共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 375 毫秒
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渠道糙率的现场率定是水力学研究的重要课题.由于水力量测时流量和水深测量值不可避免的会存在随机误差,如何减少测量误差对糙率率定的影响是必须解决的关键问题.在系统研究了测量误差、渠长及雍水对糙率率定误差影响的基础上,给出了计算渠道糙率率定误差的简化公式,提出了减小糙率率定误差的方法:1)使渠道进出口目测水深(水位)具有相同方向误差;2)合理的布设渠道测点;3)控制闸门开度减少渠道雍水坡度,另外,尽可能在设计等大流量工况率定糙率,因为这些工况雍水坡度较小. 相似文献
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南水北调中线工程总干渠糙率综合论证 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9
在大量收集与分析国内外输水渠道糙率取值规范和计算方法、混凝土输水渠道实测n值、以及对京密引水渠、引黄济青下渠进行实地考察与调查的基础上,结合理论分析推荐了南水北调中线一期工程n值的计算方法和各渠段的n值。中线工程各渠段推荐糙率系数的甲均值为0.0149(设计流量)及0.0150(加大流量);推荐的校核值为0.0154。 相似文献
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研究了河岸河床相对糙率对明渠宽深比的影响。根据定床渠道、临界渠道和动床渠道3种类型渠道,采用最小能耗率原理,分别构建了宽深比计算的优化模型。结合综合糙率公式,利用条件极值问题优化计算方法,得到了不同类型渠道条件下的宽深比与河岸河床相对糙率之间的定量关系。分析计算结果表明,定床明渠随河岸糙率的增大,宽深比增大;而临界渠道和动床渠道随河岸糙率的增大,宽深比减小。河岸糙率大于河床糙率时,定床渠道为了降低河岸高糙率对流量的影响,从而宽深比增大;而临界渠道和动床渠道,由于河岸糙率大时其抗冲能力大,因而宽深比减小。这些结论可供明渠水力设计时参考。 相似文献
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为了明确南水北调中线工程渠道糙率的合理取值,分别选取杨开林公式、美国垦务局公式、美国陆军工程兵团公式,以及优化方法来计算糙率,并构建南水北调中线总干渠水力学模型进行检验。将模型方法应用到刁河节制闸-湍河节制闸渠段的10组稳定工况时,4种方法计算出的糙率值分别为0.01538、0.0156、0.01389和0.0169,代入水力学模型计算的刁河节制闸各工况闸后水位与实测值的相对误差总和分别为0.1744%、0.1586%、0.3028%和0.0947%。4种方法得到的糙率值代入水力学模型的模拟精度中,优化方法最好,建议作为中线渠道糙率计算的方法。 相似文献
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加大河床底部糙率的水力学计算B.H.利亚平主题词渠道,糙率,紊流,流速分布,水力计算,水工模型试验,俄罗斯明渠水力学计算条件的前提是合理选择水深读数基准面,、在研究加大糙率的渠道时该问题具有决定性意义。这类渠道的正常水深入和绝对糙率》之间的关系是按比... 相似文献
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TBM掘进机轨道常采用工字钢支撑,明渠底部设置工字钢后会降低其过水能力。为了定量研究明渠底部设置工字钢后对其糙率的影响,引入了等效水力参数的概念,对工字钢产生的等效附加糙率进行了理论分析。此外,结合某实际工程,通过模型试验研究,测量了设有工字钢的半圆形明渠在不同流量下的水深,采用假定糙率试算法、逐段计算糙率法对其综合糙率进行了计算分析。研究结果表明,建立的"糙率条带计算法+等效附加糙率计算法"得到的综合糙率值与模型试验值吻合良好,可采用理论计算方法估算半圆形明渠底部设置竖向杆件后的综合糙率。 相似文献
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在满足试验段选取原则的基础上,选取了不同断面形式与砌护材料形式的7个典型渠段进行渠道断面几何参数与水力要素原型监测试验,利用曼宁公式对实测数据进行计算得出渠道实测糙率,将单一衬砌材料糙率结合复合渠道设计与实测数据进行加权平均,计算得出两组糙率数值,并与实测、设计糙率进行对比,结合试验段具体情况对率定糙率值偏大的原因进行了分析。结果表明:率定糙率值偏大的主要原因为断面几何尺寸不标准、渠底比降不连续和渠道淤积。最终得出宁夏引黄灌区不同衬砌材料渠道的糙率,并结合国家及地方规范给出了各种砌护材料糙率的设计取值范围,为宁夏引黄灌区渠道设计糙率选取提供了依据。 相似文献
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含植物河道曼宁阻力系数的研究 总被引:12,自引:5,他引:7
含植物河道的水流阻力不仅仅来源于边壁,传统的曼宁公式不能够直接用来计算这种河道的糙率。本文基于水流阻力等效原则,首次提出了一系列等效水力参数的概念,建立了等效综合曼宁糙率系数和等效植物附加曼宁系数的计算公式,并给出了能否使用水深代替水力半径的判别参数。使用刚性圆柱棒进行水槽试验,对植物在非淹没和淹没条件下的曼宁系数进行了计算和比较。试验结果验证了理论分析提出的关于判别参数的结论,并且表明使用水深计算的糙率在植物非淹没条件下可以用来表示植物引起的附加阻力。本文提出的等效综合曼宁糙率系数计算公式包含了植物的物理特性,因此具有普遍的应用价值,可以用来进行实际工程中糙率的计算。 相似文献
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Roughness coefficient and its uncertainty in gravel-bed river 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manning's roughness coefficient was estimated for a gravel-bed river reach using field measurements of water level and discharge,and the applicability of various methods used for estimation of the roughness coefficient was evaluated.Results show that the roughness coefficient tends to decrease with increasing discharge and water depth,and over a certain range it appears to remain constant.Comparison of roughness coefficients calculated by field measurement data with those estimated by other methods shows that,although the field-measured values provide approximate roughness coefficients for relatively large discharge,there seems to be rather high uncertainty due to the difference in resultant values.For this reason,uncertainty related to the roughness coefficient was analyzed in terms of change in computed variables.On average,a 20%increase of the roughness coefficient causes a 7% increase in the water depth and an 8% decrease in velocity,but there may be about a 15% increase in the water depth and an equivalent decrease in velocity for certain cross-sections in the study reach.Finally,the validity of estimated roughness coefficient based on field measurements was examined.A 10% error in discharge measurement may lead to more than 10% uncertainty in roughness coefficient estimation,but corresponding uncertainty in computed water depth and velocity is reduced to approximately 5%.Conversely,the necessity for roughness coefficient estimation by field measurement is confirmed. 相似文献
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Gustavo Meirelles Daniel Manzi Bruno Brentan Thaisa Goulart Edevar LuvizottoJr 《Water Resources Management》2017,31(13):4339-4351
The success of hydraulic simulation models of water distribution networks is associated with the ability of these models to represent real systems accurately. To achieve this, the calibration phase is essential. Current calibration methods are based on minimizing the error between measured and simulated values of pressure and flow. This minimization is based on a search of parameter values to be calibrated, including pipe roughness, nodal demand, and leakage flow. The resulting hydraulic problem contains several variables. In addition, a limited set of known monitored pressure and flow values creates an indeterminate problem with more variables than equations. Seeking to address the lack of monitored data for the calibration of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs), this paper uses a meta-model based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to estimate pressure on all nodes of a network. The calibration of pipe roughness applies a metaheuristic search method called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to minimize the objective function represented by the difference between simulated and forecasted pressure values. The proposed method is evaluated at steady state and over an extended period for a real District Metering Area (DMA), named Campos do Conde II, and the hypothetical network named C-town, which is used as a benchmark for calibration studies. 相似文献
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为研究突然扩散水跃方程的特性,根据动量守恒原理,在回流区平均水深作为代表水深的假设下,推导了突然扩散水跃的一般方程。在改进了回流区平均水深具体表达式的基础上,得到了突然扩散水跃的新方程,并给出了有关参数的确定方法。将已有的和改进的突然扩散水跃方程求得的共轭水深比与试验结果进行了比较,结果表明:不同突扩比时改进后的方程求得的共轭水深比与试验结果的平均相对误差和最大相对误差最小,计算精度最高;且改进后的方程具有显式解,计算方便。因此,改进后的方程可用于突然扩散水跃共轭水深的水力设计。 相似文献
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A real-time channel flood forecast model was developed to simulate channel flow in plain rivers based on the dynamic wave theory.Taking into consideration channel shape differences along the channel,a roughness updating technique was developed using the Kalman filter method to update Manning's roughness coefficient at each time step of the calculation processes.Channel shapes were simplified as rectangles,triangles,and parabolas,and the relationships between hydraulic radius and water depth were developed f... 相似文献