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1.
利用形态学、细胞学、A—PAGE和RAPD方法,对5个小麦-中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)双体异附加系Line5、Line6、Line11、Line12和Line13进行了鉴定。细胞学鉴定结果表明,它们根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=44,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MⅠ)染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ,具有高度的细胞学稳定性;形态学鉴定和A—PAGE电泳分析证明,Line12和Line13可能附加了中间偃麦草第2部分同源群的染色体,Line5和Line6可能附加了中间偃麦草第1部分同源群的染色体;RAPD分析表明,在供试的80个随机引物中,有2个引物S20和S21能够在亲本中间偃麦草和双体异附加系中稳定扩增出特异带型,并可作为异附加系所附加染色体的特异RAPD标记。  相似文献   

2.
偃麦草E染色体组特异RAPD和SCAR标记的建立   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
用100条10碱基随机引物,以普通小麦中国春,中间偃麦草为材料进行RAPD分析,筛选到一个偃麦草染色体组特异引物OPF03,并从中间偃麦草中克隆了该引物的特异DNA片段OPF031291。将该片断与比萨偃麦草中的OPF031296(GenBank序号U43516)比较,同源性为88%。根据OPF031291的序列,设计了2对SCAR引物,利用OPF03和引物P3,P4对普通小麦,普通小麦-中间偃麦草的部分双二倍体,长穗偃麦草,中间偃麦草,小麦-二倍体长穗偃麦草代换系,附加系共6类材料进行了RAPD和SCAR分析,发现RAP标记OPR031291没有出现在含E^e染色体组的材料中,而标记SCAR982则出现于所有含E染色体组的材料中。说明,根据E^b染色体组特异RAPD标记转化的SCAR标记,可以同时检测小麦背景下的E^e染色体。  相似文献   

3.
小麦-中间偃麦草异附加系Z4的外源染色质的分子标记   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以中间偃麦草基因组DNA为探针对小麦中间偃麦草异附加系Z4进行基因组原位杂交分析,表明异附加系Z4附加的一对中间偃麦草染色体与普通小麦的一对染色体发生了相互易位。对中间偃麦草、Z4和普通小麦品种宛7107进行RAPD分析,在100条随机引物中,有两个引物S1053和S1068在Z4中能扩出中间偃麦草的特异带。在利用Z4进行小麦抗锈病育种时,可使用这两个标记进行辅助选择。  相似文献   

4.
利用分布于小麦7个部分同源群的1 246对引物对15个可能的小麦-长穗偃麦草二体异附加系的4个亲本的基因组DNA进行扩增。结果表明,186对SSR、209对EST-SSR和22对STS引物能够在长穗偃麦草中扩增出不同于其他3个小麦亲本的特异条带,其中18对引物可以在14个附加系中的1~7个附加系扩增出长穗偃麦草的特异带,说明它们可能添加长穗偃麦草的遗传物质。5个附加系(1-3、1-8、1-27、2-6和2-22)可能含有长穗偃麦草第7同源群染色体,4个附加系(5-10、5-20、6-23和6-18)可能含有长穗偃麦草第6同源群染色体。附加系1-13可能附加2条不同同源群的长穗偃麦草染色体。同时发现,小麦与长穗偃麦草杂交及其后代衍生过程中长穗偃麦草染色体间可能发生遗传重组。  相似文献   

5.
小麦-中间偃麦草二体异代换系山农0095的选育及其鉴定   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
 利用小麦品种烟农15与中间偃麦草直接杂交,以烟农15为回交亲本对其杂种F1回交2次,再经自交3次,从BC2F4中选出种质系山农0095。利用形态学、细胞学、种子醇溶蛋白酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)、RAPD和GISH等方法对其进行鉴定。结果表明,山农0095平均株高78 cm,穗长17.3 cm,穗粒数74个,旗叶长36.3 cm,旗叶宽3.03 cm,茎秆粗壮,多花多实,繁茂性好;其根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMC MⅠ)染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;它与烟农15的杂种F1 在减数分裂中期Ⅰ的大多数花粉母细胞能观察到2个单价体,平均染色体构型为2n=20.08Ⅱ+1.84Ⅰ。A-PAGE鉴定结果表明,山农0095在β区出现一条中间偃麦草的特异带;从180个RAPD引物中筛选出一个特异引物S186(5?-GAT ACC TCGG-3?),能够在山农0095中扩增出一条约900 bp中间偃麦草的特异带,标记为S186900;以中间偃麦草基因组DNA为标记探针、中国春基因组DNA为封阻的原位杂交结果进一步表明,山农0095的42条染色体中含有2条完整的中间偃麦草染色体,是小麦-中间偃麦草的二体异代换系。  相似文献   

6.
2个抗白粉病小偃麦异附加系的GISH鉴定   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
以来源于中间偃麦草的八倍体小偃麦TAI7047为供体,以高感白粉病的优质小麦品种晋太170为受体,通过回交转育的方法,从其BC1F4后代群体中筛选出2个稳定的抗白粉病株系CHadd7001和CHadd7002,并运用形态学、细胞学、抗病性、基因组原位杂交的研究方法对其进行了分析、鉴定。基因组原位杂交(GISH)结果表明,CHadd7001和CHadd7002中已分别成功导入1对中间偃麦草的染色体;其中,CHadd7001所附加的外源染色体来自偃麦草的Js组染色体,而CHadd 7002附加的染色体来自偃麦草的J组染色体;根据外源染色体来源、GISH带型和杂交信号的分布,二者为不同的小偃麦异附加系。  相似文献   

7.
基于RNA-seq的百萨偃麦草染色体特异分子标记开发与应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】百萨偃麦草(Thinopyrum bessarabicum Löve, 2n = 2x = 14, JJ或EbEb)是小麦改良的重要亲缘物种,开发染色体特异分子标记对于加快其有利基因向小麦中的转移和应用有重要意义。【方法】利用百萨偃麦草分蘖期叶片RNA-seq获得的EST序列与节节麦D基因组序列进行比对,鉴定出4 957条没有相似性的序列作为筛选百萨偃麦草特异序列的基础序列。从这些基础序列中随机选择部分序列设计EST-PCR引物507对,通过在普通小麦中国春、百萨偃麦草和中国春-百萨偃麦草双二倍体中的扩增分析,筛选出百萨偃麦草基因组特异标记,然后在已经选育出的8个小麦-百萨偃麦草异染色体系中进行染色体定位,并探讨这些标记在小麦染色体工程中的应用潜力;根据谷类作物的共线性,以百萨偃麦草EST序列设计共线性引物100对,并比较这些引物的扩增和定位结果。【结果】在开发的507对引物中,204对(40.2%)在百萨偃麦草和中国春-百萨偃麦草双二倍体中具有特异扩增,多态率远高于利用小麦(12%)和百萨偃麦草(14%)EST设计的234对共线性引物产生的多态率,建立了高效开发小麦亲缘物种特异标记的新方法;利用8个中国春-百萨偃麦草异染色体系,共定位了198个百萨偃麦草特异标记,分别位于染色体1J(31)、2JS(15)、2JL(26)、3JS(20)、4JS(12)、4JL(12)、5J(27)、6JS(13)、6JL(22)和7JS(20),其中189个是根据百萨偃麦草转录组序列设计;利用定位于1J和6J的特异标记确定了4个易位系的染色体身份,其中1个涉及1J的大片段易位,2个涉及6JS的不同区段易位,1个为小片段中间插入易位;利用这些易位系,将30个1J和12个6J特异标记分别定位于2个物理区段。【结论】通过RNA-seq结合与小麦基因组序列比对可以获得小麦亲缘物种相对特异的EST序列并据此开发引物,建立了开发外源染色体特异标记的新方法,开发的标记可应用于小麦异易位系鉴定和缺失物理图谱的绘制。  相似文献   

8.
以异源八倍体小偃麦中4作为抗条锈病染色体的供体亲本,以普通小麦品种铭贤169作为受体亲本,通过杂交、回交、自交、抗病性鉴定和花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体显微镜检查,选择出了含抗条锈病中间偃麦草染色体的二体附加系;对附加系花粉母细胞减数分裂观察发现,终变期有5.2%的细胞中出现了单价体,后期Ⅰ中有7.4%的细胞中存在停留于赤道板上不分离的染色体,表明附加的染色体在一定程度上是不稳定的;所得到的3个附加系中的1个,其组织病理学特征与另外两个明显不同,推测这3个附加系所附加的中间偃麦草染色体并非是同一个。  相似文献   

9.
中间偃麦草在小麦遗传改良中具有重要的作用。通过对小麦-中间偃麦草代换系CH188进行农艺性状、细胞学和分子标记技术鉴定,以确定其优良农艺性状及导入小麦基因组中的外源染色体。结果表明,CH188平均穗长14.60 cm,株高70.60 cm,小穗数、千粒质量等优于主栽品种;根尖细胞的有丝分裂中期染色体数目为2n=42;基于中间偃麦草第6同源群Contig序列开发了160个STS标记,其中,8个可作为识别小麦-中间偃麦草代换系CH188中6St染色体特异标记,可以推测小麦-中间偃麦草代换系CH188是小麦的一对染色体被中间偃麦草6St染色体替代;其优良的农艺性状可能来源于中间偃麦草6St染色体。CH188具有优良的农艺性状,可能是一个小麦-中间偃麦草代换系。  相似文献   

10.
利用染色体C-分带技术,对普通小麦-华山新麦草异代换系和附加系进行了细胞学鉴定。鉴定结果表明,普通小麦-华山新麦草的3个异代换系H921-6-12为5A/Nh5代换、H922-9-12为3B/Nh4代换、H924-3-4为3D/Nh4代换,2个异附加系H8911-1-2-6为Nh4附加、H9014-154-2为Nh7附加。初步推断华山新麦草的Nh5和Nh4染色体分别能补偿普通小麦的5A和3B,3D的缺失。  相似文献   

11.
【目的】获得稳定遗传的大白菜-结球甘蓝二体异附加系。【方法】以大白菜-结球甘蓝5号单体异附加系为材料,对其自交后代进行细胞学及SSR鉴定。【结果】37株自交后代中2n=22植株的比率为10.81%,通过对4个2n=22的植株进行核型分析及SSR鉴定,确定其为大白菜-结球甘蓝5号二体异附加系。减数分裂观察发现,大白菜-结球甘蓝5号二体异附加系后期Ⅰ虽然出现染色体落后现象,但在后期Ⅱ中染色体的分裂方式以11-11-11-11为主,其比率为69.55%。【结论】获得了大白菜-结球甘蓝5号二体异附加系,其外源染色体与甘蓝07连锁群相对应;该二体异附加系减数分裂形成的四分体以附加1条的染色体为主(n=11),有较高的遗传稳定性。二体异附加系的获得为研究芸薹属A、C基因组的亲缘关系,以及向大白菜中导入结球甘蓝的优良基因具有重要意义。  相似文献   

12.
Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 and Z6 are alien addition lines to wheat involving Thinopyrum intermedium chromosomes. We have characterized the Thinopyrum intermedium chromosomes or segments in these lines using multi-color florescence in situ hybridization. The probes used included total genomic DNA of Pseudoroegneria stipfolia (St) and cloned probes of highly tandem repetitive DNA pSc119. 2 and pAs1. Disomic addition lines Z1, Z2 and Z6 have the same single pair of alien chromo-somes carrying the resistant gene(s) to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). This alien chromosome is a St/E translocation; within the long arm, there is a big insertion of an E-genome chromosomalsegment (30%). Disomic addition line Z3 carries one pair of St/E Robertsonian translocation chromosomes ; on the short arm (E) there is a nuclear organizer region, which expresses in some cells. In Z5, the added chromosome is one pair of translocated chromosomes. Chromosomes 2D, 3D and 3Stwere involved in the translocation with great possibility〔2IS · 3DL (0. 47) - 3StL (0. 53)〕. The St segment is responsible for resistance to leaf and stem rusts. Addition line Z4 also carries the translo cated chromosome found in Z5, but in addition carries one pair of 7AS (0. 64) - 7StS (0. 36) · 7StL translocation chromosomes. The 7St fragment bears the stripe rust resistance, and replaces the normal 7A. All of the translocations in Z1, Z2, Z6 and Z3 existed in one of their parents, the wheat Th. intermedium partial amphiploid, Zhong 5. The two wheat-Th. intermedium translocations in Z4 and Z5 occurred during the backcrossing of Zhong 5 to the other wheat varieties in the development of the addition lines. Spontaneous homoeologous translocations showed a close genome relationship between wheat and Th. intermedium. This paper also demonstrated the potential of highly repetitive sequences DNA in verification and characterization of translocation chromosomes.  相似文献   

13.
EST-PCR based molecular markers specific for alien chromosomes are not only useful for the detection of the introgressed alien chromatin in the wheat background, but also provide evidence of the syntenic relationship between homoeologous chromosomes. In the present study, in order to develop high density and evenly distributed molecular markers on chromosome 4V of Haynaldia villosa, a total of 607 primer pairs were designed according to the EST sequences, which were previously located in 23 different bins of wheat chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D. By using the Triticum durum-H, villosa amphiploid and T. aestivum-H, villosa alien chromosome lines involving chromosome 4V, it was found that 9.23% of the tested primers could amplify specific bands for chromosome 4V. Thirty and twenty-six specific markers could be assigned to chromosome arms 4VS and 4VL, respectively. These 4V specific markers provided efficient tools for the characterization of structural variation involving the chromosome 4V as well as for the selection of useful genes located on chromosome 4V in breeding programs.  相似文献   

14.
Expressed sequence tags-derived polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) molecular markers specific for alien chromosomes can be used to not only monitor the introgressed alien chromatin in wheat background, but also provide the evidence of the syntenic relationship between homoeologous chromosomes. In the present study, in order to develop high density and evenly distributed molecular markers specific for chromosome 6VL of Dasypyrum villosum, 297 primer pairs were designed based on the expressed sequence tags (EST) sequences, which were previously mapped in different bins of the long arms of wheat homoeologous 6AL, 6BL, and 6DL. By using the Triticum aestivum, D. villosum, T. durum-D. villosum amphiploid, and T. aestivum-D. villosum alien chromosome lines involving chromosome 6V, it was found that 32 (10.77%) primers could amplify specific bands for chromosome 6V, and 31 could be allocated to chromosome arm 6VL. These 6VL specific markers provided efficient tools for the characterization of structural variation involving the chromosome 6VL in common wheat background as well as for the selection of useful genes located on 6VL in breeding programs.  相似文献   

15.
利用PCR技术初步鉴定小麦-加州野大麦异染色体系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为快速鉴定普通小麦与普通小麦—加州野大麦双二倍体杂交、回交后代植株的染色体组成,研究小麦背景中添加的外源染色体与小麦染色体之间的部分同源关系,选用已被定位在小麦7个部分同源群21条染色体上的38个SSR引物对杂种回交后代植株进行PCR扩增。结果表明,其中27个小麦SSR引物在普通小麦与小麦—加州野大麦双二倍体间有多态性扩增,涉及4个部分同源群的11对引物,可在不同杂种回交植株中扩增出与双二倍体相同的多态带纹;根据PCR扩增和细胞遗传学分析的结果,在18个回交后代中初步鉴定出7个可能的异附加系,其中2个二体异附加系、1个端二体异附加系、2个单体异附加系和2个双单体异附加系。所选育的异附加系分别涉及第1、2、4和7部分同源群。  相似文献   

16.
Near-isogenic lines of soybean lipoxygenase, which contain genes Lox, lx1, lx2, lx3, lx1.3, lx2.3,respectively, were used for polymorphic analysis by RAPD technique.520 10-mer-oligonucleotide primers were screened, and thirteen primers showed polymorphism among near-isogenic lines.There were six primers showed special polymorphic bands among lines lx1 and lx1.3. Especially,primer S352 presented the stable results in which a 900 bp band was found in the lines lx1 and lx1.3, and primer S352900 was detected with F2 generation of cross 96P11×Century-1, indicated primer S352900 could be identified as a RAPD marker linked to gene lx1 in soybeans, the distance of linkage was 7.6 cM.  相似文献   

17.
Genetically stable population of recombination inbred line (RIL) was derived from a cross between a heat tolerant line 177 and a heat sensitive line 276 of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp.pekinensis ) by single seed descent. The RILs were analyzed using isozyme, RAPD and AFLP techniques in order to find molecular markers that are linked to heat tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTL). The results of variance analysis of single factor indicated that there were 9 molecular markers closely linked with heat tolerance QTL, including 5 AFLP markers, 3 RAPD markers and 1 PGM isozyme marker. Total genetic contribution of these makers to heat tolerance was 46.7%. Five of the nine markers distributed in one linkage group,the remaining 4 markers were located in separate groups. Thus the 9 heat tolerance linked markers distributed in 5 independent locations in the genome of Chinese cabbage.  相似文献   

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