湖北省某磷矿选矿试验研究

某磷矿属海相沉积型磷块岩矿床,磷酸盐矿物主要为泥晶磷灰石(俗称胶磷矿),脉石矿物主要为白云石、石英和粘土矿物,属较难选别磷块岩.本研究依据该胶磷矿的矿石性质,采用重液浮沉—反浮选联合工艺流程,得到磷精矿品位P2O531%以上,MgO 1%左右,回收率88%以上的精矿产品.     

胶磷矿不同磨矿细度单体解离度测定及其浮选应用

通过测定胶磷矿在不同磨矿细度下的单体解离度,来计算磷矿的理论最大回收率,进而通过比较实际回收率与理论最大回收率来判定浮选指标的优劣.利用偏光显微镜观测,采用过尺线测法,在磨矿细度-0.076mm含量分别占84.23%、88.71%、92.74%和95.16%的条件下,测定了磷块岩中有用矿物(胶磷矿)和脉石矿物(白云石、石英)的单体解离度.据此计算获得了对应磨矿细度下胶磷矿的理论最大回收率,分别为95.11%、95.71%、96.70%和96.72%.初步浮选试验显示磨矿细度在-0.076mm占88.71%时较为适宜,浮选脱镁率为88.76%,磷精矿实际回收率为87.54%.在此磨矿细度下,通过优化浮选工艺流程及药剂制度,浮选磷精矿实际回收率可达91.24%,精矿中磷酸盐矿物的回收率可达95.33%,说明通过测定胶磷矿的单体解离度来优化指标是可行的.     

沉积变质型黄梅磷灰岩工艺矿物学研究

利用矿物自动定量分析系统（AMICS）及偏光显微镜对黄梅沉积变质型磷灰岩开展了系统的工艺矿物学研究,并进行了浮选验证试验。研究结果表明:该磷灰岩中主要磷矿物为磷灰石（23.57%）,主要脉石矿物为石英（26.32%）和钾长石（26.51%）,次要的脉石矿物为白云石（12.12%）和方解石（3.68%）;且磷灰石、石英、钾长石的嵌布粒度较粗,只有少量白云石和方解石以浸染的方式嵌布在胶磷矿内部;当矿石粒度度小于0.074 mm占57.71%时,磷灰石、石英和钾长石基本实现单体解离（解离度＞80%）;随后采用一粗一精浮选试验进行验证,发现在该磨矿粒度下,可获得91.84%的浮选回收率,且精矿中P₂O₅品位为35.77%。     

深度氧化脂肪酸MG-2浮选胶磷矿的性能及机理

对碳酸盐脉石胶磷矿浮选捕收剂深度氧化脂肪酸MG-2的浮选性能与作用机理和NaOL进行了对比。纯矿物试验表明,MG-2的耐低温性更好,捕收力更强。实际矿物浮选中,MG-2表现出良好的选择性。单一正浮选闭路试验指标为:精矿的P2O5含量29.36%,尾矿P2O5含量为4.70%,P2O5总回收率达到了88.49%,取得了较好指标。通过吸附量测试、CMC值测试和红外光谱测试,研究了温度和药剂浓度对MG-2在矿物表面吸附的影响。结果表明,MG-2在胶磷矿表面主要为牢固的化学吸附。     

提高浙江青田钼精矿质量的探讨

浙江青田钼矿属于石英——绢云母——辉钼矿热液型矿床。矿石中金属矿物主要是辉钼矿、黄铁矿,次之为镜铁矿、褐铁矿;脉石矿物主要为石英,次之为绢云母。目前现场生产仅回收钼矿物,其生产流程为一粗、二扫、七精的浮选流程。药剂条件为:捕收剂——煤油,调整剂——石灰,抑制剂和矿泥分散剂——水玻璃。当原矿中绢云母、石英含量增高时,其精矿指标较低,达不到合格产品(青田化工厂要求钼精矿中含钼40％以上者为合格产     

铝硅酸盐矿物浮选中捕收剂的设计合成及浮选机理的研究

铝土矿中脉石主要为高岭石、伊利石和叶蜡石等铝硅酸盐矿物,可以采用反浮选脱硅即通过选用合适的捕收剂将这些脉石矿物浮出.本文针对某铝土矿,结合Curis2软件中的高岭石晶体模型分析,从亲矿物基和非极性基两方面设计合成多胺类捕收剂DN12.通过浮选实验、浮选溶液化学计算、动电位测定和红外光谱测定研究该新型药剂对铝硅酸盐矿物的浮选作用及其机理.该捕收剂相对于常规捕收剂对铝硅酸盐矿物有更好的捕收效果,有效浮选pH区间为4~10.该捕收剂与铝硅酸盐矿物的作用以静电作用为主,同时也有氢键作用,从而增强了对矿物的捕收能力.     

铜镍尾矿浮选柱再选试验研究

为回收铜镍矿工业尾矿的镍金属元素,实现对贫细难选硫化镍矿的高效分选,以旋流-静态微泡浮选柱为分选设备,采取二粗三精的浮选工艺流程,入料镍品位为0.234%,得到镍精矿品位为2.615%,镍尾矿品位为0.219%.利用扫描电镜和能谱仪检测分选样品的种类及元素含量,采用自动定量分析测试系统MLA检测样品矿物组成和单体解离度,结果表明,损失在尾矿中的镍元素主要是呈细小粒状或脉状嵌布于脉石矿物中的镍黄铁矿、氧化镍以及部分难以用浮选方式回收的微细粒级镍黄铁矿单体,旋流静态微泡浮选柱对＜O.043mm矿物回收能力和选择性较强,易选粒级镍黄铁矿单体基本得到回收.     

新磷矿选矿药剂的开发利用

随着易选磷矿资源的日益枯竭,必需大规模开发利用剩余的难选磷矿资源,以满足磷酸生产的需求．不同产地的磷矿性质的差异很大,对选矿工艺的要求也不相同．与磷矿共生的脉石矿物主要有石英、硅酸盐、碳酸盐、铁铝氧化物、黏土矿物、有机质等．在磷矿选矿工艺中,主要还是通过浮选工艺脱除磷矿中的杂质矿物,以获得可以利用的磷酸盐精矿．目前,还没有“通用”的药剂、药剂条件或浮选流程,可以用来浮选不同产地的磷矿．作为选矿药剂公司,阿麦仔致力于根据磷矿石的特性开发新的浮选药剂,用于选别不同地区的磷矿资源,包括中国．本文将介绍使用阿麦仔CustoFloat (CF)类阴离子捕收剂和 CustAmine (CA)类阳离子捕收剂浮选不同地区磷矿的一些实例．     

新磷矿选矿药剂的开发利用（英文）

随着易选磷矿资源的日益枯竭,必需大规模开发利用剩余的难选磷矿资源,以满足磷酸生产的需求.不同产地的磷矿性质的差异很大,对选矿工艺的要求也不相同.与磷矿共生的脉石矿物主要有石英、硅酸盐、碳酸盐、铁铝氧化物、黏土矿物、有机质等.在磷矿选矿工艺中,主要还是通过浮选工艺脱除磷矿中的杂质矿物,以获得可以利用的磷酸盐精矿.目前,还没有"通用"的药剂、药剂条件或浮选流程,可以用来浮选不同产地的磷矿.作为选矿药剂公司,阿麦仔致力于根据磷矿石的特性开发新的浮选药剂,用于选别不同地区的磷矿资源,包括中国.本文将介绍使用阿麦仔CustoFloat~?(CF)类阴离子捕收剂和Cust Amine~?(CA)类阳离子捕收剂浮选不同地区磷矿的一些实例.     

疏水团聚浮选制备洁净煤

疏水团聚浮选是一个有效分选富集微细粒煤的技术,可应用于深度脱除煤中矿物以制备洁净煤.本文首先对疏水团聚的原理进行了介绍,阐明表面疏水的微细矿物颗粒发生团聚的实质是其克服颗粒间的势能垒,并就颗粒表面疏水性、非极性油及机械搅拌对疏水团聚效率的影响进行了概述.随后本文对疏水团聚浮选技术进行了简要叙述,该工艺主要分为强化分散、动能输入和浮选分离3个阶段.最后本文列举了疏水团聚浮选应用于太西无烟煤、加拿大Prince烟煤、陕西神木烟煤和长治焦煤的深度脱灰、脱硫以及制备超纯煤.     

Depressing effect of phenoxyl acetic acids on flotation of minerals containing Ca^2＋/Mg^2＋ gangues

Phenoxyl acetic acids were applied to determine their depressing effect on minerals containing Ca2 /Mg2 gangues. Calcite, mixture of calcite and fluorite, and nickel ore were used in the flotation. And the depression mechanism was studied by the determination of contact angle, zeta potential, adsorptive capacity of collector, and IR analysis as well. It is found that 0.1 mmol/L of phenoxyl acetic acid derived from pyrogallol or gallic acid exhibits strong depressing ability on calcite in almost zero yields at pH value of 9.8, and calcite can be depressed in the flotation of calcite/fluorite mixture for approximate 87% yield of fluorite. The flotation result of practical nickel ore containing serpentine indicates that these two depressants may also show better depression performance to serpentine than traditional depressants such as sodium fluosilicate and carboxylmethyl cellulose. Analysis for the depression mechanism reveals that there exists strong chemical interaction between the depressants and minerals.     

栗木钽铌钨锡矿石工艺矿物学研究

为了更有效地的回收矿石中的有价成分,采用光谱分析、多元素化学分析、岩矿鉴定及物相分析等方法对栗木钽铌钨锡矿矿石的工艺矿物学特征进行了系统研究.结果表明:矿石的矿物主要由石英、钾长石、钠长石及云母组成,四者的含量合计约占矿石的95%;矿石的有价金属元素有钽、铌、钨、锡、铷,分别存在于钽铌(铁)锰矿、黑钨矿、白钨矿、锡石、黝锡矿、云母与钾长石中.根据工艺矿物学研究结果,矿石中可以综合回收的金属矿物包括钽、铌、钨、锡矿物,非金属矿物包括石英、云母以及长石;影响目的矿物回收的工艺矿物学因素主要包括矿石的结构、后期蚀变、矿物自身的脆性以及表面特性的相似性等.     

Interactions between bubble and particles of key minerals of diasporic bauxite through the extended DLVO theory

The flotation of diasporic bauxite is to separate diaspore (valuable mineral) from aluminosilicate minerals (gangue minerals, mainly including kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite), and the microscopic interaction force between the two types of minerals and air bubbles determines the separation efficiency. In this paper, based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, the van der Waals, electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between particles of the four minerals mentioned above and air bubbles in collectorless solution were calculated first, and then diaspore and kaolinite were taken as examples to analyze the influence of various factors such as electrolyte concentration, mineral particle size, air bubble size, collector type (dodecylamine hydrochloride (DAH) and sodium oleate (NaOL)) and concentration, and pulp pH on the interactions between the particles of valuable mineral and gangue minerals and air bubbles. The results showed that the total extended DLVO interactions between the four minerals and air bubbles were repulsive in most cases in collectorless solution. The increase in electrolyte concentration reduced the interaction force or even changed the direction of the force under certain circumstances. The addition of DAH and NaOL can reduce the adhesion energy barrier of kaolinite-bubble and diaspore-bubble respectively. Each type of minerals exhibited a specific interface interaction response with air bubbles in each collector with different pH values. The research results have theoretical guiding significance for the optimization and directional control of diasporic bauxite flotation conditions.     

薄壁套筒类零件磨削夹具的设计及其可靠性分析

为提高薄壁类零件的加工精度,利用蛇形弹簧受轴向力产生径向膨胀而夹紧零件的原理设计了一套薄壁套筒类零件磨削夹具.对夹具中的螺栓拧紧力矩与蛇形弹簧的轴向力之间的关系进行研究显示,当蛇形弹簧所受轴向力为5 000 N时,螺栓所需拧紧的力矩为309.46 N·m.利用Workbench软件对夹具中螺栓拧紧力矩(309.46 N·m)的工作状态进行有限元分析表明,夹具所使用的材料可满足其性能要求; 蛇形弹簧应力集中处为Φ25轴径处,蛇形弹簧过盈配合处(Φ36内径)胀紧变形为0.007 mm,最大应变为0.000 51,最大应力为101.79 MPa; 蛇形弹簧膨胀接触处为套阀阀芯变形最大处,最大径向变形量为0.002 1 mm、最大应力为25.22 MPa、最大应变为0.000 13.对夹具进行可靠性分析表明,其应力可靠度为100%.     

辛基羟肟酸浮选行为的研究进展

羟肟酸是一类高效、低毒、选择性强的捕收剂,已被广泛应用于多种金属矿,特别是稀土矿物的浮选。其中,辛基羟肟酸（OHA）碳链长度适中,生产工艺简单且成本低,具有良好的浮选性能和起泡性能。介绍了OHA的合成方法、捕收机理、分析检测手段及其在稀土矿物、钨矿物、铁矿物、锡石、孔雀石等矿物浮选中的应用。OHA可通过络合作用与多种金属离子形成稳定的杂环螯合物,从而实现药剂在矿物表面的选择性吸附。OHA浮选pH范围较宽,pH为7左右浮选效果最佳。在抑制剂的作用下,OHA能实现稀土矿物、钨矿物等有价矿物与重晶石、萤石、石英等脉石矿物的有效分离。开发基于OHA 的组合药剂,有望获得更好的选别指标和经济效益。     

空调挡水器汽水分离效果的数值模拟与测试

对蛇型和人字型2种常用挡水板在不同风速下的分离效率和阻力开展了分析和研究。在高风速环境下,使用Fluent软件建立了蛇型挡水板的二维平面模型,采用液滴轨迹、液滴出口直径分布作为评价指标,并设计了不同风速下的汽水分离测试实验,对所建立的二维平面模型进行了验证。对比数值模拟计算结果和测试结果一致发现,蛇型挡水板分离率高于人字型挡水板,阻力损失也较小。由此证明了模型的可靠性,以及蛇型挡水板的可行性和实用性。     

Flotation of niobite, fersmite, and ilmenorutile

The flotation of niobite, fersmite, and ilmenorutile was studied using 3 collectors with various concentration and pulp pH. The collecting property of different representative collectors was investigated. Experimental results show that diphosphonic acid is an effective collector for valuable niobium-containing minerals. A flotation recovery of 90.87%-91.7% is obtained with 75 mg/L diphosphonic acid at pH 2-4. The chemical adsorption of diphosphonic acid on these 3 minerals’ surface might lead to the high re...     

Preparation of semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry poured through a water-cooled serpentine channel

A water-cooled serpentine channel pouring process was invented to produce semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry for rheocasting, and the effects of pouring temperature and circulating cooling water flux on the microstructure of the slurry were investigated. The results show that at the pouring temperature of 640-680°C and the circulating cooling water flux of 0.9 m3/h, the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry with spherical primary α(Al) grains can be obtained, whose shape factors are between 0.78 and 0.86 and the grain diameter can reach 48-68 μm. When the pouring temperatures are at 660-680°C, only a very thin solidified shell remains inside the serpentine channel and can be removed easily. When the serpentine channel is cooled with circulating water, the microstructure of the semi-solid slurry can be improved, and the serpentine channel is quickly cooled to room temperature after the completion of one pouring. In terms of the productivity of the special equipment, the water-cooled serpentine channel is economical and efficient.     

Enrichment of Nb and Ti from carbonatite pyrochlore ore via calcining-slaking followed by gravity separation

In this work, a novel process consisting of calcining-slaking followed by gravity separation for the enrichment of niobium (Nb) and titanium (Ti) from carbonatite pyrochlore ore was proposed, validated and compared with the current mainstream flotation method. During calcining of the pyrochlore ore, within which the carbonates were transformed into lime. Subsequently, when the calcined ore was slaked, lime was transformed into hydroxide with fine particles which were amenable to gravity separation. After calcining at 900 ℃ for 60 min, slaking at 90 ℃ for 10 min with a liquid–solid ratio of 3:1 (mL/g), approximately 40% of tailings can be removed by gravity separation, the recoveries of Nb and Ti were 94.7% and 91.0%, and the enrichment ratios of Nb and Ti were 1.61 and 1.43, respectively. The new approach exhibits high separation efficiency of carbonate gangue minerals and valuable minerals, satisfactory recoveries of niobium as well as titanium can be achieved.