牛鼻子梁镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体岩石特征

牛鼻子梁岩体位于柴达木地块的北缘,出露面积约8 km2,平面形态呈长条状,主要由斜长二辉橄榄岩、斜长单辉橄榄岩、角闪二辉橄榄岩、角闪橄榄岩、角闪橄榄二辉岩、黑云母化二辉岩、角闪辉石岩、橄榄辉石角闪石岩、角闪橄榄辉长岩、细粒辉长岩、似斑状辉长岩、暗色辉长岩、辉长岩、淡色辉长岩、石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩组成。文章通过岩石学、矿物学、地球化学研究,得到锆石U-Pb年龄为(361.5±1.2)Ma,Sm-Nd等时线年龄为(347±26)Ma。研究认为,牛鼻子梁基性-超基性岩体含矿岩石产于大陆边缘环境。岩体形成于泥盆纪晚期。岩浆分异充分,岩石类型丰富,岩浆演化过程中主要发生了橄榄石和斜长石的分离结晶/堆晶作用。岩体的母岩浆应属于拉斑玄武岩质岩浆。从目前发现的矿化情况来看,牛鼻子梁基性-超基性杂岩体为含矿岩体,有很好的找矿前景。     

牛鼻子梁镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体岩石特征

牛鼻子梁岩体位于柴达木地块的北缘,出露面积约8 km²,平面形态呈长条状,主要由斜长二辉橄榄岩、斜长单辉橄榄岩、角闪二辉橄榄岩、角闪橄榄岩、角闪橄榄二辉岩、黑云母化二辉岩、角闪辉石岩、橄榄辉石角闪石岩、角闪橄榄辉长岩、细粒辉长岩、似斑状辉长岩、暗色辉长岩、辉长岩、淡色辉长岩、石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩组成。文章通过岩石学、矿物学、地球化学研究,得到锆石U-Pb年龄为（361.5±1.2） Ma,Sm-Nd等时线年龄为（347±26） Ma。研究认为,牛鼻子梁基性-超基性岩体含矿岩石产于大陆边缘环境。岩体形成于泥盆纪晚期。岩浆分异充分,岩石类型丰富,岩浆演化过程中主要发生了橄榄石和斜长石的分离结晶/堆晶作用。岩体的母岩浆应属于拉斑玄武岩质岩浆。从目前发现的矿化情况来看,牛鼻子梁基性-超基性杂岩体为含矿岩体,有很好的找矿前景。     

黄山式基性-超基性岩同生铜镍矿床

正成矿区带:觉罗塔格-黑鹰山成矿带(Ⅲ-8)。建造构造:早二叠世侵入于与下石炭统海相火山沉积岩地层中的基性-超基性岩体,由岩浆多次侵入形成,较早的侵入形成闪长岩、角闪辉长岩、角闪橄榄辉长岩、橄榄辉长苏长岩、辉长苏长岩等;较晚的侵入形成角闪二辉橄榄岩、斜长角闪二辉橄榄岩、斜长角闪二辉岩、角闪橄榄二辉岩、角闪二辉岩等。岩石m/f值变化范围为1.23～5.21。香山岩体的角闪辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(285±1.2)Ma(肖庆华等,2010);黄山橄     

东秦岭松树沟超基性岩体“热”侵位时代新知

松树沟超镁铁质岩体位于秦岭商-丹断裂以北,是该地区出露最大的超基性岩体,并以侵入方式与秦岭杂岩接触.该岩体主要由细粒纯橄榄岩、中粗粒纯橄榄岩和斜辉橄榄岩组成.利用LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb法对采自该岩体北侧接触变质带的榴闪岩进行锆石定年,获得206pb/238U变质年龄为518±19 Ma.以上工作初步证实该岩体大致在0.52 Ga左右的构造热事件中侵位于秦岭杂岩中.     

拉水峡式基性-超基性岩同生铜镍矿床

<正>成矿区带:南祁连成矿带(Ⅲ-23)。建造构造:侵入下元古界变质岩系的基性-超基性杂岩体,岩石类型有二辉橄榄岩、二辉石岩、辉长苏长岩、辉长岩、闪长岩、角闪石岩等。岩石m/f为0.5～4.5(张照伟等,2012)。拉水峡岩体蚀变极为强烈,但可见残留很少橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石(谢燮等,2014)。乙什春岩体锆石U-Pb年龄(455.1±1.7)Ma(余吉远等,2012);裕龙沟岩体锆石U-Pb年龄(442.4±1.6)Ma,下什堂岩体锆石U-Pb年龄(449.9±2.33)     

云南景谷半坡铂钯多金属矿床辉长岩锆石U-Pb同位素定年及其意义

提要：景谷半坡铂钯多金属矿床位于澜沧江南段兰坪—思茅陆块,成矿主要与半坡杂岩体有关。半坡杂岩体由橄榄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩、辉长闪长岩和闪长岩等镁铁-超镁铁质岩组成。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学方法获得半坡杂岩体中辉长岩结晶年龄为(302.6±2.0)Ma,说明半坡杂岩体形成时代为晚石炭世。岩体中辉长岩属高铝质基性岩类,轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素弱富集,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Sr、K、Ba)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf),具有岛弧岩浆岩性质,表明半坡杂岩体形成与板块俯冲有关的岛弧环境,南澜沧江构造带在晚石炭世至早二叠世为大洋岛弧俯冲带。     

黑山式基性-超基性岩同生铜镍矿床

<正>成矿区带:敦煌成矿带(Ⅲ-15)。建造构造:侵入青白口系或新太古—古元古界变质岩地层的基性-超基性岩体群。黑山岩体从上向下岩相依次为,橄榄辉长苏长岩-斜长二辉橄榄岩-斜长方辉橄榄岩。岩石m/f值为2.37～5.86(崔进寿,2010)。黑山角闪辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄(374.6±5.2)Ma(杨建国等,2012);大山头岩体U-Pb年龄(359.3±5.7)     

新疆哈密白石泉铜镍矿区基性-超基性岩的形成时代及其地质意义

白石泉铜镍矿床位于中天山地块北缘,沙泉子深大断裂南侧。矿体产于同源同期侵入的中基性—超基性岩体内,其含矿岩石为单辉橄榄岩和斜长橄辉岩。铜镍矿化无论从时间上和空间上都与岩体的侵位密切相关,矿床成因类型为岩浆熔离型铜镍硫化物矿床。锆石SHRIMP微区原位U-Pb年代学研究表明,石英闪长岩的年龄为285±10Ma、辉长闪长岩年龄为284±9Ma和辉长岩年龄为284±8Ma。三者在测定误差范围内十分一致,表明该含矿杂岩体的侵位及矿化作用均发生于晚石炭世末—早二叠世初,成岩成矿的动力学背景为造山期后伸展构造环境。     

东昆仑喀雅克登塔格杂岩体的SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义

喀雅克登塔格杂岩体位于东昆仑祁漫塔格山东南部,由辉长岩、闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩等岩石类型组成,具有典型的岩浆混合特征.通过对杂岩体中辉长岩和二长花岗岩的锆石进行SHRIMP测年,分别获得403.3±7.2 Ma和394±13 Ma两个极为接近的岩浆锆石年龄以及1 116 Ma的继承锆石年龄.锆石形态学特征显示辉长岩和二长花岗岩中锆石的大致结晶温度分别为850～900℃和600～850℃,提供了杂岩体形成的深度信息.测年结果为研究东昆仑造山带的演化历史提供了重要的年代学资料.     

新疆东天山天宇、白石泉杂岩体岩石学、矿物学特征对比研究

天宇和白石泉铜镍矿区含矿镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体是东疆铜镍成矿带的重要组成部分。天宇矿区杂岩体以角闪辉长岩、角闪单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、二辉辉石岩为主;白石泉矿区杂岩体则以辉石闪长岩、角闪辉长岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石辉长岩、辉石橄榄岩、橄长岩为主;天宇矿区含矿超基性岩中SiO2,Al2O3,CaO,K2O,Na2O的质量分数比白石泉岩体低,Fe2O3,MgO相对较高;两个杂岩体的主要造岩矿物均以橄榄石、辉石、斜长石为主;铜镍矿石的矿物组成都较简单,金属矿物种类基本一致;两个杂岩体基性-超基性岩的成分接近原始岩浆,均来自于地幔,均属含铜镍中等的镁铁质岩石。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.