静电“S+X-I+”组装途径合成Ti-MCM-41分子筛及其催化氧化性能

采用静电“S⁺X^-I⁺”组装途径合成了骨架含钛的中孔分子筛Ti-MCM-41，系统研究了不同因素对分子筛结构的影响以及Ti-MCM-41分子筛对不同烯烃的催化氧化性能.在强酸介质中由于钛源的高度溶解导致只有部分Ti进入分子筛骨架，骨架钛含量随HCl/TEOS增大而减小，分子筛收率及晶胞参数（a₀）、孔道壁厚（δ_wt）随HCl/TEOS的增大而增大.在较宽的C16TMABr /TEOS （0.3～1.0）和H₂O/TEOS（60～120）范围内均能得到高度有序的Ti-MCM-41分子筛.采用丙酮-水混合溶剂萃取法可以有效回收分子筛原粉中的模板剂而不影响分子筛的结构有序度.以双氧水或分子氧为氧化剂，Ti-MCM-41分子筛对多种烯烃均具有催化氧化活性.静电“S⁺X^-I⁺”组装途径合成的Ti-MCM-41分子筛催化氧化活性略低于水热晶化法合成的Ti-MCM-41分子筛.     

Ti-MCM-41分子筛催化剂的表面硅烷化改性研究

以硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,钛酸四丁酯（TBOT）为钛源,阳离子表面活性剂CnTMABr为模板剂,通过水热晶化法合成了含钛中孔分子筛Ti-MCM-41.采用XRD,FT-IR,SEM、N2吸附-脱附等方法对分子筛进行了结构表征,研究了不同硅烷化处理方法对Ti-MCM-41分子筛疏水性及催化氧化性能的影响.结果表明：模板剂CnTMABr碳链长度（n）影响Ti-MCM-41分子筛结构有序度.只有在n =16时所合成的Ti-MCM-41分子筛才具有长程有序结构.经不同硅烷化试剂处理后,Ti-MCM-41分子筛的Si/Ti增大,而比表面积、平均孔径、孔容积均有不同程度降低,但疏水性、催化氧化活性及环氧化物选择性增大.采用TMSCl（氯化三甲基硅烷）的硅烷化效率最高.     

水热晶化法合成Ti-MCM-41分子筛的研究

采用水热品化法合成了含钛中孔分子筛Ti-MCM-41,系统考察了凝胶pH值、表面活性剂浓度、表面活性剂链长对所合成Ti-MCM-41分子筛结构的影响。采用XRD、UV-Vis及N2吸附-脱附等温线等分析测试方法表征了分子筛结构。比较研究了Ti-MCM-41与微孔分子筛TS-1、TS-2对烯烃的催化氧化性能。结果表明：凝胶pH在11～12之间,表面活性剂C16TMABr浓度为25％(70％,表面活性剂所含碳原子数在12～16时有利于合成有序度较高的六方中孔结构Ti-MCM-41分子筛。与微孔分子筛TS-1、TS-2不同,Ti-MCM-41分子筛可以催化较大分子烯烃的液相氧化．     

Ti-MCM-41分子筛催化剂的合成、表征及催化性能

以正硅酸四甲酯为硅源,钛酸四异丙酯为钛源,在异丙醇和水的混合溶液中室温下合成了Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛,采用TEM、N 2吸附-脱附、XRD、UV-Vis和Raman等研究了分子筛的结构特性。并以过氧化氢异丙苯为氧化剂,考察了硅烷化处理后的Ti-MCM-41分子筛催化剂在丙烯环氧化反应中的催化性能。结果表明,与骨架外六配位钛物种相比,骨架内四配位钛物种活化有机过氧化物的能力更强,速率更快;四配位钛物种是环氧丙烷生成的活性物种,而六配位钛物种的存在则会导致反应副产物的生成。合成时添加适量的异丁醇可有效促进钛物种进入分子筛骨架中,并增大比表面积和孔体积,进而改善Ti-MCM-41催化剂的丙烯环氧化催化性能。性能最佳的催化剂上过氧化氢异丙苯转化率可达94.7%,环氧丙烷选择性可达95.8%。     

超微粒介孔分子筛Ti-MCM-41的制备及苯乙烯催化氧化的研究

在强酸性条件下，在60℃水浴中，以无水乙醇和异丙醇为混合溶剂，合成了nSi)：n(Ti)分子比为30的超微粒介孔分子筛蜀-MCM-41。在超微粒介孔分子筛Ti-MCM-41和H2O2作用下，对苯乙烯进行催化氧化的反应，其产物是苯乙酮和苯甲醛，并且考察了分子筛Ti-MCM-41不同用量、H2O2和苯乙烯不同分子比、反应时间及反应温度对苯乙烯转化率的影响。实验结果表明，在苯乙烯催化氧化反应中，反应的最佳温度为60℃，最佳时间是10h，最佳分子筛用量是0．6g，n(H2O2)：n(苯乙烯)分子最佳比是4：1。由于H2O2氧化后的产物是H2O2，因此，这种清洁的方法是今后有机合成发展的趋势。     

ZrO2/Ti-MCM-41催化聚丙烯裂解反应的研究

采用水热合成法制备了中孔分子筛ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41，通过XRD和N₂吸附-脱附对其进行表征。结果表明，该分子筛具有中孔结构，并且随着ZrO₂含量的增加，ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41孔道的长程有序性和结晶度有所减弱，直至失去中孔结构。将其应用于聚丙烯（PP）催化裂解反应，通过考察负载量、反应温度、催化剂用量和反应时间，对ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41催化裂解PP反应的规律进行了研究。结果表明，负载ZrO₂质量分数为18%的ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41，在反应温度400 ℃m（ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41）∶m(PP)=0.02和反应时间30 min条件下，PP转化率可达91.2%，液体产物收率为83.6%，优于热裂解及传统的HZSM-5小孔分子筛催化剂的催化裂解结果。     

硫酸改性Ti-MCM-41分子筛催化水解纤维素

以硫酸钛为钛源,硅酸钠为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模版剂,采用水热晶化法合成出Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛,用浸渍法得到硫酸改性Ti-MCM-41分子筛。采用XRD和BET对硫酸改性Ti-MCM-41分子筛进行结构表征,结果发现,Ti-MCM-41分子筛经硫酸改性后仍然具有规则有序的介孔结构和较大的比表面积（604．84m^2／g）。用硫酸改性Ti-MCM-41分子筛催化纤维素水解并探讨了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量及液固比对纤维素水解的影响。实验结果表明,硫酸改性Ti—MCM．41分子筛能够明显降低纤维素的残渣率,提高总还原糖和5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）的收率;最佳的反应条件是：反应温度230℃,反应时间15min,催化剂加入量为纤维素／催化剂质量比2：0.3,液固比30,此条件下残渣率为11．95％,总还原糖收率为47．23％,5-HMF收率为20．70％。     

微波合成Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛及其动态脱硫性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在微波条件下制备Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛,采用SEM、BET、XRD、TEM和FT-IR等对催化剂进行表征,对比MCM-41和水热合成的Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛,并分析其制备机理,以合成的分子筛为催化剂进行柴油脱硫实验。结果表明,合成的Ti-MCM-41分子筛结构有序,晶形完整,平均孔径约4.5 nm。在每10 mL模型油Ti-MCM-41用量0.2 g、n(H2O2)∶n(苯并噻吩)=4和V(乙腈)∶V(模型油)=1条件下,苯并噻吩的催化氧化活性较高,动态氧化-萃取脱除率最高达93.5%。     

不同碱源合成Ti-MCM-41及催化氧化-萃取脱除噻吩

分别以NaOH、氨水、四甲基氢氧化铵为碱源,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,水热法合成了Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛,采用SEM、XRD、TEM、FT-IR和BET等手段对合成分子筛进行了表征分析。研究了晶化时间、碱源、模板剂用量对结晶度及微观形貌的影响。结果表明:碱源类型对Ti-MCM-41的晶化过程及其孔道结构存在较大影响,碱源结构越稳定分子筛长程有序性越好。Ti-MCM-41对催化氧化噻吩显示出较高的催化活性,以乙腈为萃取剂时其氧化-萃取脱除率最佳,可达90.3%。萃取移除噻吩的效果与溶剂在体系中的结构适应性相关,实验采用溶剂萃取能力的顺序为:腈类>酰胺≥醇类>醇胺。     

Cu/Ti-MCM-41,Cu/Ti-HMS的制备表征与脱硫性能

以水热合成法成功合成了Cu/Ti-MCM-41、Cu/Ti-HMS介孔分子筛,采用XRD、SEM、TEM、FT-IR、BET等手段对分子筛进行了表征。结果表明,合成的分子筛具有良好的晶体结构,Ti已进入分子筛骨架,Cu元素以氧化物Cu O形式存在于分子筛表面并使得分子筛孔道直径分布更集中。用H2O2为氧化剂,合成的Cu/Ti-MCM-41、Cu/Ti-HMS分子筛为催化剂,用于氧化脱硫反应,实验结果表明,Cu O的π键复合配位吸附作用可有效提高Cu/Ti-MCM-41、Cu/Ti-HMS的脱硫性能,脱硫率达到92.8%、88.5%;再生后,分子筛的脱硫率有所下降,表面Cu O的流失和分子筛结构的坍塌是导致Cu/Ti-MCM-41、Cu/Ti-HMS脱硫性能下降的原因。     

Studies on the synthesis of diacetyl over oxidation zeolite catalysts

Diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) synthesis from methyl ethyl ketone over oxidation zeolites using O₂ as oxidant was studied. Various zeolites with Fe, V and Ti as active sites were employed. VS-1, Ti-NCL, Ti-MCM-41 and FeBEA type materials were synthesized and characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, pyridine adsorption and template desorption. The detailed study of the effect of reaction temperature, the effect of concentration of oxygen and the addition of water was realized. The most active catalyst was zeolites with V as oxidation center.     

Amorphous microporous mixed oxides as selective redox catalysts

Amorphous microporous homogeneously mixed oxides based on Ti or V in silica can be prepared by an acid catalyzed solgel process. The materials have been characterized by TEM, UV, IR and sorption methods. The glasses can be used for the selective epoxidation of alkenes. The catalytic properties are comparable to those of the well known crystalline Ti-containing zeolites TS-1, Ti-MCM-41 and Ti-Beta. Amorphous microporous homogeneously mixed metal oxides seem to be promising new catalytic materials supplementing the well studied selective zeolites.     

Ti-MCM-41负载酞菁铁光催化氧化脱硫

合成了钛硅分子筛Ti-MCM-41,通过对Ti-MCM-41改性以共价键将带有不同取代基的酞菁铁负载于Ti-MCM-41上制备出Ti-MCM-41负载酞菁铁催化剂,并利用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜以及BET氮气吸附-脱附等温线以及紫外-可见吸收光谱对合成的催化剂进行表征。在常温常压下,以Ti-MCM-41负载酞菁铁为光催化剂,空气为氧化剂,己内酰胺四丁基溴化铵离子液体为萃取剂,可见光下催化氧化二苯并噻吩(DBT),采用单一变量法探索该体系的最佳反应条件。结果表明,Ti-MCM-41负载氨基酞菁铁具有较好的光催化活性,且在最佳工艺条件下,DBT的脱除率最高可达95.6%。催化剂重复使用5次后,催化活性没有明显下降。     

Characteristics of Ti-MCM-41 and its Catalytic Properties in Oxidation of Benzene

A series of mesoporous titanosilicate Ti-MCM-41 molecular sieves with various Si/Ti ratios have been hydrothermally synthesized using hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide as the organic surfactant. These materials were characterized with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), framework FTIR, diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption measurements, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallinity of Ti-MCM-41 after calcination was almost two-fold higher than that of the as-synthesized one. The crystallinity and surface area of Ti-MCM-41 both decrease with an increase of titanium content. The results of XRD and FTIR show that the solid products have the MCM-41 structure and contained only atomically dispersed titanium, consistent with framework titanium in Ti-MCM-41. All of the materials had a uniform pore size distribution with pore size of around 3.0 nm. The hexagonal array structure of uniform pore size was observed by TEM. It proved that the pores were highly aligned. The catalytic activities of Ti-MCM-41 were tested in the partial oxidation of benzene by diluted hydrogen peroxide in a batch reactor. Ti-MCM-41 had a higher activity than TiO₂ and Ti/NaY. The activity of Ti-MCM-41 increased with titanium content. The activity of Ti-MCM-41 prepared with hydrothermal synthesis was higher than that of the sample prepared with impregnation. The high activity in Ti-MCM-41 can be attributed to its hydrohobicity and large pore size. Phenol was the only liquid phase product on all of the samples.     

Infrared study of acetone and nitrogen oxides on Cu-ZSM-5

The oxidation of bulky thioethers has been carried out on Ti-Beta and Ti-MCM-41 catalysts, using H₂O₂ andt-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidants. The intrinsic activity of Ti-Beta was higher than that of Ti-MCM-41 for the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide which can penetrate in the pores of Beta, while in the case of the larger isopentyl phenyl sulfide, which diffuses more slowly in Ti-Beta zeolite, Ti-MCM-41 gives a larger activity. Ti-Beta is able to perform better for the more demanding oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones giving, therefore, higher selectivities to sulfones than Ti-MCM-41. Similar results were obtained when using either H₂O₂ or TBHP as oxidants. However, the sterical effects were enhanced when TBHP was used as oxidant.     

Preparation of Mesoporous Organically Modified Titanium Materials and their Activity in the Oxidation of Cyclohexene

Mesoporous organically modified Ti-MCM-41 materials were synthesised employing different Ti precursors. Materials were found to possess improved properties in terms of stability, hydrophobicity and activity compared to the parent Ti-MCM-41, preserving their mesoporous structural order. The organically modified mesoporous materials were tested in the oxidation of cyclohexene using conventional heating and microwaves. The microwave assisted protocol was found to enhance reaction rates and selectivities to the epoxide, reducing the times of reaction from 24 to less than 1 h at comparable activities (60–80% conversion).     

SO4^2-／Ti-MCM-41固体酸催化半纤维素水解动力学研究

用水热法制备了SO4^2-／Ti-MCM-41固体酸催化剂,用X射线衍射分析（XRD）及N2吸附一脱附对催化剂进行了表征。研究了温度和时间对SO4^2-／Ti-MCM-41固体酸催化水解半纤维素的影响,采用Garrote模型模拟水解过程并进行动力学研究。模拟结果表明,Garrote模型能较好地描述介孔分子筛催化剂催化水解半纤维素过程。半纤维素、还原糖和糠醛的降解反应活化能分别为93．05、91．54和81．67kJ／mol。根据实验结果和模拟结果可得到最佳水解条件为：反应物固液比为1：60,催化剂质量分数为20％,反应温度为160℃,水解时间10min。