平凉天然水环境同位素研究及其在隐伏岩溶水文地质中的应用

本文在研究平凉地区大气降水、地表水和地下水的氢氧稳定同位素和氢的放射性同位素的基础上，重点讨论了大岔河隐伏岩溶水的水文地质条件。结果表明，大岔河隐伏岩溶水的补给局限在大岔河流域内，其径流条件良好，现代降水混入量平均为５４％，具有潜在的开发利用价值。     

康定北部高原构造岩溶发育特征与地下水径流带识别

受自然环境和技术方法制约，青藏高原岩溶发育演化和岩溶地下水循环特征研究相对薄弱，制约了青藏高原碳酸盐岩区的经济发展、民生设施建设和地质灾害防治。通过野外地质测量，岩溶地下水、地表水和大气降水水化学和同位素特征分析，泉水流量动态，水均衡计算和物探等技术方法，系统分析了四川省康定市北郊碳酸盐岩分布区的岩溶发育特征，识别了岩溶径流通道和岩溶大泉主要补给来源。结果表明:康定市北郊碳酸盐岩分布于高山峡谷地貌类型区，可溶岩地层分布、岩溶发育程度和岩溶水补给、径流、排泄均受构造控制，可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带和活动断裂附近的岩溶发育程度较强。岩溶水呈管道流径流，主要以岩溶大泉形式集中排泄，泉流量约1.5×104 m3/d且动态较为稳定。通过水文地质条件分析，识别出研究区存在通化组岩溶水径流带和雅拉河断裂岩溶水径流带。水化学-同位素数据、岩溶泉流量动态和水均衡计算结果显示，雅拉河河水是岩溶大泉的主要补给源，岩溶地下水主要沿雅拉河断裂岩溶水径流带径流并集中排泄。      

莱芜盆地牟汶河流域水体同位素特征与分析

通过对莱芜盆地牟汶河流域附近不同水体进行取样,采用氢氧同位素进行分析,初步研究了牟汶河流域上游不同类型地下水氢氧同位素分布特征,分析了地下水补给来源及循环机理。研究结果表明:莱芜盆地东部牟汶河上游地区,松散岩类孔隙水、岩浆岩变质岩类裂隙水补给来源主要为大气降水,地下水循环速度较快;岩溶水除接受大气降水补给外,还接受其他类型地下水间接补给;整体上研究区内地下水循环更新速度较快,均为0～10年左右新水。     

长清孝里铺水文地质单元岩溶地下水资源量计算及开采潜力分析

在收集利用前人研究成果的基础上,计算岩溶地下水补给资源量,通过调查统计获得岩溶地下水开采资源量,采用水均衡法和数值法计算岩溶地下水可增采资源量,并分析增采潜力。通过水文地质条件分析,将归德镇附近富水地段作为增采潜力开采区,最后提出岩溶地下水开发利用建议。     

应用氚示踪剂有限态混合元模型计算含水层参数及地下水滞留时间

应用以环境氚做示踪剂的有限态混合元模型对平凉大岔河隐伏岩溶水的水文地质参数、地下水年龄及可采资源进行了研究。对于同类地区的地下水资源评价有借鉴意义。     

基于岩溶水动态模拟的补给面积计算方法

岩溶水系统补给面积的确定是岩溶水文地质调查与研究中的一个难点。基于水均衡原理与水文脉冲函数, 介绍了求取补给面积的计算方法, 并探讨了模型参数的物理意义。选取了广西桂林丫吉试验场岩溶泉、湖北兴山雾龙洞地下河、沪蓉高速峡口隧道集中涌水点3个典型的南方岩溶水系统, 对其水文过程进行模拟, 利用最优模型参数分别求得补给面积, 与其他方法综合确定的补给面积得到了较好的验证。基于岩溶水文过程模拟的补给面积计算方法是对岩溶水系统补给面积求取方法的一种新的补充, 在中小尺度规模的南方岩溶水系统中具有较好的应用前景。      

环境同位素技术在确定济南平阴某氡地热井补给来源中的应用

为查明济南平阴某氡地热井的补给来源,采用分析环境同位素的方法。先利用14 C定年,确定该氡泉水以古水为主;后利用同位素分析结果进行高程计算,确定出该氡地热井的补给来源标高为+140m,此结果与水文地质条件确定的补给区(泰山余脉标高+100m~+180m)位置一致,说明该氡地热井的补给来源为东南方向40~50km外的泰山余脉。     

黄河流域长孝岩溶水系统水文地质特征及蓄水模式分析

基于在黄河流域长孝岩溶水系统开展的1:5万水文地质调查工作,系统总结了该水文地质单元的边界条件、含水岩组分布及富水性空间分布特征,分析了区内地下水补给、径流、排泄条件与地下水动态变化特征,探讨了黄河长孝单元与周边地下水的相互作用。黄河向北侧补给孔隙水,向南侧补给孔隙水及岩溶水,其中对孔隙水侧渗补给带范围至王营村-庞道口-太平庄-姚河门村一带,对岩溶水补给主要发生在望口山村至柳河圈村一带、孝里镇胜利村附近。圈定了以朱砂洞组为含水岩组的双泉镇段店村裂隙岩溶水富水地段、以三山子组-马家沟群为含水岩组的归德-孝里-马集裂隙岩溶水富水地段,分析其富水机理,总结了层间岩溶-断层阻水型及单斜-断裂型两种基岩蓄水构造模式,可为该区域找水定井提供参考。     

北方岩溶区降水入渗补给系数及补给机制：以羊庄岩溶水系统为例

为建立北方岩溶区水文地质参数系列,提高岩溶地下水可采资源计算精度,笔者团队于20世纪80年代开始,在山东羊庄封闭式泉排型岩溶水系统开展了岩溶水均衡试验研究,积累了40余年的监测试验数据。根据长期野外水均衡要素观测资料,推导出裸露型、半覆盖型和覆盖型岩溶区降水入渗补给系数计算公式,建立了岩溶区降水入渗补给系数α与降水量P和地下水位埋深D的相关方程,以及可调控的最大降水入渗补给系数系列,揭示了降水入渗补给过程与α变化机制。结果表明：α随水位埋深D的改变而改变,每个降水量P段分别对应一个最大降水入渗补给系数α_max和最大降水入渗补给量即补给极限G_max,相应的水位埋深便是最佳水位埋深D_critical。D>D_critical时,包气带截留量随着水位埋深的增大而增大,α<α_max;Dcritical时,地表径流量随着地下水位埋深的减小而增大,α<α_max。不同的降水量段对应不同的D_critical     

基于改进的 ＤＲＡＳＴＩＣ模型对香溪河典型岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价

南方岩溶流域的地表水与地下水转换频 繁，地下水环境对人类活动响应敏感，地下水环境脆弱。为 探 索岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价的方法，以岩溶流域 为 评 价 对 象，选取植被覆盖率、地 形 坡 度、土 壤 类 型、地 下 水 水 位埋深、地下水补给模数、土地利用类型６个指标，通过改进 ＤＲＡＳＴＩＣ模型的评价指标体系，建立了基于 ＶＴＳＤＲＬ模型的岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价指标体系。以香溪河岩溶流域地下水为例，利用层次分析法计算了评价指标权重，基于地理信息系统的叠加分析功能对香溪河岩溶流域地下水脆弱性进行了定量评价。结果表明:香溪河岩溶流域地下水脆弱性以中等脆弱区为主，占比达到８６．６％；地下水补给模数和土地利用类型对地下水脆弱性的影响作用最强，地下水脆弱性高的区域主要分布于溶丘洼地区，其面临农业活动污染的风险最大。该研究可为我国南方岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价和岩溶水资源保护提供参考。      

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

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正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

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<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

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正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied