This article does not intend to be a product test rather the influence parameters of measurements close to reality will be identified and quantified how the accuracy of concrete cover measurements is affected.     

The dilution of waste in the wake of a ship

This paper considers the problem of predicting the dilution of waste which has been discharged into the wake of a moving ship. A theoretical model is developed which relates the dispersion of the effluent field to the intensity of the turbulence created by the movement of the vessel. Specifically, the model describes the dependence of the dilution on the speed, dimensions and specific resistance coefficient of the ship.The new theory predicts that the rate of dilution decreases with time after discharge and, as with the empirical IMCO formula, indicates that dilution is more sensitive to the speed of the ship than the volume rate of discharge of waste.     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Untersuchungen der Auswirkungen eines Vollbrands auf eine Sporthalle

Research of Fire Effects on a Gymnasium An arson attack committed in August 2015 on the gymnasium of the Oberstufenzentrum Nauen school facility built in 2007 led to a full fire and to the complete destruction of the hall. The effects of this fire were recorded with measuring technologies as well as through sampling on‐site. In the course of this, the wooden roof structure was particularly examined and demonstrated a residual load‐bearing capacity in spite of the intensive fire exposure and the resulting significant damage. The remaining support structure of the hall was completely recorded by means of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and evaluated in September 2015. Inclinations, cross‐sectional shifts and deformations in the building were able to be calculated with the geodetic measurement method. The results from the laser scanning in combination with the sampling served as a comparison of the theoretical structural evidence with the effects of an actual fire event. In the case of the fire at the Nauen gymnasium, the damage to the load‐bearing capacity was particularly significant in the area of the joining means. The goal of the investigations is a comparison of the technical engineering fire prevention certifications and their theoretical protective effects with the effects of actual fires. This is also a subject of current research projects in the Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, University of Applied Sciences.     

对“建筑”内涵的重新审视与诠释

“建筑”现行内涵的功利与暧昧,是当代建筑粗糙、乏味的主要根源之一.为解决这一问题,首先分析了“architecture”、“营造”与“建筑”三者的内涵.通过将“建筑”与“architecture”及“营造”分别比较,审视了“建筑”的现行内涵;并对其内涵提出了新诠释.     

基于HSS模型隧道近接群桩基础施工影响分析

依托盾构隧道近接侧穿群桩工程建立三维数值分析模型,土体采用小应变硬化(HSS)模型,参数取值借鉴已有研究成果并根据监测位移数据反演,同时考虑土体开挖、衬砌拼装以及盾尾同步注浆等一系列施工工艺措施,并将模拟结果与监测数据进行对比验证,研究了不同工况下地表沉降的形态分布、群桩桩基变形及基桩结构受力,同时考虑地表位移对等代层厚度的敏感性。结果表明:HSS模型能有效预测隧道近接侧穿高架桥桩引起的变形,模拟结果与监测值较吻合; 隧道开挖引起土相对桩产生了滑移,地表沉降及桩身竖向位移在中心线前后各1D(D为管片外径)范围内随推进步数的增加而不断增大,且增加幅度明显减小; 两线推进地表沉降具有叠加效应,最大沉降量增幅达76.8%; 隧道与基桩水平距离越近,引起基桩沉降变化越大,两线推进基桩桩顶沉降增幅达134%; 群桩中各排桩的水平位移变化趋势基本相同,且同排桩的水平位移值相差不大,由于群桩遮挡效应,水平位移值由大到小依次为前排桩、中排桩、后排桩; 桩身水平位移主要在盾构中轴线2.5D范围内,桩身最大水平位移均出现在隧道中轴线附近; 群桩中同排桩桩身附加弯矩及附加轴力沿桩身分布规律相同,桩身最终附加受力与其距离隧道远近有关; 随着注浆充率β的增大,等代层厚度及地表沉降呈线性减小; 穿越段采取的施工工艺方案是有效的,经估算附加弯矩及轴力对桩基承载力的影响在容许范围内。     

采空区隧道二衬受力特性模型试验与耦合分析

由于采空区地层的非连续特征,下穿隧道衬砌往往处在偏心受压的不利状态,后期运营病害相对严重。为了查清不同采空区条件下的衬砌结构受力特性,采用室内物理模型试验和基于连续-非连续耦合数值模拟相结合的方法,开展了相关研究。结果表明:(1)采空区的存在会使二衬结构受到偏压荷载,远离采空区侧总体受力大于近侧,且倾角越大偏压越严重;(2)采煤层厚度、冒落带与初支距离的增大会引起围岩压力的降低,二衬内力减小,安全性提升,当采煤层厚度大于1.8 m时或冒落带与初支间距大于0.8倍隧道洞跨后,采空区对二衬安全性的影响很小;(3)喷层厚度的增加阻碍了围岩变形,引起围岩压力增加,不利于二衬受力和安全性。研究结论对于完善采空区隧道围岩压力计算理论和支护结构设计方法具有理论指导意义。     

论电梯的安全、质量与标准

论述了电梯的特殊性、电梯安全的重要性;分析了政府主管部门、公众和媒体对电梯事故（故障）高度关注的原因;讨论了电梯安全与故障、可靠性的关系,电梯安全标准与安全、质量、运行性能的关系,以及电梯现行标准的性质;界定了安全标准与设计、制造规范的不同及关系;分析了行业及政府主管部门对公众普及电梯知识,客观、冷静地看待电梯故障与安全的重要性;说明了业内专业人员和政府主管部门应引导媒体和公众正确看待作为新型机电运输设备的电梯,认识不同档次电梯产品其质量和可靠性不同的必然性。     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

分解建筑:聚集、回忆和整体性的恢复

建筑是其所处社会形态和文化的缩影,因此,对既存建筑适应性改扩建的认识和手法,也会随着社会文化 的发展而不断进化且难免有所反复。本文是关于既有建筑物改造的历史研究,主要关注改造中使用的建筑手法和 新老建筑之间更加紧密的内在联系,而非简单的功能或使用上的变化。通过对集体记忆、身份认同、传统、历史 和文化等主题的阐释,尝试将改造后的建筑与过去建立联系,最终为既存建筑实现一个可持续的未来。