共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 296 毫秒
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《化学反应工程与工艺》2018,(4)
为更好地了解生物柴油组分对其低温流动性的影响,探究组分与生物柴油低温流动性的关系,采用碱催化酯交换法制备生物柴油,对生物柴油进行低温流动性检测以及气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析,同时利用多元回归的方法建立组分与低温流动性的关联式。结果表明,生物柴油之间低温流动性具有很大差异,菜籽油生物柴油的冷滤点和凝点温度最低,分别为-13和-10℃,棕榈油生物柴油的冷滤点和凝点温度最高分别为12和16℃,生物柴油的低温流动性主要由其组分的含量以及组分自身性质决定。通过GC-MS分析,生物柴油主要由5种脂肪酸甲酯构成,含量达90%以上;采用多元回归的方法,分析生物柴油组分对低温流动性影响,建立基于生物柴油主要组分(硬脂酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯、亚麻酸甲酯)的凝点、冷滤点、运动黏度的预测模型,相关系数均在0.95以上,可以很好地预测生物柴油的低温流动性。 相似文献
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马来酸酐/α-烯烃二元共聚物及其酯化物 对生物柴油降凝效果的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以马来酸酐、α-C12-18烯烃和C12-18醇为主要原料,采用二元共聚和醇解,制备了马来酸酐和α-烯烃二元共聚物及其酯化物.将其作为生物柴油降凝剂,用于改善生物柴油低温流动性.通过对棕榈油生物柴油分别混入无水乙醇或O#柴油前后,加入自制降凝剂后凝点的评价,以及加入降凝剂对大豆油生物柴油凝点的考察,验证了自制降凝剂的降凝效果.结果表明,棕榈油生物柴油中分别混入40%无水乙醇和 80% O#柴油,并添加质量分数3%自制降凝剂时,混合油品凝点分别降低8和25℃;大豆油生物柴油中添加0.5%自制降凝剂时,凝点降低15℃. 相似文献
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以马来酸酐、α-C12-18烯烃和C12-18醇为主要原料,采用二元共聚和醇解,制备了马来酸酐和α-烯烃二元共聚物及其酯化物.将其作为生物柴油降凝剂,用于改善生物柴油低温流动性.通过对棕榈油生物柴油分别混入无水乙醇或O#柴油前后,加入自制降凝剂后凝点的评价,以及加入降凝剂对大豆油生物柴油凝点的考察,验证了自制降凝剂的降凝效果.结果表明,棕榈油生物柴油中分别混入40%无水乙醇和 80% O#柴油,并添加质量分数3%自制降凝剂时,混合油品凝点分别降低8和25℃;大豆油生物柴油中添加0.5%自制降凝剂时,凝点降低15℃. 相似文献
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以小桐梓油生物柴油为原料,在固定床连续反应器中,以Hβ型分子筛为催化剂,采用异构化反应改善生物柴油的低温流动性。考察了反应温度、质量空速、助剂(水)加入量等不同条件对生物柴油低温流动性的影响。实验结果表明,催化剂选用硅铝比为25的Hβ分子筛的情况下,反应温度为250℃、质量空速为1.0 h-1、助剂加入量为1.2%为最佳反应条件,小桐梓油生物柴油在最佳反应条件下进行异构化反应,凝点从1℃降低到-5℃,降幅为6℃。对生物柴油和异构化产物进行了色谱、质谱、核磁共振等表征,结果发现,低温流动性改善的原因是生物柴油的主要成分油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯发生了异构化反应,产生了带支链的异构体。 相似文献
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生物柴油低温流动改进剂复配研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用碱催化法制备菜籽油生物柴油和棕榈油生物柴油,对其主要品质指标进行分析;考察了添加不同的柴油低温流动改进剂及其复配物对生物柴油低温流动性能的影响。结果表明,柴油低温流动改进剂能够改善生物柴油低温流动性能;将其进行复配后,能表现出协同效应,取得更好的降滤效果,尤其能使饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量高的棕榈油生物柴油冷滤点降低8℃;不同生物柴油对柴油低温流动改进剂或其复配物感受性存在较大差异,不饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量高,且脂肪酸甲酯种类较多、分布较广的菜籽油生物柴油对单一低温流动改进剂感受性好,而饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量高,且脂肪酸甲酯种类分布较集中的棕榈油生物柴油对复配物感受性好。 相似文献
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AMSV-a柴油低温流动改进剂的研制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了柴油低温流动改进剂AMSV-a的合成和降凝助滤性能。该剂是以丙烯酸酯、马来酸酐、苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯(量比为4∶1∶0 5∶1)为原料,以甲苯为溶剂,以过氧化苯甲酰(用量5 0g/mol共聚单体)为引发剂,恒温80℃聚合6h,得四元共聚物(AMSV),再以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂(用量20g/mol共聚单体),用高碳胺〔n(酐)∶n(胺)=1∶1 5〕进行胺解制得。该剂对大庆-10#柴油的纯降凝度可达25℃,冷滤点降低可达16℃;对胜利0#柴油的纯降凝度可达23℃,冷滤点降低可达14℃;对东明5#柴油的纯降凝度可达20℃,冷滤点降低可达11℃;对濮阳10#柴油的纯降凝度可达17℃,冷滤点降低可达9℃。 相似文献
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Use of branched-chain esters to reduce the crystallization temperature of biodiesel 总被引:12,自引:17,他引:12
Inmok Lee Lawrence A. Johnson Earl G. Hammond 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(10):1155-1160
To reduce the tendency of biodiesel to crystallize at low temperatures, branched-chain alcohols were used to esterify various
fats and oils, and the crystallization properties of the branched esters were compared with those of methyl esters by using
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cloud point, and pour point. Compared with the methyl esters that are commonly used
in biodiesel, branched-chain esters greatly reduced the crystallization onset temperature (TCO) of neat esters and their corresponding ester diesel fuel blends. Isopropyl and 2-butyl esters of normal (∼10 wt% palmitate)
soybean oil (SBO) crystallized 7–11 and 12–14°C lower, respectively, than the corresponding methyl esters. The benefit of
the branched-chain esters in lowering TCO increased when the esters were blended with diesel fuel. Esters made from a low-palmitate (3.8%) SBO crystallized 5–6°C lower
than those of normal SBO. Isopropyl esters of lard and tallow had TCO values similar to that of methyl esters of SBO. DSC provided an accurate means of monitoring crystallization, and the DSC
results correlated with cloud and pour point measurements. 相似文献
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《Fuel》2007,86(7-8):1053-1061
In this work, we studied the phase diagram of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol blends at different purities of ethanol and different temperatures. Fuel properties (such as density, heat of combustion, cetane number, flash point and pour point) of the selected blends and their emissions performance in a diesel engine were examined and compared to those of base diesel. It was found that the fuel properties were close to the standard limit for diesel fuel; however, the flash point of blends containing ethanol was quite different from that of conventional diesel. The high cetane value of biodiesel could compensate for the decrease of the cetane number of the blends caused by the presence of ethanol. The heating value of the blends containing lower than 10% ethanol was not significantly different from that of diesel. As for the emissions of the blends, it was found that CO and HC reduced significantly at high engine load, whereas NOx increased, when compared to those of diesel. Taking these facts into account, a blend of 80% diesel, 15% biodiesel and 5% ethanol was the most suitable ratio for diesohol production because of the acceptable fuel properties (except flash point) and the reduction of emissions. 相似文献
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EsMOVS柴油降凝剂的研制 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对柴油降凝剂EsMOVS的合成、用途、使用条件、影响因素等作了阐述。此降凝剂对抚顺石油二厂-10#柴油的纯降凝度是18℃,冷滤点纯降低度是9℃。对其它柴油也有一定的降凝助滤效果。 相似文献