密度、整枝方式和土壤调理剂对无籽西瓜新品种‘新生代3号’产量的影响

为探讨不同底肥、密度和整枝方式对无籽西瓜新品种产量的影响,采用3因素-裂区试验设计,设置2种不同的底肥水平为主区,分别为鸡粪+复合肥+土壤调理剂+土壤修复剂和鸡粪+复合肥;5个种植密度为裂区,分别为每667 m~2500~900株;2种整枝方式为再裂区,分别为双蔓整枝和3蔓整枝。结果表明,添加土壤调理剂可极显著提高‘新生代3号’的产量;栽培密度对产量有极显著影响,密度为每667 m~2700株时产量最高。在所有组合处理中,添加土壤调节剂、种植密度为每667 m~2700株、进行双蔓整枝是最优组合,产量最高,达到59 718.75 kg·hm~(-2)。     

栽培密度和施肥量对遵辣8号产量的影响

为探索遵辣8号最佳的栽培密度和施肥量,采用4因素5水平二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究不同密度、施氮量、施磷量及施钾量4个因素对遵辣8号产量的影响,建立产量与各因素的数学回归模型。结果表明,随着栽培密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量的提高,辣椒产量呈先升后降的趋势。小区产量高于7.82kg,即单产高于258.72 kg/667 m~2的最佳农艺优化栽培方案是:栽培密度9 092~9 815株/667 m~2、施氮量28.33~33.4 kg/667 m~2、施磷量13.78~16.51 kg/667 m~2、施钾量29.46~34.92 kg/667 m~2。     

洋人洋马铃薯高产栽培数学模型的研究

为提高洋人洋马铃薯的产量,采用四元二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法,对影响洋人洋高产栽培的主要农艺措施进行研究。试验结果表明,各试验因子对马铃薯产量的影响程度大小为密度磷肥钾肥氮肥;通过计算机模拟寻优,得出洋人洋产量大于2 700 kg/667 m~2的综合农艺措施为:种植密度4 522~4 871株/667 m~2、尿素施用量14.48~16.42 kg/667 m~2、过磷酸钙施用量27.03~32.97 kg/667 m~2、硫酸钾施用量34.46~45.54 kg/667 m~2。     

不同栽培密度对盛利杭椒产量的影响

杭椒是浙江地区的特色辣椒品种,皮薄质优,口感脆嫩微辣,市场价格和种植效益相对稳定,近年来种植面积不断扩大。为提高杭椒的产量,指导椒农科学种植,作者以盛利杭椒为试验材料,研究了不同种植密度(每667 m~2种植2 400株、2 200株、2 000株、1 800株、1 600株)对其农艺性状、经济性状及产量的影响。试验结果表明,不同栽培密度对盛利杭椒的株高、株幅、茎粗、叶片长度、叶片宽度、始花节位、主茎高度、节间距、果实纵径、果实横径、单果质量等农艺性状影响不大,而种植密度增大可提高辣椒产量,因此每667 m~2种植2 400株(小椒每667 m~2产量1 392.00 kg,中椒每667 m~2产量1 464.80 kg),即定植行距50 cm、株距35 cm为盛利杭椒的最佳栽培密度。     

大棚嫁接西瓜栽培密度、坐果节位及整枝方式试验(摘要)

为科学调节植株营养叶面,提高光合效率,平衡植株体内营养,探讨华南地区大棚西瓜嫁接栽培密度、整枝方式、坐果节位技术等高产优质关键技术,有针对性地设计3种种植密度,配合3个不同坐果节位,2种不同整枝方式,通过栽培比较,研究分析在同等栽培条件下,不同种植密度、坐果节位、整枝方式对大棚西瓜嫁接栽培产量及品质形成的影响。结果表明,最佳的处理为:667 m2密度1 200¹ 300株,单蔓整枝留1果,坐果节位在第211 300株,单蔓整枝留1果,坐果节位在第21²4节间,单果质量可达2.3 kg,果形端正均匀,果实商品率达96%以上,667 m2产量最高达2 870.4 kg。     

厚皮甜瓜新品种银露的选育

银露是以自交系M10为母本,以自交系F8为父本选育而成的早熟厚皮甜瓜一代杂种。全生育期85~90 d(天),果实发育期38 d(天),植株生长势中等健壮,易坐果。果实圆形,果皮白色有网纹,果肉浅绿色,肉厚5.0 cm,中心可溶性固形物含量16%左右,肉质细腻,品质优良,塑料大棚栽培平均单果质量2.2 kg、每667 m~2产量3 500 kg左右,露地栽培平均单果质量3.1 kg、每667 m~2产量3 700 kg左右,适宜甘肃省及同等条件的甜瓜产区露地和保护地种植。     

子莲田套种泽泻的花苔生长及栽植密度研究

通过田间试验,探索了莲田套种泽泻的花苔生长和栽植密度,明确了泽泻花苔的最佳采收期和最适栽植密度。结果显示,莲田套种泽泻移植36天后可采收花苔,11月中上旬为采收盛期。现蕾后第5天花苔生长迅速,抽高10cm以上,高度可达41.05cm,此阶段也是花苔增重的高峰期。然而,40cm以上的花苔增重开始减缓,且逐渐纤维化,口感显著劣化。因此,现蕾后第5天或高度约为40cm的花苔为最佳采收期。栽植5000株/667m~2泽泻时花苔产量最高,为62.26kg/667m~2,可增加产值1992元/667m~2以上,经济效益显著。     

鲜食花生新品种大四粒红多因子比较试验

为找到鲜食花生新品种大四粒红的最佳播种方式、最适密度以及发挥肥料的最大效力,分别开展了不同育苗方式、种植密度、施氮量及基追肥比例多因子试验。结果表明:鲜食花生大四粒红分别在点播+地膜覆盖条件下,667 m~2种植1.9万株条件下,667 m~2施氮量在25 kg条件下,基追肥比在8020条件下产量最高。生产中可根据实际情况,结合地膜覆盖、667 m~2种植1.9万株、667 m~2施氮量25 kg、基追肥比8020等措施,以获得鲜食花生高产高效。     

密度、播种期及施肥水平对茄子产量的影响

运用正交设计方法,探讨不同栽植密度、播期及施肥水平对茄子产量的影响,结果表明:选择栽植密度1 500株/667 m2,12月10日左右播种,施三元复合肥120 kg/667 m2时可获最佳产量.     

不同种植密度对山豆根生长及有效成分的影响

以山豆根种子为试材,研究4种不同种植密度对山豆根生长及不同部位总黄酮、苦参碱和氧化苦参碱含量的影响。结果表明:处理C(667m~2种植3 000株)的山豆根地下部分产量最高,与其它处理差异不显著;处理D(667m~2种植3 500株)的山豆根根中有效成分含量最高,与其它处理差异显著。综合分析,山豆根在667m~2种植3 000~3 500株更有利于产量和质量形成。     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

Comparison of yield,fruit quality,antioxidant activity,and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape obtained from organic,conventional, and integrated fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three different fertilizing systems, including organic, conventional, and integrated ones, on the yield, fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape. The study was carried out on several 6-year-old white seedless grapevine located in the Urmia Province (North-West Iran). The results showed that the fruit physical characteristics and yield were affected significantly by different fertilization systems. The highest yield was observed in the conventional fertilization, followed by organic and integrated systems. The leaf mineral contents were obviously dependent on the different fertilization used, whereas pH and titratable acidity were not affected. Based on our results, the highest values of antioxidant activity and total flavonoid were found in the organic and integrated fertilization systems, respectively. Also, the highest contents of total phenolic, catechin, and quercetin-3-galactoside were observed in the organic fertilization system. Overall, the highest nutritional quality and biochemical characteristics of white seedless grape were obtained in organic fertilization system, which improved antioxidant capacity by enhancing total phenolics, total flavonoids and valuable phenolic compounds.     

Similitude,similarity, and scaling

An exceptionally rich and colorful literature, drawn in almost equal parts from pure mathematics, from the sciences, and from the technologies, has grown up over the years, which bear in different ways on the topics under discussion. It is the intent of the present paper to survey this far-flung literature, point out some of the commonalities and interrelationships which underlie it, and briefly indicate how it has been and can be applied. To my knowledge, this kind of review has not been attempted before.     

江汉平原麦瓜棉菜一年四熟栽培技术

江汉平原是国家优质粮食、优质棉花和双低油菜重要生产基地,也是湖北省西瓜主产区。种植西瓜对增加农民收入、丰富市场、发展农村经济、提高土地利用率具有重要作用。江汉平原西瓜生产的突出特点是间作套种,早在20世纪70年代就推广了“麦／／瓜-稻”这种水旱、粮经作物配套种植的优化模式．并获得原荆州地区科技进步二等奖。由于西瓜间作套种提高了单位面积的经济效益、     

Fruit growth,cuticle deposition,water uptake,and fruit cracking in jostaberry,gooseberry, and black currant

Fruit cracking after rain limits the production of a number of crops, including some Ribes species. To gain a better understanding of the factors involved in cracking, fruit growth, deposition of the cuticular membrane (CM), water uptake and fruit cracking were studied in black currant (Ribes nigrum L. cv. Zema), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L. cv. Rote Triumph), and jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria B. cv. Jostine). Fruit surface area and fresh mass increased continuously throughout development, whereas deposition of the CM was biphasic. CM mass per fruit increased rapidly up to 42, 41, and 49 days after full bloom (DAFB) in black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry, respectively. Thereafter, CM mass per fruit remained constant in gooseberry and jostaberry or increased at a lower rate in black currant. The cessation of or reduced rate of CM deposition resulted in a decrease in CM mass per unit area in all berries. Elastic strain of the CM at maturity averaged 23.8% and 19.5% in gooseberry and jostaberry, respectively, and only 8.2% in black currant. Microcracks in the CM were observed first in gooseberry and jostaberry 64 DAFB, whereas there were no microcracks in black currant. Water uptake into mature detached berries was linear over 2 h of incubation. Rates of uptake were highest in gooseberry followed by black currant and jostaberry. Relative uptake was similar via the cut end of the pedicel (32.1%), the apex of the fruit (34.7%) and the fruit surface (33.2%). Rates of water uptake through the fruit surface were positively related to surface area. Average fruit water potential for black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry was −2.14 ± 0.17, −1.24 ± 0.03, and −1.89 ± 0.20 MPa, while the permeability for osmotic water uptake was 7.7 ± 0.4 × 10⁻⁸, 5.2 ± 0.1 × 10⁻⁸, and 3.3 ± 0.3 × 10⁻⁸ m s⁻¹. Incubating whole fruit in deionized water for 72 h resulted in more cracked jostaberries (94%) than black currants (74%) or gooseberries (50%). A comparison of our findings in Ribes berries with published data for the sweet cherry drupe revealed that the berries fitted the relationships established in sweet cherry among fruit growth, cuticle deposition, strain of the cuticle, microcracking, permeability for osmotic water uptake, frequency of stomata and cracking. The Ribes berries were less susceptible to cracking than sweet cherry.     

盆景果树的发展、特点及价值

盆景果树集"艺术欣赏与果实享用"于一身。文章重点阐述盆景果树的定义、发展史与现状、分类与特点、文化和经济的双重价值等内容。     

辣木的研究开发应用与展望

对辣木的生物学特性、栽培要点、营养与药用价值、加工与开发利用等展开论述,同时分析了我国在辣木科研和市场方面存在的问题,并对辣木未来的研究和市场应用前景提出建议和展望。     

中国''''99昆明世界园艺博览会蔬菜瓜果园

蔬菜瓜果园作为中国’99昆明世界园艺博览会六大专题展园之一 ,占地 4 90 0ｍ2 。园内以农舍草屋为中心 ,通过瓜架、篱笆、草亭及蔬菜瓜果栽培 ,构出一幅农家乐园式的田园风光。另外 ,通过集中展示中国蔬菜瓜果的科技生产水平 ,丰富的资源优势 ,色彩缤纷、新奇别致的蔬菜瓜果品种 ,来突出本次世博会的主题“人与自然 ,和谐发展———迈向 2 1世纪” ,从而展现“蔬菜瓜果园艺是人类赖以生存的重要食源和艺术”为主题思想的蔬菜瓜果园内涵。　　蔬菜瓜果园位于世博园主入口世博大道南侧 ,与盆景园、药草园相邻。在总体布局、栽培上充分运用园…     

Wetlands, carbon, and climate change

Wetland ecosystems provide an optimum natural environment for the sequestration and long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere, yet are natural sources of greenhouse gases emissions, especially methane. We illustrate that most wetlands, when carbon sequestration is compared to methane emissions, do not have 25 times more CO₂ sequestration than methane emissions; therefore, to many landscape managers and non specialists, most wetlands would be considered by some to be sources of climate warming or net radiative forcing. We show by dynamic modeling of carbon flux results from seven detailed studies by us of temperate and tropical wetlands and from 14 other wetland studies by others that methane emissions become unimportant within 300 years compared to carbon sequestration in wetlands. Within that time frame or less, most wetlands become both net carbon and radiative sinks. Furthermore, we estimate that the world’s wetlands, despite being only about 5–8 % of the terrestrial landscape, may currently be net carbon sinks of about 830 Tg/year of carbon with an average of 118 g-C m^?2 year^?1 of net carbon retention. Most of that carbon retention occurs in tropical/subtropical wetlands. We demonstrate that almost all wetlands are net radiative sinks when balancing carbon sequestration and methane emissions and conclude that wetlands can be created and restored to provide C sequestration and other ecosystem services without great concern of creating net radiative sources on the climate due to methane emissions.