冷喷涂Ni涂层的微观组织

采用SEM和TEM对冷喷涂Ni涂层的微观组织进行表征.结果表明:在粒子尺寸范围内,Ni涂层的微观组织有明显差异:粒子界面处,微观组织以带状晶和等轴晶为主;界面附近以位错墙、位错缠结形貌为主,且距离界面越近,晶粒细化越明显;两区域对应的组织演变机制分别是高应变速率动态再结晶机制和位错运动导致的晶粒细化机制.     

Ti6Al4V切削过程中动态再结晶模拟

零件的力学和物理性能很大程度上取决于材料的微观组织和化学成分,针对钛合金在机加工过程中会发生严重的塑性变形和较高的温度下所触发的动态再结晶(DRX)以及动态回复现象成为了微观组织演化的一种机制,通过建立有限元-元胞自动机(FE-CA)耦合的DRX预测模型,该模型包括位错密度模型、晶粒形核模型、晶粒长大模型,目的是为了研究车削钛合金过程中的微观组织演化机制,在不同进给量下温度、应变、应变率对DRX的影响规律,结果表明:温度的增大有利于DRX行为的发生,较高的应变有利于DRX晶粒的长大,较大的应变率增强了形核率的发生而抑制了晶粒的长大;随着进给的增大,切屑更容易发生DRX,切屑晶粒细化程度增强,而已加工表面细化程度减弱,刀具后刀面磨损更易触发已加工表面的DRX。     

基于微观结构的多晶Cu纳米压痕表面缺陷研究

基于多晶材料的微观拓扑结构,从多晶Cu纳米压痕中晶粒内部、晶界面、三叉晶界和顶点团等4类微观结构与缺陷结构的配位数、内应力、原子势能等方面,研究了压痕表面位错缺陷的演化机制。结果表明:当高维数的微观结构承载压应力时,与其邻近的低维数微观结构表现为拉应力,且更低维数的微观结构(顶点团)更易表现为拉应力;位错缺陷形核时其原子具有较高的内应力与原子势能,扩展时其边缘的不完全位错原子内应力高于内部堆垛层错原子内应力;位错形核与扩展和内应力的累积与释放具有相似的方向性,首先扩展至低维数的顶点团、三叉晶界,而后传递至高维数的晶界面并止于晶界面。     

相场方法研究变形镁合金的晶粒分布

结合多态相场(MSPF)模型与晶体畸变模型,获得变形镁合金初始变形晶粒组织以及合金内部的非均匀储存能分布,计算模拟不同退火温度条件下的再结晶形核和晶粒长大的微观演化过程,分析退火温度对再结晶晶粒长大和晶粒尺寸的影响,对比不同时刻的再结晶晶粒分布特征。结果表明:在相同的变形条件下,位错密度高的区域,如晶界附近,储存能较高,再结晶形核最先在高储存能区域出现,并通过合并与吞噬机制长大;而在变形晶粒内部,储存能较低且分布相对均匀,再结晶过程中形核长大较慢。不同退火温度下晶粒尺寸权重概率的分布表明:低温下会出现双峰结构和异常晶粒长大现象;高温下晶粒长大较快,晶粒尺寸分布向大尺寸方向变化且趋于均匀。     

H156热作模具钢动态再结晶的实验与数值模拟研究

通过Gleeb-1500D热模拟机，对H156热作模具钢进行单道次热压缩实验。实验中，变形温度控制在850～1220℃,应变速率控制在0.001～1 s^-1,真应变为0.7。通过采集数据获得真应力-真应变曲线，得出流变应力与热变形参数之间的数学关系，建立了动态再结晶模型，并借助光学显微镜对不同热变形参数下实验样品的微观组织进行观察分析，建立了晶粒尺寸模型。通过DEFORM-3D有限元软件对H156热作模具钢的动态再结晶行为进行模拟，探究热变形参数对实验材料动态再结晶(DRX)行为的影响。结果表明：随着变形温度的增加，DRX体积分数增加，DRX晶粒分布越均匀；较大的应变速率会导致变形时间缩短，DRX区域减小，细小晶粒缺少充足的时间发生形核长大。因此，提高变形温度、降低应变速率有助于动态再结晶的完成。数值模拟结果与实验结果较吻合，验证了模型的准确性。     

纯铜动态再结晶的三维元胞自动机模拟

用三维元胞自动机法(CA法)模拟纯铜在400℃以0.0005s~(-1)的应变率发生动态再结晶(DRX)的过程.给出了母相和再结晶晶粒的平均位错密度随着应变量的变化规律;根据平均位错密度的变化研究了纯铜动态再结晶中形核、长大、动态回复和加工硬化等过程.模拟了纯铜动态再结晶过程中的应力.应变曲线及平均晶粒尺寸的变化规律,模拟结果与文献中的试验结果吻合较好.     

超声波消除铝合金焊接残余应力微观机制研究

介绍了传统消除残余应力方法的不足,从微观位错的角度阐述了超声波消除焊接残余应力的机制,利用透射电子显微镜观察冲击前后焊缝材料内部晶粒的滑移和位错,采用X射线积分法检测冲击前后的焊接残余应力,并对其进行分析。验证了超声波冲击后,焊缝材料内部晶粒实现了从高能位向低能位的运动,达到了释放残余应力的目的。     

TC4热连轧棒材微观组织演变分析北大核心CSCD

采用热压缩试验获得了TC4钛合金高温变形时的流变应力曲线,并建立相关Yada模型;模拟分析了TC4钛合金棒材热连续轧制过程中再结晶分数、位错密度以及微观组织的一系列变化。结果表明:由于棒材表面晶粒变形完全,在连轧第二道次再结晶分数已达到饱和;随着变形的深入,在连轧第三道次,晶界位错由均匀分布转变为多边形状,初始条形晶粒转变为等轴晶粒,棒材内部晶粒发生动态再结晶;在后续轧制道次中,位错密度相对减小,而等轴晶粒逐渐长大。对连轧后的TC4棒材试样进行微观组织观察,与有限元模拟结果基本吻合。     

激光冲击处理诱导AZ31B镁合金表面纳米化

根据优化的激光工艺参数,利用激光冲击处理技术在AZ31B镁合金上制备出纳米结构表层,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了AZ31B镁合金激光冲击处理后表面纳米层的微观结构,分析了纳米晶粒内微挛晶的成因,探讨了激光冲击处理诱导AZ31B镁合金晶粒细化的机理。晶粒细化机理归纳如下:在原始晶粒内,位错滑移导致位错缠结,应力集中诱发机械孪生;在亚晶粒和已经细化的晶粒内,继续形成位错缠结和位错胞;位错缠结转变成小角度取向差的亚晶界,细分粗大晶粒成亚晶粒;亚晶界演变成大角度晶界,最终形成等轴状、取向随机分布的纳米晶组织。     

TC4热连轧棒材微观组织演变分析

采用热压缩试验获得了TC4钛合金高温变形时的流变应力曲线,并建立相关Yada模型;模拟分析了TC4钛合金棒材热连续轧制过程中再结晶分数、位错密度以及微观组织的一系列变化。结果表明:由于棒材表面晶粒变形完全,在连轧第二道次再结晶分数已达到饱和;随着变形的深入,在连轧第三道次,晶界位错由均匀分布转变为多边形状,初始条形晶粒转变为等轴晶粒,棒材内部晶粒发生动态再结晶;在后续轧制道次中,位错密度相对减小,而等轴晶粒逐渐长大。对连轧后的TC4棒材试样进行微观组织观察,与有限元模拟结果基本吻合。     

Coupled quantitative simulation of microstructural evolution and plastic flow during dynamic recrystallization

A new modelling approach that couples fundamental metallurgical principles of dynamical recrystallization (DRX) with the cellular automaton (CA) method has been developed to simulate the microstructural evolution and the plastic flow behaviour during thermomechanical processing with DRX. It provides an essential link for multiscale modelling to bridge mesostructural dislocation activities with microstructural grain boundary dynamics, allowing accurate predictions of microstructure, plastic flow behaviour, and property attributes. Variations of dislocation density and growth kinetics of each dynamically recrystallizing grain (R-grain) were determined by metallurgical relationships of DRX, and the flow stress was evaluated from the average dislocation density of the matrix and all the R-grains. The growth direction and the shape of each R-grain were simulated using the CA method. The predictions of microstructural evolution and the flow behaviour at various hot working conditions agree well with the experimental results for an oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper. It is identified that the oscillation of the flow stress–strain curve not only depends on thermomechanical processing parameters (strain rate and temperature) but also the initial microstructure. The mean size of R-grains is only a function of the Zener–Hollomon parameter. However, the percentage of DRX is not only related with the Zener–Hollomon parameter, but also influenced by the nucleation rate and the initial microstructure.     

Optimization of deformation parameters of dynamic recrystallization for 7055 aluminum alloy by cellular automaton

In order to simulate the microstructure evolution during hot compressive deformation, models of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) by cellular automaton (CA) method for 7055 aluminum alloy were established. The hot compression tests were conducted to obtain material constants, and models of dislocation density, nucleation rate and recrystallized grain growth were fitted by least square method. The effects of strain, strain rate, deformation temperature and initial grain size on microstructure variation were studied. The results show that the DRX plays a vital role in grain refinement in hot deformation. Large strain, high temperature and small strain rate are beneficial to grain refinement. The stable size of recrystallized grain is not concerned with initial grain size, but depends on strain rate and temperature. Kinetic characteristic of DRX process was analyzed. By comparison of simulated and experimental flow stress–strain curves and metallographs, it is found that the established CA models can accurately predict the microstructure evolution of 7055 aluminum alloy during hot compressive deformation.     

ZK60镁合金高应变速率压缩变形的流变行为及显徽组织

在250-400℃的温度范围和0.1-50 s^-1的应变速率范围内对ZK60合金进行压缩变形,对其流变行为和显微组织进行研究。结果表明,在低应变速率（0.1-1 s^-1）下压缩变形时,再结晶主要发生在初始晶界上;在高应变速率（10-50 s^-1）下压缩变形时,再结晶同时在初始晶界和孪晶上发生。合金在应变速率10-50 s^-1和温度250-350℃的变形条件下获得均匀、细小的再结晶组织。因此,合金的最佳热加工工艺范围为应变速率10-50 s^-1、变形温度250-350℃。高应变速率压缩变形条件下的孪生诱发动态再结晶过程分三步,首先,高位错密度孪晶分割初始晶粒;然后,孪晶内的位错发生重排形成亚晶;最后,随着应变的增加而形成再结晶晶粒。     

Texture Evolution and Dynamic Recrystallization of Zr-1Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr Alloy During Hot Rolling

In the present work,the sheets of Zr-1Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr alloy were hot rolled with different reductions(10%,30%,50%,and 60%) at 1023 K and 1073 K.The micro structure evolutions including grain micro structure,texture,and dislocation were investigated,using electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscope.The results showed that dislocation slip,twinning,and dynamic recrystallization(DRX) were the main deformation mechanisms.DRX was found to be promoted by larger reduction and higher rolling temperature.The predominant texture formed during hot rolling was basal 0001//ND,whose intensity reached peak value after 30% reduction hot rolling.While the intensity of DRX texture 10-10//ND and1-210//ND increased with increasing reduction and temperature.This study provided an effective way to tailor the texture and microstructure of the alloy,for optimizing process parameters.     

Coupled Influence of Temperature and Strain Rate on Tensile Deformation Characteristics of Hot-Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

To explore the coupled effect of temperature T and strain rate_e on the deformation features of AZ31 Mg alloy,mechanical behaviors and microstructural evolutions as well as surface deformation and damage features were systematically examined under uniaxial tension at T spanning from 298 to 523 K and_e from 10-4to 10-2s-1. The increase in T or the decrease in_e leads to the marked decrease in flow stress, the appearance of a stress quasi-plateau after an initially rapid strain hardening, and even to the occurrence of successive strain softening. Correspondingly, the plastic deformation modes of AZ31 Mg alloy transform from the predominant twinning and a limited amount of dislocation slip into the enhanced non-basal slip and the dynamic recrystallization(DRX) together with the weakened twinning. Meanwhile, the cracking modes also change from along grain boundaries(GBs) and at twin boundaries(TBs) or the end of twins into nearby GBs where the DRX has occurred. The appearance of a stress quasi-plateau, the formation of large-sized cracks nearby GBs, and the occurrence of continuous strain softening, are intimately related to the enhancement of the non-basal slip and the DRX.     

应变时效对高应变管线钢焊接接头断裂韧性的影响

为探究应变时效对高应变管线钢焊接接头的影响,对应变时效前后高应变管线钢焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究. 通过硬度测试、断裂韧性试验、数字图像相关(DIC)应变测试方法探究了应变时效处理前后高应变管线钢焊接接头的力学性能特点. 并基于光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)及X射线衍射技术分析了应变时效处理前后焊接接头的微观组织及亚结构特点. 结果表明,应变时效处理后,焊接接头的显微组织未发生明显变化,但内部微裂纹数量增多,焊接接头断裂韧性呈下降趋势,且下降幅度随预应变程度的增大而增大. 分析发现,位错密度增大,应变集中程度伴随几何必要位错密度的升高是导致焊接接头塑性变形能力下降,断裂韧性恶化的重要原因.     

The effect of strain on dynamic recrystallization of PM Ti–45Al–10Nb intermetallics during isothermal forging

The strain in different regions of the pancake was different during isothermal forging process. Different strain could greatly influenced the forged microstructure. In the present work, the relationships between strain, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and microstructure in different regions of powder metallurgy Ti–45Al–10Nb alloy during isothermal forging were investigated. The results show that the microstructure from the center to edge of the forged pancake was inhomogeneous due to the degree of DRX. And DRX was related with the degree of strain, large strain can promote DRX.     

BT25钛合金在锻造过程中失稳变形和动态再结晶行为的数值模拟

分别利用失稳图和功率耗散图确定BT25钛合金失稳变形组织和动态再结晶变形组织的热力参数边界条件,并将其输入到Deform-3D有限元软件中,使加工图技术与有限元技术能够进行有效结合。利用二次开发后的软件对BT25钛合金在变形温度为950~1100 ℃和应变速率0.001~1 s^-1的条件下进行失稳变形组织和动态再结晶行为的模拟和预测,并通过对比金相组织,验证了该模拟结果的可靠性。结果表明,流动应力随变形温度的升高或应变速率的降低而降低;失稳变形组织集中在低温、高应变速率区域;高温和低应变速率均有利于动态再结晶（DRX）行为;微观组织的观察结果与模拟预测的结果吻合较好,说明本研究提出的加工图技术与有限元技术相结合的方法对模拟与预测金属锻造过程中的失稳变形组织和DRX行为是可行的。     

Flow behavior and microstructures of large-grained Fe3Si during high temperature deformation

Fe₃Si polycrystals having a large initial grain size of about 92 μm exhibit a large tensile elongation exceeding 200% at 1173 K and at 4.68×10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. A stress–strain curve corresponding to the large tensile elongation is characterized by a steady state flow after an initial work hardening at a small plastic strain until final fracture. The apparent activation energy and strain rate sensitivity index is estimated to be 120 kJ/mol and 0.30, respectively. The deformation microstructure responsible for the large elongation consists of a well-defined subgrain microstructure with a low dislocation density within dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains evolved during high temperature deformation. Large elongation is achieved by glide motion of 〈001〉 type dislocations. It is suggested that glide and climb motion of 〈001〉 type dislocations leads to simultaneous and/or alternate occurrence of DRX and dynamic recovery (DRV), which retards the initiation of plastic instability and results in large elongation.     

热处理对铀铌合金变形局域化的影响

对多温度点人工时效(200℃/2 h、400℃/2 h、600℃/2 h)铀铌合金在冲击载荷作用下的绝热剪切带形成机理进行了研究,采用Hopkinson压杆装置对铀铌合金帽形样品进行了冲击加载,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对冲击后的回收样品进行了显微组织观察。结果表明,显微组织对剪切带的形成具有重要影响,只在200℃/2 h与600℃/2 h帽形样品台阶处观察到不同类型的绝热剪切带,400℃/2 h样品在冲击过程表现出韧性断裂与脆性断裂的特征,某些区域已经接近或达到熔点。