检修作业现场实施有效的标准化监督

安全生产监督体系的作用的发挥,特别针对施工检修现场,如何控制现场作业中的危险点,控制作业人员的工作行为,使其安全工作,到达检修作业过程中安全的可控和在控,是安全监督人员一个重要的研究课题。为此,本文作者针对当前检修现场安全监督不到位的现象,广泛分析事故发生的机理,结合现代安全管理理论,制定了控制检修作业现场危险点的"安全监督卡",使检修作业现场的安全监督走上了规范化、标准化的道路,进一步充实了安全监督的内涵,提高了安全监督质量。     

再议建筑施工中人的几种不安全行为

建筑工程施工现场危险因素众多，事故频发，安全管理压力难度很大，作业人员的安全意识偏低，因此，控制好人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态在时空上的交又是预防事故的关键所在。本人就建筑施工现场常见的人的不安全行为进行简要剖析，提出一些自己的看法。     

关于提高煤矿企业作业人员生产安全的策略研究

随着企业管理的规范和生产技术水平的提高,中国煤炭企业的安全生产状况呈现出趋于好转的形势,但由于安全基础工作薄弱、作业人员素质较低等原因,造成煤矿企业作业人员的生产安全问题没有得到根本的解决。本文以煤矿安全生产的现状分析为现实依据,在此基础上探讨了提高煤矿企业作业人员生产安全的策略：建立控制安全风险的正式制度体系、增强煤矿作业环境的安全系数、加强煤矿作业人员的安全培训。     

刍议电力工作票与操作票的管理

人是生产过程中最活跃的因素,人员作业行为对电力安全生产有着最直接的影响。如何有效控制人员的行为,如何确保操作流程符合生产的客观规律,需要我们建立行之有效的现场工作行为规范。     

建筑施工现场的安全管理

近年在建筑工程施工工地因施工人员复杂,工程工期紧,作业环境差,施工过程危险源多,作业人员的安全意识偏底。安全事故时有发生,纵观其原因,一方面是安全责任不明确,安全监督管理制度不健全,另一方面是施工企业内部管理弱化,尤其是施工现场管理存在漏洞,缺乏有效的安全防护措施,责任不落实,管理人员和操作人员未进行必要的教育培训,缺乏应有的安全技术常识,违章指挥,违规操作等。     

施工现场安全风险的评价和控制策划

建筑施工现场是职业健康安全事故多发地区,作业人员的流动性、施工现场多种不确定性、作业现场的复杂性,是造成其安全事故多发的原因。事前识别施工现场的职业健康安全主要风险,策划控制方法,对降低施工安全风险,遏制安全事故的发生,能够起到有效的预防     

视频监控系统在煤矿采掘工作面的实现与应用

随着煤矿综合自动化水平的提高,利用现代电子技术、自动化技术和网络技术实现对矿井生产过程的全面监控,使得煤矿生产和管理更加科学高效。视频监控系统是综合自动化系统建设中的一部分具有举足轻重的作用,随着应用水平的提高,将视频监控系统服务范围逐渐延伸到采掘工作面,人员施工集中的地点,实现对施工人员的安全行为和作业环境的监控。     

试论井巷施工安全管理

本文通过结合井巷施工安全管理的相关知识点，分别从安全管理责任的落实、井巷作业人员的培训、安全检查与管理的重视、作业操作程序的规范、管理技术与安全技术的结合、安全事故处理及调查的正确方式等几个方面，对井巷施工安全管理的有效措施进行了详细的分析和探究，以期能够给予广大的铁矿井巷作业人员在处理施工安全管理方面上的一些参考和帮助。     

建筑施工监理现状及质量提升措施分析

本文针对建筑施工监理的主要工作内容进行剖析,结合建筑施工监理的现状,包括监督管理机制不完善、监理工作界限不明显、监理人员的技能水平参差不一、开工报告审查力度较小、施工材料监督水平较低等,通过研究完善监督管理机制、规范监理的相关行为、加强相关人员的技能培养、严格审查开工报告、提升施工材料的监督水平等措施,目的在于提升建筑施工监理质量,提高建筑工程的施工质量。     

油田联合站施工动火作业的安全管理

本文针对联合站动火作业施工,提出了作业前准备、作业过程管理及相关人员职责的规范化管理对策,确保联合站动火施工安全,避免造成人员伤害和矽产损朱。     

Behavior-based safety on construction sites: A case study

This work presents the results of a case study and describes an important area within the field of construction safety management, namely behavior-based safety (BBS). This paper adopts and develops a management approach for safety improvements in construction site environments. A rigorous behavioral safety system and its intervention program was implemented and deployed on target construction sites. After taking a few weeks of safety behavior measurements, the project management team implemented the designed intervention and measurements were taken. Goal-setting sessions were arranged on-site with workers’ participation to set realistic and attainable targets of performance. Safety performance measurements continued and the levels of performance and the targets were presented on feedback charts. Supervisors were asked to give workers recognition and praise when they acted safely or improved critical behaviors. Observers were requested to have discussions with workers, visit the site, distribute training materials to workers, and provide feedback to crews and display charts. They were required to talk to operatives in the presence of line managers. It was necessary to develop awareness and understanding of what was being measured. In the process, operatives learned how to act safely when conducting site tasks using the designed checklists. Current weekly scores were discussed in the weekly safety meetings and other operational site meetings with emphasis on how to achieve set targets. The reliability of the safety performance measures taken by the company's observers was monitored. A clear increase in safety performance level was achieved across all categories: personal protective equipment; housekeeping; access to heights; plant and equipment, and scaffolding. The research reveals that scores of safety performance at one project improved from 86% (at the end of 3rd week) to 92.9% during the 9th week. The results of intervention demonstrated large decreases in unsafe behaviors and significant increases in safe behaviors. The results of this case study showed that an approach based on goal setting, feedback, and an effective measure of safety behavior if properly applied by committed management, can improve safety performance significantly in construction site environments. The results proved that the BBS management technique can be applied to any country's culture, showing that it would be a good approach for improving the safety of front-line workers and that it has industry wide application for ongoing construction projects.     

基于人因工程的施工人员安全教育效果优化研究

以人为本地开展施工企业的安全教育工作,针对施工企业施工人员安全教育的现状,从人因工程的角度探究改善安全教育效果不佳的措施。统计工作人员在接受安全教育后15 d内产生不安全行为的类别及次数,并对记录的实验数据进行分析处理,确定保护他人安全意识及规范习惯性不安全行为的安全教育效果不佳。利用得出的结论对工人进行反馈调查,结果表明问题产生的原因主要是人际关系和有针对性的安全操作技术培训强度不够。结合人因工程理论的作业活动分解理论,从安全教育培训方式、工人接受意愿和安全教育效果的保持性等方面提出了相应的改善措施,为施工企业提升施工人员安全教育培训效果提供了新途径。     

A Big-Data-based platform of workers’ behavior: Observations from the field

Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) has been used in construction to observe, analyze and modify workers’ behavior. However, studies have identified that BBS has several limitations, which have hindered its effective implementation. To mitigate the negative impact of BBS, this paper uses a case study approach to develop a Big-Data-based platform to classify, collect and store data about workers’ unsafe behavior that is derived from a metro construction project. In developing the platform, three processes were undertaken: (1) a behavioral risk knowledge base was established; (2) images reflecting workers’ unsafe behavior were collected from intelligent video surveillance and mobile application; and (3) images with semantic information were stored via a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). The platform was implemented during the construction of the metro-system and it is demonstrated that it can effectively analyze semantic information contained in images, automatically extract workers’ unsafe behavior and quickly retrieve on HDFS as well. The research presented in this paper can enable construction organizations with the ability to visualize unsafe acts in real-time and further identify patterns of behavior that can jeopardize safety outcomes.     

Evaluating a novice driver and pre-driver road safety intervention

Intervention or evaluation studies represent a small proportion of traffic psychology research. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a road safety intervention by measuring attitudes toward unsafe driving behaviors and risk perception. A sample of high school students (n = 133) participated in a road safety intervention program focusing on attitudes and risk perceptions of young people as novice drivers, pre-drivers, and passengers. This sample was compared with a matched sample of students who did not take the program (n = 172) on their attitudes and perceived risk toward unsafe driving, both prior to the program (T1), immediately after the program (T2), and at 6-week follow-up (T3). While no changes in attitudes toward unsafe driving were found for the control group, the intervention group reported riskier attitudes toward unsafe driving behaviors from T1 to T2 and T3. No differences were found from T1 to T3 in perceived risk toward unsafe driving for either the intervention or control groups. Implications of the study include encouraging a higher rate of road safety program evaluations, leading to better understanding of the effectiveness of road safety intervention programs and how they may be designed and delivered to ensure lower engagement in unsafe driving behaviors by young drivers.     

Research on Systematic Analysis and Countermeasures of the Buildings Construction Safety Problems

The buildings construction safety problems contain various safetyhidden dangers that caused by the human unsafe behaviors, the substance unsafe conditions, operation environment unsafe factors and management defects. The authors summarize comprehensively the problems of buildings construction safety in China at present based on grasping the whole safety status of buildings construction, and the synthetic countermeasures including the systems about laws, management, technology and education civilization for buildings construction safety management are brought up based on the viewpoint of safety system theory. Then it is thought that building scientific management mechanisms and popularizing effective management methods and measures are the fundamental ways for improving further the level of safety management for buildings construction in China at present.     

A system dynamics approach for modeling construction workers’ safety attitudes and behaviors

Construction accidents are caused by an unsafe act (i.e., a person's behavior or activity that deviates from normal accepted safe procedure) and/or an unsafe condition (i.e., a hazard or an unsafe mechanical or physical environment). While there has been dramatic improvement in creating safer construction environments, relatively little is known regarding the elimination of construction workers’ unsafe acts. To address this deficiency, this paper aims to develop a system dynamics (SD)-based model of construction workers’ mental processes that can help analyze the feedback mechanisms and the resultant dynamics regarding the workers’ safety attitudes and safe behaviors. The developed model is applied to examine the effectiveness of three safety improvement policies: incentives for safe behaviors, and increased levels of communication and immersion in accidents. Application of the model verifies the strong potential of the developed model to provide a better understanding of how to eliminate unsafe acts, and to function as a robust test-bed to assess the effectiveness of safety programs or training sessions before their implementation.     

Critical factors and paths influencing construction workers’ safety risk tolerances

While workers’ safety risk tolerances have been regarded as a main reason for their unsafe behaviors, little is known about why different people have different risk tolerances even when confronting the same situation. The aim of this research is to identify the critical factors and paths that influence workers’ safety risk tolerance and to explore how they contribute to accident causal model from a system thinking perceptive. A number of methods were carried out to analyze the data collected through interviews and questionnaire surveys. In the first and second steps of the research, factor identification, factor ranking and factor analysis were carried out, and the results show that workers’ safety risk tolerance can be influenced by four groups of factors, namely: (1) personal subjective perception; (2) work knowledge and experiences; (3) work characteristics; and (4) safety management. In the third step of the research, hypothetical influencing path model was developed and tested by using structural equation modeling (SEM). It is found that the effects of external factors (safety management and work characteristics) on risk tolerance are larger than that of internal factors (personal subjective perception and work knowledge & experiences). Specifically, safety management contributes the most to workers’ safety risk tolerance through its direct effect and indirect effect; while personal subjective perception comes the second and can act as an intermedia for work characteristics. This research provides an in-depth insight of workers’ unsafe behaviors by depicting the contributing factors as shown in the accident causal model developed in this research.     

Study on Big Data-based Behavior Modification in Metro Construction

With the rapid development of metro construction in China, construction accidents frequently happen, which are significantly attributable to workers’ unsafe behavior. Behavior-based safety (BBS) is an effective method to modify workers’ unsafe behavior. This paper introduces the study on big data-based metro construction behavior modification, aiming to solve the problem of current research without consideration of workers’ personal characters. First, the behavior modification pushing mechanism based on content-based personalized recommendation is studied. Secondly, the development of behavior modification system of metro construction (BMSMC) is introduced. Thirdly, BMSMC practical applications using the unsafe behavior rate, S as a measuring indicator is implemented. Observations at one metro construction site in Wuhan indicate that the unsafe behavior rate of modified scaffolders at this work place decreased by 69.3%. At the same time, as of unmodified scaffolders at another work place for comparison, the unsafe behavior rate decreased by 56.9%, which validates the effectiveness of this system.     

The effects of error management climate and safety communication on safety: A multi-level study

Work in the construction industry is considered inherently dangerous, despite the technological improvements regarding the safety of work conditions and equipment. To address the urgent need to identify organizational predictors of safety performance and outcomes among construction workers, the present study examined multi-level effects of two important indicators of safety climate, namely contractor error management climate and worker safety communication, on safety behavior, injury, and pain among union construction workers. Data were collected from 235 union construction workers employed by 15 contractors in Midwest and Northwest regions of the United States. Results revealed significant main effects for safety communication and error management climate on safety behaviors and pain, but not on injuries. Our findings suggest that positive safety communication and error management climate are important contributors to improving workplace safety. Specific implications of these results for organizational safety research and practice are discussed.     

Young worker safety behaviors: development and validation of measures

We conducted four studies to develop and validate measures of workplace safety-related behaviors relevant to young workers. The conceptual basis for this set of measures is a range of behavioral responses to deteriorating conditions (e.g., exit, voice, and loyalty, Hirschman, 1970; exit, voice, loyalty/patience, and neglect, Rusbult et al., 1982). In Study 1, items were generated by young workers (n = 39) who participated in focus groups. The representativeness of these items was judged in Study 2 by a separate sample of young workers (n = 79). In Study 3, we found support for five factors using exploratory factor analysis with a sample of young workers (n = 266). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in Study 4 using a separate sample (n = 282) and this supported the five-factor model. Self-report data on these participants and other-report (co-worker) data on a sub-sample (n = 26) of the same participants provided additional support for the validity of the scales. Overall, these studies support the validity and reliability of this set of safety-related behaviors: intentions to quit an unsafe job (exit), speaking out about safety concerns (voice), adapting to a dangerous job hoping that safety conditions improve (patience), deliberately letting safety conditions worsen (neglect), and following safety policies (compliance). This set is useful for evaluating safety interventions aimed at young workers and studying safety-related behavior in a vulnerable work population.