在气升式反应器中用中度嗜热混合菌浸出含砷难浸金精矿

在分批浸出基础上,以15％矿浆浓度在气升式反应器中用中度嗜热混合菌采用半连续方式补加无铁9K溶液浸出含砷难浸金精矿,降低体系中铁和砷离子浓度,提高含砷难浸金精矿铁砷脱除率。结果表明,在补加流量为每次333mL时,金的氰化回收率达到90％以上,比直接氰化提高了2倍。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌与中度嗜热铁氧化菌浸出铁闪锌矿的比较

考察了采用氧化亚铁硫杆菌和中度嗜热铁氧化菌浸出铁闪锌矿浮选精矿的浸出效果. 结果表明,两种细菌的驯化菌株都可以显著提高铁闪锌矿的溶解速率,且接种中度嗜热铁氧化菌时浸出效果更好. 扫描电镜、X射线粉晶衍射和能谱分析等表明,接种不同菌种浸出铁闪锌矿时所产浸渣具有类似的表面形貌特征和矿物组成. 可以证明,采用中度嗜热铁氧化菌浸出铁闪锌矿浮选精矿可以在较高的温度和酸度下进行且具有更好的浸出效果,比氧化亚铁硫杆菌具有更好的工业应用前景.     

搅拌槽反应器中中度嗜热浸矿菌预处理含砷金矿

从多个矿坑、煤堆废水中富集中度嗜热浸矿菌,并在搅拌反应器中经过两年的长期驯化,获得能耐受高矿浆浓度和具有抗砷性的浸矿混合菌. 对浸矿混合菌进行耐高矿浆浓度的驯化,保持矿浆浓度为200 g/L,改变两种金矿的配比,提高驯化体系中砷含量,进行耐砷性驯化. 用驯化的浸矿混合菌对难处理金矿进行生物氧化预处理,矿浆浓度为200 g/L,砷含量为8 g/L,14 d时菌体浓度最大,达2′109 mL-1,22 d时砷浸出率为59.93%. 采用限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析对浸矿14和22 d时的微生物多样性进行分析,发现存在Sulfobacillus sp., Acidithiobacillus caldus, Ferroplasma thermophilum和Pseudomonas sp..     

原生金矿细菌预氧化-氰化提金的研究

试验驯化出优良的嗜常温浸矿菌，对试验矿石适应性强，在9K培养基下生长情况良好，对试验矿石中As、Fe和S氧化率高，在15％矿浆浓度、氧化12天、无铁9K培养基、30℃条件下其脱除率达到91．3％、80．3％和86．1％，炭浆法氰化提金，金的浸出率达到58．8％。     

铜砷滤饼废渣的生物浸出

采用生物浸出法处理铜砷滤饼废渣,考察了pH值、温度和菌种对浸出效果的影响,分析了铁氧化菌浸出机理和将生物浸出用于含砷废渣无害化处理的可行性. 结果表明,微生物对铜砷滤饼浸出起促进作用,热酸预处理后在50℃、pH值为1.5的条件下,以中度嗜热西伯利亚硫杆菌(Sulfobacillus sibiricu)浸出7 d,砷浸出率达91.33%,铜浸出率达94.22%.     

CO2辅助好氧菌煤炭脱硫工艺的实验

生物脱硫技术具有环境和过程友好等特点,在煤炭脱硫领域具有重要的应用开发前景。本文主要研究了嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans）和嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans）混合菌群对高硫煤生物的脱硫工艺,分别考察了空气氧化环境、CO₂辅助气氛下的脱硫效果。实验结果表明,A. ferrooxidans和A. thiooxidans混合菌群在空气氧化环境下具有良好的脱硫能力,两种嗜酸好氧菌表现出一定的协同作用,无机硫脱除率可达70%;而CO₂辅助能够显著提高有氧条件下菌群的脱硫效率,无机硫脱除率可达90%以上。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱技术（XPS）等表征手段对脱硫后的煤炭结构变化和发酵脱硫机制进行研究,引入的CO₂一方面为两种好氧菌在发酵条件下提供碳源,促使菌群快速生长增殖;另一方面部分CO₂溶于水使发酵溶液中碳酸根离子浓度发生改变,实现降低发酵脱硫产物黄钾铁矾在煤粒表面的沉积密度,促进生物脱硫过程的进行。     

以黄铜矿为主的低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出体系中的细菌优势菌群

通过对以黄铜矿为主的低品位硫化铜矿中温硫杆菌生物浸矿体系的细菌优势菌群的研究,探讨了黄铜矿的细菌作用机理. 采用9K培养基从细菌浸出矿浆中分离出了14株中温硫杆菌,其浸矿能力都弱于分离前的自然混菌菌种,在浸矿过程中自然形成的混菌群落中各菌株之间存在着协同效应. 从上述菌株中随机挑选出氧化浸出能力有较大差异的YK8, YK12和YK14进行了16S rDNA克隆测序分析,显示它们与Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans的同源性均达到99%,为嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌. 由此说明该浸矿体系的优势菌群为嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌,细菌氧化作用机理以直接作用为主. 各纯菌株对Fe2+的氧化率存在较大差异,对菌浸矿浆用不同能源诱导培养后的混菌浸矿能力有显著变化.     

甲烷氧化混合菌群MY9的生长特性

考察了铜离子浓度对甲烷氧化混合菌群MY9(CGMCC No.1893)生长和甲烷单加氧酶活性的影响,并对混合菌群中的非甲烷氧化菌进行了分离鉴定和碳源特异性研究. 结果表明,甲烷氧化混合菌群MY9能利用甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、异丙醇、甘油等多种非甲烷化合物作为生长碳源,且具有耐高Cu2+浓度的生长特性. 从混合菌群中分离的非甲烷氧化菌Acinetobacter junii No.8能分别以4%甲醇、1%乙醇或0.6%二氯甲烷作为唯一生长碳源,适用于高浓度甲醇废水、乙醇废水或含二氯甲烷废水的生物处理.     

国外煤炭燃前脱硫综述

<正> 一、微生物脱硫能够应用于煤脱硫领域的微生物种类很多,目前广泛采用的是硫杆菌属的氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌。Brierly 于70年代末期从酸性热温泉和富硫土壤中分离出了嗜热铁氧化菌。80年代末,美国大西洋研究公司成功地从自然生物种群中分离出了 CB1和CB2,这两种微生物对脱除煤中的噻吩硫等有机硫有特效。国外微生物脱除煤中无机硫的研究十分     

硫酸铁氧化浸出脱除煤中硫研究

采用硫酸铁溶液氧化浸出法脱除贵州某矿煤中的硫,考察了硫酸铁溶液浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间及液固比对脱硫率的影响. 实验结果表明,在浸出温度100℃,浸出时间8 h,硫酸铁溶液浓度1 mol/L,液固比10:1时,能有效脱除煤中硫份,脱硫率达到48.56%. 脱硫前后煤样的对比分析结果表明,硫酸铁氧化浸出煤中硫的同时,不仅没有破坏煤中的有效成分,而且提高了煤样的热值,提升了煤的质量.     

Bioleaching of Mn from manganese residues by the mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus and mechanism

BACKGROUND: Electrolytic manganese residues are the largest and most dangerous waste stream from the electrolytic manganese metal industry, and recovery of Mn from manganese residues is one of the main methods of recycling this waste. Bioleaching of electrolytic manganese residues for Mn extraction was investigated in this study. RESULTS: An extraction efficiency as high as 99.7% was achieved at 1% slag pulp concentration, 2320 mg L^?1 extraction concentration and 80% extraction efficiency was attained at 8% slag pulp concentration, indicating the application potential of bioleaching in Mn extraction from manganese residues. CONCLUSION: The extraction of Mn from manganese residues depended exclusively on the non‐contact mechanism. The acidic dissolution of soluble Mn²⁺ induced by sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria resulted in 91.9% Mn extraction, while the reduction dissolution of insoluble Mn⁴⁺ by iron‐oxidizing bacteria caused 5.8% Mn extraction. The combined action of sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria and iron‐oxidizing bacteria assured the maximum Mn extraction. EDS and XRD analysis of bioleaching residues further demonstrated the bioleaching mechanism involved. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of solid loading on thermophilic bioleaching of sulfide minerals

The effect of solid loading (mineral pulp density) on thermophilic bioleaching of pyrite by Sulfolobus metallicus (BC) was investigated in a batch reactor. Different mineral pulp densities in the range 3–18% (w/v) were tested. With mineral pulp densities ranging from 3 to 9% the bioleaching proceeded in a single stage with a relatively constant rate. The bioleaching rates calculated for pulp densities of 3, 6 and 9% were 0.10, 0.11 and 0.09 kg iron m⁻³ h⁻¹ respectively. By contrast the bioleaching of pyrite at pulp densities of 12 and 15% proceeded in two distinct stages. During the exponential phase of microbial growth a sharp and linear increase in concentration of released iron was achieved. This increasing trend levelled off in the presence of non‐growing cells and the second stage of bioleaching continued with a slower rate. For the pulp density of 12% the bioleaching rates of the first and the second stages were 0.09 and 0.02 kg iron m⁻³ h⁻¹ respectively, whereas the calculated rates in the presence of 15% mineral were 0.07 and 0.017 kg iron m⁻³ h⁻¹ for the first and the second stages. Application of 18% mineral adversely influenced the activity of the cells and the extent of bioleaching in this case was insignificant. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Decouple and compare the role of abiotic factors and developed iron and sulphur oxidizers for enhanced extraction of metals from television printed circuit boards

Chemical leaching agents were compared for metal extractions from selected e-waste. Effect of iron, sulphur oxidizers and the formulated consortium were investigated for metals extraction from television printed circuit boards. The consortium showed maximum metal leaching efficiency. The bioleaching profile was studied as a function of pH, redox potential, acid consumed and the amount of Cu, Zn and Ni extracted. At 10 g/L of e-waste, 90%, 93% and 87% of Cu, Zn and Ni were extracted within 96 h. Ethylene diamine tetra acetic and pyrite were found beneficial. Two-step process resulted in more metal extraction even at 100 g/L pulp density.     

Extraction of transition metals from wood pulp fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide

The supercritical fluid extraction of manganese and iron from solid matrix (wood pulp) is demonstrated experimentally. Supercritical carbon diodixe is used together with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbonate (FDDC) as the ion-pairing reagent. The metal content of the pulp samples was determined by inductively couple plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Optimum conditions were determined to be 30 min each of static and dynamic extraction with 200 atm pressure at 40 °C. Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) extracted under these parameters exhibits an 80% decrease in manganese content, and 91% after a second, sequential extraction. The simultaneous removal of iron was found to be only 6% and supports evidence that it is much more strongly bound to the TMP matrix than manganese.     

Bio-dissolution of copper from Khetri lagoon material by adapted strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Bioleaching involves the use of iron and sulfur oxidizing microorganisms to catalyze the dissolution of valuable metals. In this investigation, lagoon material contains 0.39% Cu, in which the major copper bearing mineral is chalcopyrite associated with other minerals present as minor phase. Leaching experiments were carried out using an adapted strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans with various parameters such as presence/absence of iron, pH, pulp density and temperature. Base of the medium was 9 K (without ferrous) Bio-dissolution of copper was found to be maximum, i.e., 80.9% with 9 K⁺ (with ferrous) at pH-2.0, 10% pulp-density and 35 °C within an incubation period of 30 days.     

Mechanochemical sulfidization of a mixed oxide-sulphide copper ore by co-grinding with sulfur and its effect on the flotation efficiency

Mechanochemical sulfidization of a mixed sulfide/oxide copper ore by co-grinding with sulfur and additives including Mg(NO₃)₂ and Fe(NO₃)₃ salts and iron, aluminum and magnesium powders was investigated for the first time. Also, the influence of sulfidization during the wet-milling process was examined on the separation efficiency and recovery of copper in detail. The results demonstrated that co-grinding with sulfur solely had the best flotation performance at the value of 0.5 wt.% and it was attributed to the possible existence of S-O bonding on copper oxides surfaces. In addition, adding magnesium nitrate salt, magnesium powder, iron nitrate salt and aluminum powder as additive associated with 0.5 wt% sulfur into ball milling caused the flotation improvement at the amounts of 0.2 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 0.5 wt%, respectively. Also, the effect of grinding time and sulfidization pH with 0.5 wt% sulfur solely was determined and pHs of 7.5 to 8.5 gave the best results. The highest recovery (75.76%) and separation efficiency (63.44%) were achieved at pH of 7.5 and 8.5, respectively.     

Biological leaching of nickel and cobalt from lateritic nickel ore of Sukinda mines

In the present study lateritic nickel ore was used for bacterial leaching using a mixed consortium of mesophilic acidophiles. The microorganisms were adapted to 1 gram nickel/L prior to leaching. For the experiments, lateritic ore in different forms such as raw, roasted, roasted ore presoaked in dilute sulphuric acid and palletized pretreated roasted (400 °C and 600 °C) ore were taken. The leaching experiments were conducted in 9 K+ with 40 L capacity bioreactor using 10% (v/v) inoculum concentration at 10% (w/v) pulp density. The aeration was maintained at 2–3 L/min and the speed of agitator and temperature at 400–500 rpm and 35 °C. The maximum extraction of nickel and cobalt was observed with pretreated ore (600 °C) at 10% pulp density (77.23% and 73.22%) respectively within 31 days at pH 1.5 and least extraction in case of raw ore i.e., 9.47% nickel and 41.12% cobalt respectively.     

EXTRACTION OF TRANSITION METALS FROM WOOD PULP FIBERS USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE

The supercritical fluid extraction of manganese and iron from solid matrix (wood pulp) is demonstrated experimentally. Supercritical carbon diodixe is used together with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbonate (FDDC) as the ion-pairing reagent. The metal content of the pulp samples was determined by inductively couple plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Optimum conditions were determined to be 30 min each of static and dynamic extraction with 200 atm pressure at 40 °C. Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) extracted under these parameters exhibits an 80% decrease in manganese content, and 91% after a second, sequential extraction. The simultaneous removal of iron was found to be only 6% and supports evidence that it is much more strongly bound to the TMP matrix than manganese.     

微生物培养液脱H2S及副产物的性质

以氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养液和酸性Fe2（SO4）3溶液为吸收剂，采用优化的工艺条件进行了H2S的脱除实验，并对微生物培养液脱H2S后的副产物硫磺的相关性质进行了测定分析，以期为工业应用中硫磺回收工艺的设计提供参考。实验结果表明：采用微生物培养液脱H2S比单纯使用酸性Fe2（SO4）3溶液的效果好，反应进行45 min后，脱硫率仍可保持在90%以上；微生物培养液脱H2S后的副产物硫磺颗粒不溶于水，微溶于乙醇，完全溶于二硫化碳和四氯化碳，密度为1. 90 g·cm-3，熔点为121℃；该颗粒为不规则球形，在溶液中极易发生团聚现象，加入分散剂后测得平均粒径为5. 09 μm；该副产物硫磺具有亲水性，在工业应用上优于具有疏水性的升华硫和酸性Fe2（SO4）3溶液脱H2S产生的硫；该副产物硫颗粒在溶液中的沉降速度为0. 125×10-2 m·s-1。