钼蓝法测定水中总磷方法的研究

改用一种新的氯化亚锡溶液配制方法，增加还原剂氯化亚锡的称量，使显色剂和浓度变大，延长稳定时间，在测定时减少显色剂氯化亚锡溶液的吸取量。经实验对比，表明该法灵敏度、准确度、精密度和溶液稳定性、显色效果等均能满足环境监测的规定要求。     

离子色谱法测定饮用水中的氟化物、氯化物、硝酸盐氮和硫酸根

采用离子色谱法测定饮用水中的氟化物、氯化物、硝酸盐氮和硫酸根其有别于常规的化学分析法，可以不用配制显色剂等溶液，快速高效且灵敏度高．     

氰化物测定中异烟酸吡唑啉酮的保存方法与时间的探讨

在ＣＮ－的常规监测中，我们常选用异烟酸吡唑啉酮光度法，该方法要求临用前将异烟酸吡唑啉酮按（５＋１）混合，该混合液在常温状态下最多不能超过３ｄ，再需使用时，必须弃之重配。在连续监测ＣＮ－时增加了配试剂的工作量。我们通过实验发现，在冰箱中冷藏保存该显色剂能够延长其使用时间达２２ｄ左右，从而提高了试剂使用效率。１　实验部分实验方法及所用仪器与试剂均同文献［１］。实验安排：配制一份异烟酸吡唑啉酮存放于冰箱冷藏（以下称显色剂冷存）；现配显色剂（以下称显色剂现配），当显色剂冰存达到５、１２、１８、２２、２４…     

吡啶—吡唑啉酮光度法直接测定电镀废水中的微量氰

本文报告用EDTA作掩蔽剂,以吡啶—吡唑啉酮为显色剂,不经蒸馏直接测定电镀废水中的氰化物,可在30分钟内完成。经三千多份样液分析证明:能定量检出排水中0.2外g/50ml微量氰;分析速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好。 1.试剂配制: ①混合显色剂:称0.25g吡唑啉酮溶于45ml乙醇中,加5ml吡啶,摇匀、储于棕色瓶(当日有效)。     

大气中硫化氢测定方法研究

对用亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定大气中硫化氢的标准溶液、样品的稳定性、温度对试剂空白的影响等问题进行了一些研究。得出：硫化氢标准使用液用磁性锌氨络盐吸收液配制，冰箱保存至少可稳定２个月；温度对试剂空白值有影响，应根据不同显色温度，确定不同显色时间；绘制标准曲线和样品测定应用同一量器迅速加入显色剂，以提高其灵敏度。     

大气中硫化氢测定方法的探讨

对大气中硫化氢的测定显色剂由对氨基苯胺与三氯化铁混合显色剂改为能存放一年的硫酸铁铵溶液替代。通过对比试验，此方法可用于实际样品测定。     

光度法测定水中三氯乙醛的改进

三氯乙醛是人工合成的有机化合物，主要用于农药、医药及其他有机合成工业。三氯乙醛对农业危害较大，我国曾发生过多次用含三氯乙醛的污水灌溉农田使农作物受害的污染事故。《水和废水监测分析方法（第３版）》（简称《方法》）中的光度分析法存在着灵敏度低，重视性较差等问题。经试验改进，解决了存在的问题，使测定更简单、准确。试验所用仪器与试剂以及样品预处理和测定步骤均按《方法》，其中试剂三氯乙醛标准贮备液浓度计算式应乘以０８９１２（水合三氯乙醛换算成三氯乙醛的系数），显色剂的配制，二甲基甲酰胺由５ｍＬ改为１５ｍ…     

异烟酸-巴比妥酸分光光度法测定水中总氰化物的探讨

对异烟酸-巴比妥酸分光光度法测定水中总氰化物的试验条件进行了探讨,分析了蒸馏时馏出液体积对结果的影响,明确了显色剂的配制及保存时效等问题。提出样品预蒸馏时可适当减少馏出液的收集体积,测定结果无显著性差异;将氯胺T、异烟酸-巴比妥酸试剂在冰箱中于4℃保存,在正常情况下可稳定使用4周。     

纳氏比色法测定NH_3－N的改进

氨氮纳氏比色法测定中减少显色剂中ＨｇＣｌ２、ＫＩ的含量，以聚乙烯醇做胶体稳定剂，显著提高了显色剂和显色的稳定度。以ＫＯＨ和酒石酸做缓冲液，保持恒定的显色碱度，同时也隐蔽了金属离子的干扰，从而大大降低了空白吸光度和检出限。并通过一系列条件改进，使废水预处理后提高了回收率。     

纳氏比色法测定氨氮的改进

减少显色剂中ＨｇＣｌ２，ＫＩ的含量，以聚乙烯醇做胶体稳定剂，显著提高了显色剂的稳定度和显色的稳定度，以ＫＯＨ和酒石酸做缓冲液，保持恒定的显色碱度，同时也隐蔽了金属离子的干扰，从而大大降低了空白吸光度和检测限。废水予处理，通过条件实验，确定了稀释比，稀释水样用絮凝沉淀法或蒸馏法处理，蒸馏时用磷酸盐缓冲液，并降低硼酸吸收液的浓度，提高了回收率。     

硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定空气中氯化氢空白值偏高原因分析

通过实验,证明了硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定空气中氯化氢空白值偏高的主要原因,是由于两种显色剂之间相互反应引起的。因此,在测定过程中,显色剂的加入量必须十分准确。     

关于使用含混合酸显色剂测定水中六价铬的问题探讨

使用含硫酸和磷酸的二苯碳酰二肼显色剂进行水中六价铬的测定，不仅省时省力，简便快速，且方法切实可行，完全能满足环境监测分析要求。     

Structure and objectives of the Estonian Environmental Monitoring Program

The transition of Estonia from the fragmented character of environmental protection activities of the former Estonian SSR to a centralised national environmental monitoring program is underway. Estonian Environment Information Centre (EEIC) performed as a main developer of the Estonian Monitoring Program (EMP) structure, coordinates the operation of about 60 subprogrammes of EMP.     

Environmental impacts of decommissioning: Onshore versus offshore wind farms

Increasing concerns over climate change have prompted rapid growth of renewable energy over the past few decades, particularly wind energy. However, as the installation of wind farms rises, so will the need for decommissioning and analysis of the environmental impacts associated with decommissioning. This paper investigates how Environmental Impacts Assessments (EIA) identify, estimate and manage potential impacts of decommissioning. EIAs from 12 onshore and offshore windfarms consented between 2009 and 2014 in England and Scotland were analysed and compared. Attributes of these windfarms' Environmental Statements (ES) were scored under six categories: decommissioning in EIA stages, definitions of decommissioning, amount of analysis, depth of analysis, impacts identified, and proactive planning. Onshore windfarms generally tended to investigate the impacts of decommissioning less than offshore windfarms, even those which gained consent in the same year. The investigation of the impact of decommissioning improved for windfarms consented in the latter years of the study period. Across the ESs there was a lack of analysis of potential impacts from decommissioning in their own right: not simply as a reversal of the construction process. The impacts of different end of life scenarios were not analysed in any of the ESs studied. There is evidence to suggest the presence of windfarms, especially offshore, could in some cases be environmentally beneficial for certain species. However, the ecological impact of removing offshore structures at the end of life is unknown and is currently not investigated nor predicted in EIAs. Understanding the potential implications of full or partial removal of marine structures, or alternatives to decommissioning, could ensure that appropriate mitigation is considered at an early stage by both developer and consenting authority. That being said, it is also important to update the assessment of potential impacts over the life of the project as more information on the environment is gathered and end of life plans develop.     

多元线性回归-分光光度法测定电镀排放废水中重金属

采用多元线性回归-分光光度法进行电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的同时测定研究。以4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)为显色剂,探索了同时测定模拟电镀废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的实验方法,建立多元线性回归模型。根据实际电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的质量浓度分布调查结果,设计了测定较低和较高浓度范围2种模型,分别对应不同水质波动程度的电镀企业废水,前者浓度范围设置基本覆盖大多数实际电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的浓度,且具有较高精度。测定浓度范围较小模型对应水质波动较小的电镀排放废水,模型中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的质量浓度分别为0.32～0.44、0.32～0.50、0.72～0.84 mg/L,平均相对误差MR...     

城市空气质量周报效用分析

介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施，阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法，指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定，分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识，加大了治理污染的力度，转变了环境监测的职能，促进了环境监测事业的发展     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施GB/T15481-2000 idt ISO/IEC17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》的过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节,提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法,对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

锅炉烟尘测试中锅炉负荷率的计算方法探讨

GB5468 -91规定 ,锅炉烟尘测试时 ,必须对锅炉的运行负荷进行测试 ,而实际监测过程中 ,许多锅炉房不具备测试的计量条件 ,为了解决这一问题 ,文章提出利用烟气量和空气过剩系数计算锅炉负荷率。在实际监测工作中 ,该方法方便、易于操作 ,所得结果和标准规定方法所得结果有很好的一致性     

Assessment of the efficiency and economic viability of various methods of treatment of sanitary landfill leachate

This study assesses the efficiency of various physico-chemical, biological and other tertiary methods for treating leachate. An evaluation study on the treatability of the leachate from methane phase bed (MPB) reactor indicated that at an optimum hydraulic retention time of 6 days, the efficiency of the reactor in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 91.29 and 82.69%, respectively. Recycling of the treated leachate through the municipal solid waste layers in the leachate recycling unit (LRU) resulted in a significant increase in the biodegradation of organics present in the leachate. Optimum BOD and COD removal efficiencies were achieved at the third recycle; additional recycling of the leachate did not produce any significant improvement. Physico-chemical treatment of the leachate demonstrated that alum and lime (Option 2) were more economical than coagulants lime and MgCO₃. A cost analysis of the economics of the various treatments revealed that the alternative treatment consisting of a MPB bed followed by a LRU and aerated lagoon is the most cost-effective treatment. However, the alternative consisting of a MPB followed by the LRU and a soil column, which is slightly more costly, would be the most appropriate treatment when adequate land is readily available.