湿地松等20个树种种子射线造影技术研究

应用软Ｘ射线仪对湿地松等２０个树种种子进行衬比造影和直接造影技术研究，找出了各树种种子不同焦片片距（３００ｍｍ和２００ｍｍ）不同感光材料（Ｘ光胶片、普通胶片、相纸）的最适电压、电流和曝光时间，以及最适衬比剂、衬比浓度和衬比时间．     

几种造林树种种子贮藏与生活力测定方法初探

几种造林树种种子贮藏与生活力测定方法初探李福双邵秀杰（河北林业学校０５００６１）优良品质的林木种子是培育壮苗，实现林木速生丰产的前提条件。种子的播种品质是否符合生产要求，首先取决于种子是否具有旺盛的生产力，已经丧失生活力的种子，在林业生产上是毫无价值...     

云南省林业厅公告2005年第2号

根据《中华人民共和国种子法》第十六条和《云南省林木种子条例》第十三条的规定，经云南省林木品种审定委员会审定，马关杉木种子园种子等3个林木品种通过审定，白马河云南松母树林种子等9个林木品种通过认定（名录见附件），现予以公告。自公告发布之日起，这些品种可以在公告规定的适宜种植范围内作为林木良种推广使用。     

云南松优树半同胞子代测定

用４６株云南松优树种子，以优树林分的一般林木种子、商品种子和扭松种子作对照，开展了子代测定，综合评选出优良家系１４个。测算出树高、胸径、材积、直纹株率、木纹理扭转度的遗传力分别为０，６３８１、０．７１９２、０．６６５７、０．７９１０、０．９５２４。用中选的优良家系（入选率３０％）估算遗传增益，材积生长量比亲代群体提高１０％以上，比商品种子子代提高２０％以上；直纹株率比亲代提高８１．１８％，比商品种子提高６４．２６％。云南松的早期选择可在３～５年生时进行。子代的材积生长与亲本无关。     

云南松种子萌发对温度、光照和GA3的响应

选择我国西南地区特有树种云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）为对象，研究了其种子萌发对温度、光照和外源性赤霉素及其交互作用的响应。结果表明：（1）20/5℃、25/10℃条件下云南松种子萌发率最高（分别为42%±0.30、40.25%±0.31），温度过高（30/20℃）、过低（4℃）均不利于云南松种子萌发；（2）在光照和黑暗条件下，云南松种子均可正常萌发，光照对云南松种子萌发率没有显著影响（P>0.05）;(3)云南松种子为非休眠类型，在攀西地区春季雨季前期播种有利于其幼苗建立。本文揭示了种子萌发对不同环境因子的响应特征，旨在认识云南松种子的萌发特性，促进造林工程中科学储藏种子和适时、适地播种，对提高西南地区生态恢复造林成活率和幼林的保存率具有重要意义。     

湿地松种子衬比射线检验方法的研究

对温地松种子进行对比射线方法检验,结果表明,其最佳x射线摄影衬比过程为:将种子在25℃下浸种24h,擦干种子表面水分后,置入40%KI溶液中处理5h,在流水中冲洗5～6min,置于70℃下干燥24h。使用SOⅡ胶片和HY—35型射线机时,拍摄条件为:电压20kV,电流4mA,曝光时间100s,焦片距25cm。由此认为,未被浸渗而胚和胚乳发育良好的种子具生活力,可用来估算种子的发芽能力。用上述衬比方法测定35份湿地松种子,其发芽能力与实际发芽率相当一致。     

林木种子检验技术简介

林木种子是林业生产最基本的生产资料，其质量的好坏直接影响到绿化造林的成效。开展林木种子检验，并通过种子质量分析，确定种子使用价值，是保证种子质量以及合理使用种子的重要手段。而要客观、真实地反映种子的需求量，种子检验技术的运用得当、准确与否是关键所在。现将目前国内外所运用的林木种子检验技术简介如下：1常规检验《林木种子检验规程》（GB2772—1999）（以下简称《规程》）是现阶段我国法定使用的林木种子检验依据，其中规定了149个树种的检验技术条件，48个种子的生活力测定技术条件和130个树种的优良度鉴别方法。内容…     

云南松天然林最适保留密度的探讨

云南松天然林最适保留密度的探讨杨再强（西昌农业高等专科学校）谢以萍（四川西昌市林业局云南松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）是四川西南山地主要森林植被，活立木蓄积占全省森林总蓄积的２０％。凉山州云南松森林面积达７３．３万公顷。目前云南松天然林经营作...     

软X射线摄影在林木种子工作中的应用

软Ｘ射线摄影在林木种子工作中的应用张克聚，李国锋，郑子清（河南省林业技术推广站，沁阳市林业局）景石头，任丽萍，朱军（卢氏县林木种子站，确山县种子站）软ｘ射线摄影术是利用一种波长较长、穿透能力较弱的软系Ｘ—射线作为光源进行透视摄影的技术。自７０年代瑞典...     

林业应用稀土的技术与效果

稀土在提高林木种子发芽率，促进杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａ ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）、木荷（Ｓｃｈｉｍａ ｓｕｎｅｒｂａ Ｇａｒｄｎ，ｅｔ Ｃｈａｍｐ）、板栗（Ｃａｓｔａｎｅａ ｍｏｌｌｉｓｓｉｍａ Ｂｌｕｍｅ）、泡桐（Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａ ｓｐ）、杨树（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ ｓｐ）等的苗期生长提高苗木质量，提高湿地松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｅｌｌｉｏｔｔｉｉ Ｅｎｇｅｌｍ）、杉木种子园的种     

Enhancing germinability of Schinus molle L. seed lot from Ethiopia with specific gravity and IDS techniques

The IDS (Incubation, Drying and Separation) method was tested on Schinus molle L. seeds collected from Ethiopia in an attempt to sort non-viable from viable seeds. Seeds were incubated for 24 h followed by one, three, four, five, six, nine and twelve hours of drying and then separated in water. All IDS treatments gave 80.5–93.5% germination in the sunken fraction compared with 61% for untreated seeds. The mean germination time of sunken seeds reduced from 11.2 (control) to 8.9–9.2 days (IDS-treated). Specific gravity separation in water of untreated seeds was also tested, and the germination capacity of sunken fraction was 83.5% with a mean germination time of 9.3 days. IDS method can, therefore, be used to enhance both percentage and rate of germination of a seed lot of Schinus molle, which is desirable to produce uniform and vigorous seedlings in the nursery or out in the field.     

鄂西红豆古树、初果树种子不同水温处理发芽对比试验

以鄂西红豆古树和初果树种子为材料,采用不同温度热水分别对两批种子进行浸种处理,再在圃地上进行播种发芽试验。结果表明:古树批种子发芽率高低的顺序为始温90℃热水浸种24h始温80℃热水浸种24h始温70℃热水浸种24h始温60℃热水浸种24h;初果树批种子发芽率高低的顺序为始温80℃热水浸种24h始温70℃热水浸种24h始温90℃热水浸种24h始温60℃热水浸种24h。古树批种子用始温90℃热水浸种24h处理方法发芽率最高,达84%;初果树批种子用始温80℃热水浸种24h处理方法发芽率最高,达85%。相同方法处理的种子(除始温90℃热水浸种24h外),初果树批种子比古树批种子的发芽率高。用90℃高温热水浸种处理,会造成初果树种子烫伤,严重影响发芽率,而古树种子不受影响。     

贮藏温度和贮藏时间对垂柳种子生活力的影响

以成熟的垂柳种子为材料,测定了不同贮藏温度和不同贮藏时间下垂柳种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数等生活力指标的变化,以探索贮藏温度和贮藏时间对垂柳种子生活力的影响。结果表明:适当的低温-10℃、-5℃、4℃可以延缓垂柳种子的劣变,延长其贮藏时间;常温20℃与极低温-20℃条件下会降低种子的生活力,表现为活力指数降低;随贮藏天数的增加,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数表现出先升高后降低的趋势,发芽速则是先降低后升高。常温20℃贮藏7天种子发芽率显著下降,在-5℃贮藏3天的条件下种子生活力最强,可应用于垂柳种子萌发及人工种苗培育的实践中。     

Flotation techniques to improve viability of Juniperus polycarpos seed lots

The germination of freshly collected Juniperus polycarpos(K. Koch) seeds is very low and attributed to the large proportion of nonviable seeds in the seed lots.Thus, the aim of this study was to improve seed lot quality by removing nonviable seeds using two flotation techniques: incubation-drying-separation(IDS) and modified specific gravity(MSG) separation. We examined different IDS conditions(the specific incubation time, subsequent drying time and sorting media) for effectively sorting out nonviable seeds; and tested the feasibility of modified SG separation, which involved soaking seeds in water for a certain period before sorting in different concentrations of sucrose solution. Viable seeds were expected to absorb and metabolically bind more water during soaking than dead seeds could, and hence be sorted effectively depending on the viscosity of the sucrose solution. The viability of the seeds that floated or sank was determined in a topographical tetrazolium chloride(TTC) test. For the IDS trial,7 days incubation followed by 9 h of drying and sedimentation in pure water or 200 g L-1sucrose solution identified, respectively, 75 and 82 % of the seeds as viable(sunken) seeds. For the MSG trail, 77 % viable seeds were recovered in the sunken fraction when seeds were soaked for 48 h then immediately sorted in 600 g L-1sucrose solution. In both cases, the loss of viable seeds in the discarded floating fraction was only 4 %. The results demonstrate that both IDS and MSG separation techniques substantially improved seed lot viability, but MSG separation is simple and needs no modern seed handling facility, and its efficacy relies on seed mass(due to the initial soaking) and the specific density and viscosity of the flotation medium.     

华山松种子发芽影响因素和生活力检验方法研究

以泾源县沙塘林场提供的华山松种子为试材,对华山松种子发芽的影响因素和生活力检验方法进行了研究.结果表明:纸床培养的华山松种子的发芽率要高于沙床培养的,两者之间存在显著差异;45℃清水浸种72 h的种子比用细纱1～5℃低温层积过的种子萌芽时间和萌芽高峰期明显滞后;染色时间20h、四唑浓度0.5％、染色温度20℃为检验华山...     

Flotation techniques to improve viability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus polycarpos</Emphasis> seed lots

The germination of freshly collected Juniperus polycarpos (K. Koch) seeds is very low and attributed to the large proportion of nonviable seeds in the seed lots. Thus, the aim of this study was to improve seed lot quality by removing nonviable seeds using two flotation techniques: incubation-drying-separation (IDS) and modified specific gravity (MSG) separation. We examined different IDS conditions (the specific incubation time, subsequent drying time and sorting media) for effectively sorting out nonviable seeds; and tested the feasibility of modified SG separation, which involved soaking seeds in water for a certain period before sorting in different concentrations of sucrose solution. Viable seeds were expected to absorb and metabolically bind more water during soaking than dead seeds could, and hence be sorted effectively depending on the viscosity of the sucrose solution. The viability of the seeds that floated or sank was determined in a topographical tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test. For the IDS trial, 7 days incubation followed by 9 h of drying and sedimentation in pure water or 200 g·L^?1 sucrose solution identified, respectively, 75 and 82 % of the seeds as viable (sunken) seeds. For the MSG trail, 77 % viable seeds were recovered in the sunken fraction when seeds were soaked for 48 h then immediately sorted in 600 g·L^?1 sucrose solution. In both cases, the loss of viable seeds in the discarded floating fraction was only 4 %. The results demonstrate that both IDS and MSG separation techniques substantially improved seed lot viability, but MSG separation is simple and needs no modern seed handling facility, and its efficacy relies on seed mass (due to the initial soaking) and the specific density and viscosity of the flotation medium.     

野生欧洲李种子萌发特性

为了掌握野生欧洲李种子萌发特性,探讨野生欧洲李实生繁殖规律,以新疆野生欧洲李为研究对象,观察种子形态,测定种子千粒质量、种皮透水性、种子含水量、种子活力,测定种子浸提液对白菜种子发芽和胚根生长抑制活性的影响。结果表明:新疆野生欧洲李种子的种皮透水性比较差;种子含水量为30.57%;TTC法检测种子活力为81.67%;4℃低温沙藏层积的野生欧洲李种子,在处理后90 d种子出现萌发,持续层积200 d后总萌发率为47%;种子各部分浸提液对白菜种子发芽率作用不明显,但对胚根生长有明显的抑制作用,随着浸提液浓度增长,对白菜种子发芽抑制活性越强,其胚根长度越短;随着野生欧洲李层积天数的增加,浸提液处理的白菜种子胚根长度增加;野生欧洲李种子各部分浸提物对白菜种子发芽抑制活性顺序为:种胚最强,种皮次之,种壳最弱。     

Effects of presowing treatments, desiccation and storage conditions on germination of Strychnos nux-vomica seeds, a valuable medicinal plant

Seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica have slow and erratic germination; thus different presowing treatments were applied to enhance the germination of its seeds collected from Tamaraikulam, Tamil Nadu, India. In addition, the effects of desiccation and different storage conditions on the germination of S. nux-vomica seeds were investigated. The results show that soaking in 500 ppm gibberellic acid (GA₃) for 24 h, incubation of seeds at 40 °C for 3 days and alternate water soaking (16 h) and drying (8 h) for 14 days significantly increased the percentage germination compared to the control. Desiccation of seeds down to 10% moisture content resulted in better germination. Germination of S. nux-vomica seeds differed significantly between different storage periods, moisture contents of the seed and for first and second order interactions (p<0.001). The highest germination (92%) was achieved when seeds with 10% moisture content were stored at ambient temperature for 30 weeks. Evidence from the present study indicates that S. nux-vomica seeds possess physiological dormancy that can be broken effectively by after-ripening. As seeds of S. nux-vomica are found to be desiccation tolerant, dry seed (10% moisture content) can be hermitically stored at ambient temperature for 30 weeks without losing their viability.     

欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子形态及萌发特性研究

以引进俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子为材料,对不同种源种子形态及其萌发特性进行研究的结果表明:不同种源种子吸水量没有显著差异,而在种长、种宽、种厚、翅长、翅宽、千粒重、含水率、生活力、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数存在显著差异;新西伯利亚种源种子最大、质量最重、发育最好、有生活力种子高达82.75%;采用混雪冷藏处理种子萌发能力最强,新西伯利亚种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别达到67.63%、55.41%、27.19;而对照种源采用低温冷藏处理种子萌发效果最差,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别为38.51%、32.42%、11.89。     

NaCl、KNO_3胁迫处理对麻疯树种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

分别用0.3%、0.5%、0.7%的NaCl溶液和KNO3溶液浸泡麻疯树(Jatropha curcasL.)种子(以自来水浸泡作对照)24 h后播种,置于温度25℃、光照12 h.d-1、光照强度2 000 lx条件下培养;15 d后将幼苗移栽置于自然条件下,观测种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理生化等指标。结果表明:盐溶液胁迫处理的种子发芽率比对照下降15%以上;0.5%的KNO3溶液处理麻疯树种子对其幼苗生长有促进作用;0.7%的NaCl溶液和KNO3溶液能有效提高幼苗的抗性。