中国宁夏产盐生肉苁蓉一新变种

内苁蓉属Ｃｉｓｔａｎｃｈｅ为列当科Ｏｒｏｂａｎｃｈａｃｅａｅ寄生植物,是补肾壮阳常用中药之一。近年来由于大量采挖,资源濒于枯竭,为国家二级保护植物之一。作者对我国肉苁蓉属植物资源进行了详细的调查,对采集的植物标本进行了分类研究,鉴定出肉苁蓉属植物４种,即肉苁蓉ＣｉｓｔａｎｃｈｅｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｃｏｌａＭａ、盐生肉苁潜Ｃ．ｓａｌｓａ（Ｃ．Ａ．Ｍｅｙ．）Ｇ．Ｂｅｃｋ、沙苁蓉Ｃ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＧ．Ｂｅｃｋ和管花肉苁Ｃ．ｔｕｂｕｌｏｓａ（Ｓｃｈｅｎｋ．）Ｒ．Ｗｉｇｈｔ,并发现１新变种白花盐苁蓉Ｃ．ｓａｌｓａｖａｒ．ａｌｂｉｆｌｏｒａＰ．Ｆ．ＴｕｅｔＺ．Ｃ．Ｌｏｕ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ,搞清了我国肉苁蓉属植物的种类和资源。本文报道此新变种的形态特征。     

辽宁数种蜘蛛记述：（蜘蛛目：光盔蛛科：栅蛛科）

本文记述采用辽宁的四种蜘蛛,其中辽宁刺足蛛Ｐｈｒｕｒｏｌｉｔｈｕｓ ｌｉａｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ为一新种,其余３种为我国新纪录－－羽刺足蛛Ｐｈ．ｐｅｎｎａｔｕｓ,悦目刺足蛛Ｐｈ．ｐｅｎｎａｔｕｓ、悦目刺足蛛Ｐｈ．ｆｅｓｔｉｖｕｓ（光盔蛛科Ｌｉｏｃｒａｎｉｄａｅ）和济州新安蛛Ｎｅｏａｎｔｉｓｔｅａ ｑｕｅｌｐａｒｔｅｎｓｉｓ（栅蛛科Ｈａｈｎｉｉｄａｅ）。     

南极淡水分离出的菌物

本文报道从南极乔治王岛所采１１个水样中分离了同的菌物９８株,初步鉴定出１７属２１种,其中６属１３种为南极新记录。后者是：桃色顶孢Ａｃｒｅｍｏｎｉｕｍ ｐｅｒｓｉｃｉｎｕｍ （Ｎｉｃｏｔ） Ｗ．Ｇａｍｓ,密顶孢Ａ．ｓｔｒｉｃｔｕｍ Ｗ．Ｇａｍｓ,构巢曲霉Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｄｕｌａｎｄｓ（Ｅｉｄａｍ）Ｗｉｎｔｅｒ,聚多曲霉Ａｓｐ。ｓｙｄｏｗｉｉ （Ｂａｉｎｉｅｒ ＆ Ｓａｒｔ）Ｔｈｏｍ ＾Ｃ     

伞形科植物上的柄锈菌属新种

本文报告了伞形科植物上三个柄锈菌属新种,它们是辽藁本Ｌｉｇｕｓｔｉｃｕｍ ｊｅｈｏｌｅｎｓｅ Ｎａｋａｉ＆Ｋｉｔａｇａｗａ上的辽藁本柄锈菌Ｐｕｃｃｄｉｎｉａ ｌｉｇｕｓｔｉｃｉ－ｊｅｈｏｌｅｎｓｉｓ Ｊ．Ｙ．Ｚｈｕａｎｇ＆Ｓ．Ｘ．Ｗｅｉ,波棱滇芎Ｐｈｙｓｏｓｐｅｒｍｉｐｓｉｓ ｏｂｔｕｓｉｕｓｃｕｌａ（Ｃ．Ｂ．Ｃｌａｒｋｅ）Ｎｉｒｍａｎ上的滇芎柄锈菌Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａ ｐｈｙｓｏｓｐｅｒｍｏｐｓｉｓ     

兰科盆距兰属（Gastrochilus）植物的修订

本文对盆距兰属（Ｇａｓｔｒｏｃｈｉｌｕｓ）植物作了修订,共分３个组,含４６种和１变种,其中１个组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃａｅｓｐｉｔｏｓｉ）和８个种（Ｇ．ｃａｒｎｓｕｓ,Ｇ．ｇａｒｈｗａｌｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｇ．ｌｉｎｅａｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ,Ｇ．ｇｕａｎｇｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｇ．ｓｕｂｐａｐｉｌｌｏｓｕｓ,Ｇ．ｎａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｇ．ｓａｃｃａｔｕｓａｎｄＧ．ｇｏｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）为新的,首次在本文作了描述报导。本属属的形态特征,研究历史和订正后属下的分类群检索表,种的文献引证、简短的特征记要和地理分布以及在属中被排除的分类单位索引均提供在本文。     

中国兰科植物新资料

本文报道了２个新种（元阳石豆兰ＢｕｌｂｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｙｕａｎｙａｎｇｅｎｓｅＴｓｕｉ,长帽隔距兰ＣｌｅｉｓｏｓｔｏｍａｌｏｎｇｉｏｐｅｒｃｕｌａｔｕｍＴｓｉ）、２个新组合（翼萼卷瓣兰ＢｕｌｂｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｒｅｔｕｓｉｕｓｃｕｌｕｍＲｃｈｂ．ｆ．ｖａｒ．ｏｒｅｏｇｅｎｅｓ（Ｗ．Ｗ．Ｓｍｉｔｈ）Ｔｓｉ,角萼卷瓣兰Ｂ．ｒｅｔｕｓｉｕｓｃｕｌｕｍＲｃｈｂ．ｆ．ｖａｒ．ｔｉｇｒｉｄｕｍ（Ｈａｎｃｅ）Ｔｓｉ）和１个新命名（细茎毛兰ＥｒｉａｔｅｎｕｉｃａｕｌｉｓＳ．Ｃ．ＣｈｅｎｅｔＴｓｉ）。     

樟科(Lauraceae)部分属种雌蕊群维管分布格局及其系统学意义

运用石蜡切片技术,对樟科的紫楠（Ｐｈｏｅｂｅ ｓｈｅａｒｅｒｉ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｇａｍｂｌｅ）,浙江楠（Ｐｈ．ｃｈｅｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓ．Ｂ．Ｓｈａｎｇ）香樟（Ｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｕｍ ｃａｍｐｈｏｒａ （Ｌｉｎｎ．）Ｐｒｅｓｌ．）浙江桂（Ｃ．ｃｈｅｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｎａｋａｉ）,细叶香桂（Ｃ．ｓｕｂａｖｅｎｉｕｍＭｉｑ．）、江浙山胡椒（Ｌｉｎｄｅｒａ ｃｈｉｅｎｉｉ Ｃｈｅｎｇ）、钓樟（Ｌ．ｒ     

竹亚科刚竹属植物的修订(I)

在标本（包括许多模式标本）查考和居群调研的基础上,对刚竹属Ｐｈｙｌｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓ Ｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔ Ｚｕｃｃ．一些类群的分类问题进行了评注,其中将遂昌雷竹Ｐｈ．ｐｒｉｍｏｔｉｎａ Ｗｅｎ作为不同于红壳雷竹Ｐｈ．ｉｎｃａｒｎａｔａ Ｗｅｎ的１个独立的竹种看待;８个拉丁学名被减为异名;Ｐｈ．ｈｅｔｅｒｏｃｌａｄａ Ｏｌｉｖ．ｆ．ｓｏｌｉｄａ（Ｓ．Ｌ．Ｃｈｅｎ）Ｃ．Ｐ．Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚ．Ｈ．Ｙｕ因其     

红豆杉科植物RAPD分析及其系统学意义

利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术分析了红豆杉科（Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ）红豆杉属（Ｔａｘｕｓ）、白豆杉属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓ）、穗花杉属（Ａｍｅｎｔｏｔａｘｕｓ）和榧树属（Ｔｏｒｒｅｙａ）的６种植物：红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ （Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄ）、南方红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｖａｒ．ｍａｉｒｅｉ（Ｌｅｍｅｅ ｅｔＬｅｖｌ．）Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｅｔＭａｉｒｅＹｅｗ     

棒毛荠属属名的考证及其属模式学名的订正

棒毛荠属属名的考证及其属模式学名的订正陆莲立（江苏省植物研究所,南京２１００１４）（中国科学院植物研究所,南京２１００１４）ＴｈｅｉｄｃｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｇｅｎｕｓＣｏｃｈｌｅａｒｉｏｐｓｉｓＹ．Ｈ．Ｚｈａｎｇａｎ...     

中国商陆属植物的校订

校订了我国商陆属植物,计有4种。Phytolac caclavigera W.W.Smith是多雄蕊商陆的异名,Ph.hunanensis Hand.-Mazz.和Ph.zhejiangensis W.T.Fan是日本商陆的异名。Ph.Esquirolii Lévl.不是本属植物,而是崖豆藤野桐Mallotus millietii Lévl.(大戟科).     

Pokeweed antiviral protein inactivates pokeweed ribosomes; implications for the antiviral mechanism

Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) and other ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) had previously been thought to be incapable of attacking conspecific ribosomes, thus having no effect on endogenous processes. This assertion conflicts with a model for PAP's in vivo antiviral mechanism in which PAP (a cell wall protein) selectively enters virus-infected cells and disrupts protein synthesis, thus causing local suicide and preventing virus replication. We show here that pokeweed ( Phytolacca americana ) ribosomes, as well as endod ( Phytolacca dodecandra ) ribosomes, are indeed highly sensitive to inactivation by conspecific RIPs. Ribosomes isolated from RIP-free pokeweed and endod suspension culture cells were found to be highly active in vitro , as measured by poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. Phytolacca ribosomes challenged with conspecific RIPs generated doseresponse curves (IC₅₀ of 1 nM PAP or dodecandrin) very similar to those from wheat germ ribosomes. To determine if Phytolacca cells produce a cytosolic 'anti-RIP' protective element, ribosomes were combined with Phytolacca postribosomal supernatant factors from culture cells, then challenged with conspecific RIPs. Resulting IC₅₀ values of 3–7 nM PAP, PAP-II, PAP-S or dodecandrin indicate that supernatants from these Phytolacca cells lack a ribosomal protective element. This research demonstrates that PAP inactivates pokeweed ribosomes (and is therefore potentially toxic to pokeweed cells) and supports the local suicide model for PAP's in vivo antiviral mechanism. The importance of spatial separation between PAP and ribosomes of cells producing this RIP is emphasized, particularly if crop plants are transformed with the PAP gene to confer antiviral protection.     

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA from non-anthocyanin-producing species in the Caryophyllales

Two types of red pigment, anthocyanins and betacyanins, never occur together in the same plant. Although anthocyanins are widely distributed in higher plants as flower and fruit pigments, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the Caryophyllales. We isolated cDNAs encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which is the first enzyme committed to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the flavonoid pathway, from Spinacia oleracea and Phytolacca americana, plants that belong to the Caryophyllales. The deduced amino acid sequence of Spinacia DFR and Phytolacca DFR revealed a high degree of homology with DFRs of anthocyanin-producing plants. The DFR of carnation, an exception in the Caryophyllales that synthesizes anthocyanin, showed the highest level of identity. In the phylogenetic tree, Spinacia DFR and Phytolacca DFR clustered with the DFRs of anthocyanin-synthesizing dicots. Recombinant Spinacia and Phytolacca DFRs expressed in Escherichia coli convert dihydroflavonol to leucoanthocyanidin. The expression and function of DFR in spinach and pokeweed are discussed in relation to the molecular evolution of red pigment biosynthesis in higher plants.     

光对商陆发状根生长和PAP基因表达的影响

利用发根农杆菌菌株Ar1334与美洲商陆(Phytolacca americana)叶片外植体共培养转化体系,共获得58个发状根无性系(SL-1~58).以发根农杆菌Ri质粒TL-DNA上的rol C基因设计特异引物,对发状根进行PCR检测,得到了预期的560 bp目的片段,表明Ri质粒T-DNA整合到发状根基因组中.将筛选出的株系SL-7接种在MS培养基上分别置于光、暗条件下进行培养.结果发现:SL-7在暗培养条件下呈乳白色,具有多分枝、多根毛、无向地性等典型的发状根特性;在光培养条件下,发根呈粉红色,少分支且生长缓慢;以商陆抗病毒蛋白(pokeweed antiviral protein,PAP)cDNA片段为探针,分别对光、暗条件下的发状根进行Northern blot检测,发现光对PAP基因的转录具有一定抑制作用;将发状根粗蛋白提取液与TMV病毒液混合后,摩擦接种于心叶烟(Nicotiana glutinosa)离体叶片,发现暗培养的发状根粗蛋白提取液对TMV抗性明显提高.表明商陆发状根的生长及PAP基因的表达都受到光的负向调控.该结果为商陆发状根的规模化培养和PAP蛋白的离体合成优化体系的建立奠定了基础.     

竹亚科刚竹属植物的修订(I)

在标本 (包括许多模式标本 )查考和居群调研的基础上 ,对刚竹属 PhyllostachysSieb.et Zucc.一些类群的分类问题进行了评注 ,其中将遂昌雷竹 Ph.primotina Wen作为不同于红壳雷竹 Ph.incarnata Wen的 1个独立的竹种看待 ;8个拉丁学名被减为异名 ;Ph.heteroclada Oliv.f.solida( S.L .Chen) C.P.Wang et Z.H.Yu因其基名无拉丁描述 ,故予废弃 ;同时还描述了 1个新变型。     

REVIEWS

Books Review in this article:
Diseases of the Banana and of the Manila Hemp Plant. By C. W. W ardlaw , Ph.D., D.Sc.
Botany. Principles and Problems. Third ed. By E. W. S innott .     

REVIEWS

Pflanzliche Infektionslehre. By E rnst G äumann
Marine Microbiology. A Monograph on Hydrohacteriology. By Prof. C laude E. Z obell .
An Introduction to the Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Fungi. By G. R. B isby
pH and Plants. An introduction for beginners. By J ames S mall , D.SC.
Laboratory Manual of Elementary Botany. By A rthur W. H aupt , Ph.D.
American Species of Amelanchier. By G. N. J ones .
Luther Biirbank. A Victim of Hero Worship. By W alter L. H oward , Ph.D.
Trace Elements in Plants and Animals. By W. S tiles .
An Introduction to B0Iany. By A rthur W. H aupt .
Crop Production and Environment. By R. O. W hyte .
Principles of Agricultural Botany. By A lexander N elson .     

On the taxonomy of Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub sect. Huperzioides H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang (sect. nov.) with notes on the infrageneric classification of the genus Phlegmariurus in China

After the genus Phlegmariurus (Herter)Holub was proposed by J. Holub 1964, the repercussions are different, with some botanists accepting it, while others refusing. We take it as a separate genus since the related species from China are distinctly different from those of Huperzia Bernh. The plants of this genus in China are classified into three sections: Sect. Huperzioides H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, sect. nov.; Sect. Carinaturus (Herter)H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, comb. nov. and Sect. Phlegmariurus. A key to sections is given. The taxonomy on the new section, Sect. Huperzioides, is presented. Thirteen species are reported in China, involving 4 new combinations: Ph. petiolatus (Clarke)H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang, Ph. cryptomerianus (Maxim.)Ching, Ph. ovatifolius (Ching)W. M. Chu, Ph. nylamensis (Ching et S. K. Wu)H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang; and 7 names are considered for the first time as synonyms: Huperzia formosana Holub [ = Ph. taiwanensis Ching ], H. austrosinica Ching [ = Ph. petiolatus ], Lycopodium mingchgense Ching [ = Ph. mincheensis Ching ], Ph. mincheensis var. angustifolius C. Y. Ma [ = Ph. mincheensis ], Ph. longyangensis C. Y. Ma [ = Ph. fordii ], Ph. nanus C. Y. Ma [ ＝ Ph. fordii ], Ph. yandongensis Ching et C. F. Zhang [ ＝ Ph.fordii]. One new record in China is found: Ph.hamiltonii.     

Dodecandrin, a new ribosome-inhibiting protein from Phytolacca dodecandra

Dodecandrin, a newly discovered ribosome-inhibiting protein, has been isolated and purified from the leaves of the African endod plant, Phytolacca dodecandra. Dodecandrin has a molecular weight of approx. 29 000. It cross-reacts with antiserum prepared against pokeweed antiviral protein from Phytolacca americana and exhibits similar requirements for antiribosomal activity. It is more basic than pokeweed antiviral protein, and comparison of the first 30 amino-terminal residues of the two proteins reveals 83% homology. This level of homology is greater than that between pokeweed antiviral protein and pokeweed antiviral protein S, another antiviral protein found in P. americana. Such conservatism in sequence, coupled with the high efficiency of the proteins in deactivating ribosomes and with their abundance in plant tissue, suggests that they serve an important function in the life of the plant, probably as a defense against infection.     

A critical reappraisal of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. (Phytolaccaceae) – A manganese-hyperaccumulating plant

Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. (Phytolaccaceae) was reported in 2004 to be a manganese-hyperaccumulating plant. Phytolacca americana L., growing at the same site was then independently reported in 2007 to have the same property. An apparent confusion in the taxonomy of the genus Phytolacca and interest in the Mn hyperaccumulative trait reported in P. acinosa has led to an extended field sampling, glasshouse cultivation and comparison with herbarium materials of P. americana s.l. Our specific aim was to identify and name the Mn hyperaccumulator plant correctly. P. acinosa is closely related to P. americana but it differs from the former in having an erect infructescence with usually eight distinct carpels, while from the latter has a nutant infructescence usually with 10 concrescent carpels. Our study indicated that the Mn hyperaccumulator plant P. acinosa which we first reported from the Xiangtan Mn tailings wasteland must now be reduced to P. americana as a synonym in order to prevent further confusion in identity and nomenclatural redundancy.