废胶粉/碳九石油树脂复合改性高黏沥青及其混合料性能评价与对比

为提高废胶粉(WCR)改性沥青的黏弹性能,研制了 WCR/碳九石油树脂(C9PR)复合改性高黏沥青及其混合料,考察了改性高黏沥青的物理性能和储存稳定性,同时通过一般路用性能试验、动态蠕变试验、疲劳拉伸试验和间接拉伸疲劳试验评价了其OGFC-13混合料的性能,并与普通WCR改性沥青和市售高黏沥青及其混合料进行了对比.结果...     

聚氨酯对环氧树脂改性沥青及混合料性能影响研究

为研究不同用量（20%、30%、40%）聚氨酯（PU）对于环氧树脂（EP）改性沥青及其混合料性能的影响,通过拉伸试验、动态剪切流变和低温弯曲流变试验分析了PU/EP复合改性沥青性能,并利用车辙试验、低温弯曲试验和浸水马歇尔、冻融劈裂试验探讨了复合改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和水稳定性,并以不掺PU的环氧沥青和4%SBS改性沥青混合料为对照组。试验结果表明,加入PU将会降低改性沥青的抗拉强度、车辙因子,但同时提高了沥青的柔韧性和低温性能;加入一定量的PU虽然降低了沥青混合料的高温抗车辙变形能力,但依然远大于4%SBS改性沥青混合料,此外PU加入后明显改善了沥青混合料的低温抗裂性和抗水损害性能。综合各方面性能,建议PU用量为30%～40%。     

石墨烯复合橡胶改性沥青路面性能研究

本文结合甘肃柳敦公路试验段工程实例,研究石墨烯复合橡胶改性沥青(GRA)路面性能。通过常规试验、多应力重复蠕变(MSCR)试验、动态剪切流变(DSR)试验等方法分析研究了GRA性能,并对GRA混合料的路用性能进行了研究。结果表明:GRA与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青相比,针入度降低了12.7%,软化点、高温稳定性及其高温抗变形能力相当,抗应力变形能力及应力敏感性有所提升;GRA与橡胶SBS改性沥青相比,软化点增加了14.1%,弹性恢复增加了6.5%,针入度相当,高温稳定性及其高温抗变形能力有所提升。GRA较SBS改性沥青混合料表现出良好的路用性能,现场混合料更易于压实,渗水较小、强度较高,但构造深度有所降低。     

HMB高模量天然改性沥青混合料动态模量研究

为探究高模量天然改性沥青混合料的动态模量及其主曲线的变化规律,以高模量天然沥青(HMB)为沥青胶结料,制备EME20、AC20两种不同级配的沥青混合料,使用SPT简单性能仪,在不同温度和频率下对两种不同级配沥青混合料的动态模量进行检测,分析了温度和频率对沥青混合料动态模量的影响;基于时温等效原理,通过非线性最小二乘法拟合得到高模量沥青混合料的主曲线方程。结果表明：在同一温度下,沥青混合料动态模量随荷载频率的增加而提高,在同一频率下,沥青混合料的动态模量随着温度的升高而降低;通过试验测得两种不同级配沥青混合料的动态模量,再应用所得动态模量数据拟合出动态模量主曲线,算出不同温度下的移位因子,得出的动态模量主曲线方程,对其不同温度下的动态模量进行分析,预测分析出EME-20级配沥青混合料的高低温性能要优于AC-20级配沥青混合料。     

不同老化阶段沥青混合料力学性能变化与调控

为了明确不同老化阶段沥青混合料力学性能的变化规律,通过间接拉伸试验研究了不同老化时期模量、强度的差异指数,并使用不同掺量的抗氧剂对其进行抗老化调控.结果表明:在相同试验温度下,模量对老化的敏感性高于强度,说明老化沥青混合料的破坏可能是因为模量不足而造成的;掺入抗氧剂均能提升老化前后的沥青混合料性能,当掺量为5％时,沥青混合料老化前后的模量与强度提升最为显著.     

高掺量胶粉改性沥青混合料动态粘弹性分析

为了研究高掺量胶粉改性沥青混合料的动态粘弹性特性,选择3种级配和2种掺量的胶粉改性沥青混合料进行AMPT试验,测定混合料的动态模量和相位角,分析级配、胶结料、加载频率和温度对胶粉改性沥青混合料动态响应参数动态模量和相位角的影响.试验表明,级配类型和胶结料分别对胶粉改性沥青混合料的粘弹性具有明显的影响;混合料的动态模量随着加载频率的降低而逐渐减小;随着温度的升高,动态模量逐渐降低.当加载频率一定时,相位角随着试验温度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当加载频率增加时,相位角在低温环境(5℃)时逐渐衰减,相位角在高温环境(35℃、50℃)时逐渐增大,在中间温度(20℃)时呈现先上升后下降的趋势.     

混凝土静动态轴向拉伸力学性能

为了解动荷载作用下混凝土结构响应特点,探讨轴向拉伸作用下混凝土静动态力学性能关系,通过对棱柱体混凝土试件进行轴向拉伸试验,分析了7种不同应变速率条件下混凝土试件应力--应变关系曲线、轴向拉伸强度、弹性模量、峰值应变的变化规律。结果表明:随着应变速率的不同,混凝土试件破坏形态发生了变化;混凝土动态轴向拉伸强度、弹性模量和峰值应变均随着应变速率的增加而逐渐增大;混凝土动态轴向拉伸强度、弹性模量和峰值应变增长因子同动静态应变速率比值的对数呈线性增长关系。     

基于DSR的碳纳米管/SBS复合改性沥青抗老化性能分析

为研究碳纳米管(CNTs)对SBS改性沥青抗老化性能的影响,对不同CNTs掺量的CNTs/SBS复合改性沥青进行动态剪切流变实验;以CNTs掺量为自变量,对CNTs/SBS复合改性沥青与SBS改性沥青进行旋转薄膜加热试验及紫外老化试验,并对沥青残留物进行动态剪切流变试验以评价其老化性能。结果表明,CNTs的加入可有效提高SBS改性沥青的高温性能及老化性能。通过动态剪切流变试验结果来看,CNTs的加入降低了改性沥青的温度敏感性,并随着掺量的增加改善效果也越明显。     

MBS分散形态及其对PVC的增韧改性

将PVC与不同型号的MBS进行共混,观察MBS在共混体系中的分散形态,结合冲击试验、拉伸试验和动态力学分析(DMA)等测试方法,研究PVC/MBS共混体系的性能与MBS结构之间的关系,分析比较了两种MBS对PVC的增韧效果及其对共混体系拉伸性能的影响。     

基于不同纤维改性的沥青混合料水稳定性试验研究

为减小水对沥青路面性能不利影响,采用木质素纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维和聚酯纤维分别改性沥青混合料,通过室内浸水马歇尔试验、浸水飞散试验、冻融劈裂试验,研究纤维类型及掺量对沥青混合料水稳定性影响规律。结果表明：聚丙烯腈纤维改性沥青混合料水稳定性最优,聚酯纤维改性沥青混合料次之;随纤维掺量增加,木质素纤维改性沥青混合料残留稳定度降低较显著,木质素纤维掺量增加0.1%,沥青混合料残留稳定度、浸水飞散损失、冻融劈裂抗拉强度比约降低3.5%、10.2%、3.2%;聚酯纤维和聚丙烯腈纤维对沥青混合料水稳定性影响规律基本一致。建议选用聚丙烯腈纤维改性沥青混合料,且最优掺量为0.1%。     

Mechanical analysis of hollow fiber membrane integrity in water reuse applications

In order to gain insight into membrane fiber failure (i.e., loss of integrity), properties of five hollow fiber membranes and four hollow fiber modules were evaluated. Specifically, membrane material, membrane symmetry, fiber modulus of elasticity, fiber diameter and thickness, module potting technique, module flow pattern (inside-out or outside-in), and coliform breakthrough were investigated. The approach combined evaluation of the above properties with mathematical modeling of structure-fluid interactions to comprehensively evaluate the properties most important for maintaining hollow fiber membrane integrity. Tensile strength testing revealed that the strongest fiber was an asymmetric polyacrylonitrile membrane fiber. The weakest fiber was a symmetric polyethylene membrane fiber. Pilot plant testing on the four membrane modules revealed that membrane symmetry may be a more important factor than potting technique for hollow fiber integrity. Results from the SEM and tensile testing were used as input to a finite element analysis model used to evaluate time-dependent structure-fluid interactions. It was found that additional stresses at the juncture of the potting material and the hollow fiber membranes exist. These stresses likely lead to the formation of fractures.     

Continuous screening of base-catalysed biodiesel production using New designs of mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactors

Base-catalysed biodiesel production was continuously screened using new designs of mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactors. Experiments were carried out at very low flow rates, less than 2 ml/min, which would be in the laminar flow regime in non oscillatory, steady state. Initially central disc baffles and helically wound wires were used, but provided insufficient mixing at this scale as demonstrated by glycerol settling. A new design of sharp-edged, helically baffled reactor was developed specifically for this application, which exhibited homogeneous mixing in the two-phase liquid reaction even at these low flow rates and low oscillatory Reynolds numbers. Methyl ester (biodiesel) was produced at a consistent quality and there were clear responses to variations in input conditions. A clear step-change between various steady state molar ratios of methanol to oil and dynamic screening was observed in these mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactors. Rapid screening technique such as this has the potential to significantly reduce process development, operating costs and environmental impact.     

Effects of Accelerated Thermo-Oxidative Aging on Properties of a Damped-Encapsulating Epoxy Adhesive

The effects of accelerated thermo-oxidative aging treatment on structure, hardness, morphology of fractured surface, and dynamic mechanical properties of a damped-encapsulating epoxy adhesive were investigated. FT-IR indicated the formation of a small quantity of amide groups. The hardness increases rapidly at earlier stages and then tends to stabilize when the thermo-oxidative aging time is over 300 hours. SEM graphs indicated a change from some toughness to rigidity. DMA analyses revealed that the Tg of the aged samples gradually shifted to higher temperatures, the maximum value of tanδ fluctuated in a narrow range, the tanδ spectra were greatly temperature dependent, and the tanδ spectrum showed a tendency of horizontal displacement with increased thermo-oxidative aging time.     

An experimental investigation on liquefaction potential and post-liquefaction shear strength of impounded fly ash

Liquefaction resistance and post-liquefaction shear strength of impounded Class F fly ash are investigated using laboratory experiments. The study was aimed to evaluate liquefaction potential of a 45 ha impoundment proposed as a base for a utility monofill. The evaluation included cyclic triaxial tests performed on reconstituted fly ash specimens with various densities at different confining stresses and cyclic stress ratios representative of the impounded material and the seismic environment. The results are presented in the form of design charts. Post-liquefaction strengths were measured by reconsolidating the specimens at the initial effective confining stress and performing consolidated undrained triaxial tests. The measured cyclic strength was compared with the seismically induced stresses in the profile using a one-dimensional wave propagation method. The cyclic loadings imposed on the ash by the design earthquakes were found to be lower than the measured cyclic strength of the material. The post liquefaction shear strengths showed some scatter; however, they were typically higher than the initial shear strengths before exposure of the material to cyclic load.     

On the Methods Based on the Pressure Rise Test for Monitoring a Freeze-Drying Process

This article is focused on the methods based on the pressure rise test (PRT) used to monitor the primary drying of a lyophilization process. Details about the model-based algorithms proposed to interpret the PRT, namely, manometric temperature measurement (MTM), pressure rise analysis (PRA), and dynamic parameters estimation (DPE), are briefly summarized and various features of the models used by these algorithms, in particular the role of the vial wall and radiation on the thermal balance of the system, are investigated. The optimal selection of the sampling frequency and the time interval between two tests is discussed, and the influence of the duration of the test on the results is investigated by means of mathematical simulation: results obtained from the PRT can be significantly improved by optimizing the duration of the test. Moreover, the problem of misleading results obtained at the end of the primary drying is investigated, taking into account the problem of ill-conditioning of the algorithms. An improved version of the DPE algorithm is proposed to cope with this problem; its effectiveness is demonstrated by means of mathematical simulations and experimental runs.     

双峰PE100级管材料的表征与测试技术

介绍了PE100级管材料的结构特点及其性能的表征方法。该方法与传统的聚烯烃分析测试方法相结合,成为表征PE100等双峰聚乙烯管材料的有效手段。     

动静态资料在致密砂岩有效储层物性下限确定中的应用

致密砂岩储层物性下限的确定是非常规储层研究中的一个难点问题。储层特征、原油密度和粘度、地层温度和地层压力等多种因素都对有效储层的物性下限有控制作用,在这种特别复杂情况下,动态资料更能真实客观地反映储层的性质,研究过程中要充分利用动态资料,动静态资料有机结合,综合利用试油法、含油产状法和排驱压力法等分别求取不同埋深下有效储层的物性下限。致密砂岩储层不同埋深下有效储层的物性下限与深度存在函数关系,总体随深度的增加而减小。特别要注意随着采油工艺的提高,有效储层的物性下限会降低,因此,地质工作者要不断地对有效储层的物性下限进行研究。     

A dynamic process simulator based upon the cluster-modular approach

The objectives of this work are to present the dynamic simulation strategy based on clustermodular approach and to develop a prototype simulator. In addition, methods for the improvement of computational efficiency and applicability are studied. A process can be decomposed into several clusters which consist of strongly coupled units depending upon the process dynamics or topology. The combined approach of simultaneous and sequential simulation based on the cluster structure is implemented within the developed dynamic process simulator, MOSA (Multi Objective Simulation Architecture). Dynamic simulation for a utility plant is presented as a case study in order to prove the efficiency and flexibility of MOSA.     

Systematic Analysis of Single Droplet Coalescence

Coalescence behavior in liquid‐liquid dispersions is controlled by various parameters. Thus, data from different research groups can differ significantly. Dynamic coalescence processes were analyzed systematically with the EFCE standard test system toluene/water in two different research laboratories. After comparability was proven with standardized batch settling tests and drop rise velocity measurements, the influence of drop size ratio and varying NaCl and NaOH concentrations on coalescence probability was investigated. Since the ions led to a coalescence inhibition, no clear impact of drop size ratio could be observed. The analysis of drop contact showed longer contact times for increasing equivalent drop diameter. This promotes coalescence and corresponds to film drainage model.     

Dynamic Compressive Properties of Polymer Bonded Explosives under Confining Pressure

Passively confined dynamic impact experiments on PBX1314 specimens are performed by employing aluminum jackets with split Hopkinson pressure bar. The axial and radial stress history curves are measured in the experiments, and the characterizations of the behavior of PBX1314 under dynamic multi‐axial loads are studied. A constitutive relation is developed for modeling the dynamic mechanical responses of PBX1314 by using the Boltzmann superposition principle with a Prony series representation. The material parameters of PBX1314 can be obtained by fitting the modulus master curve. Detailed finite element simulations of the passively confined tests are carried out to evaluate the measure accuracy of the device to the material mechanical behavior. The correctness of the constitutive relation is verified by comparison the finite element simulations with the experiments. Good agreements are obtained.