工艺参数对Al2O3/TC4合金接头界面组织及力学性能的影响

采用Cu＋B钎料分别在钎焊温度890～970℃,保温时间为10min;钎焊温度为930℃,保温时间0～30min条件下,钎焊A120,陶瓷与TCA合金．利用SEM,EDS和压剪试验研究接头界面组织及力学性能．结果表明,随钎焊温度升高或保温时间的延长,Ti2（Cu,Al）2O层增厚,紧邻其侧生成连续并增厚的Ti2（Cu,Al）,Ti2（Cu,Al）含量增加;Ti＋Ti2（Cu,Al）含量增加,尺寸变大,分布范围逐渐变宽并向TC4合金侧迁移,TCA合金侧过共析组织区变宽．钎焊温度低于950℃时,TiB晶须主要分布在Ti2Cu晶界处的AlCu2Ti上;当钎焊温度高于950℃时,AlCu2Ti相逐渐消失,TiB晶须主要分布于Ti2Cu上．当保温时间为10min,钎焊温度为950℃时,接头最大强度为96MPa;而当钎焊温度为930℃,保温时间为20min时,接头最大强度为83MPa．关键词：Al2O3陶瓷;TC4合金;钎焊参数;界面组织;抗剪强度     

C／C复合材料与TC4合金钎焊接头的组织与性能分析

在钎焊时间3～30min，钎焊温度860-1000℃的条件下，采用AgCuTi钎料对C／C复合材料和TC4合金进行了钎焊试验。利用扫描电镜及EDS能谱分析的方法对接头的界面组织及断口形貌进行了研究。结果表明，接头界面结构为C／C复合材料／TiC＋C／TiCu＋TiC／Ag（s．s）＋Ti3Cu4＋TiCu／Ti3Cu4／TiCu／Ti2Cu／Ti2Cu＋Ti（s．s）／TC4。由压剪试验测得的接头抗剪强度结果可知，在钎焊温度910℃，保温时间10min的条件下，接头获得的最高抗剪强度为25MPa。接头的断口分析结果表明，接头断裂的位置与被连接界面的碳纤维方向有关，当碳纤维轴平行于连接面时，断裂发生在复合材料中；当碳纤维轴垂直于连接面时，断裂主要发生在复合材料与钎料的界面处。     

AgCu+nano-Al_2O_3复合钎料钎焊TC4合金与Al_2O_3陶瓷:界面结构及接头性能

通过向Ag Cu共晶钎料中添加nano-Al2O3增强相(2%,质量分数)并采用高能球磨的方法获得了Ag Cu+nano-Al2O3复合钎料(Ag Cu C钎料)。采用Ag Cu C钎料实现了TC4合金与Al2O3陶瓷的高质量钎焊连接,确定了TC4/Ag Cu C/Al2O3钎焊接头的典型界面组织结构为:TC4/α-Ti+Ti2Cu扩散层/Ti3Cu4层/Ag(s,s)+Ti3Cu4+Ti Cu/Ti3Cu4层/Ti3(Cu,Al)3O层/Al2O3。Nano-Al2O3的添加抑制了钎缝中连续的Ti-Cu化合物层的生长,同时在钎缝中形成了颗粒状Ti-Cu化合物相增强的Ag基复合材料,改善了钎焊接头的界面组织。随着钎焊温度的升高,各反应层厚度逐渐增加,颗粒状Ti-Cu化合物不断长大,Ag基复合材料组织逐渐细小。当钎焊温度T=920℃,保温时间t=10 min时接头抗剪强度达到最大为67.8 MPa,典型断口分析表明:压剪过程中,裂纹起源于钎角处并沿钎缝扩展后转入Al2O3陶瓷,最终在Al2O3陶瓷母材侧发生断裂。     

TC4／Ag-Cu—Ti／1Cr18Ni9Ti钎焊接头界面组织与结构

以Ag—Cu—Ti箔状钎料对钛合金TCA和不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti进行了真空钎焊。采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、金相显微镜和x一射线衍射等分析测试手段对钎焊过程中所形成的反应产物和接头界面结构进行了分析。结果表明：接头界面形成了Ti（s．s）、AS（s．s）、Ti—Cu金属问化合物等反应产物。连接温度较低（920℃）时,界面结构依次为1Cr18Ni9Ti／TiCu／Ag（s．s）＋少量Ti2cu／％2cu／Ti2cu＋Ti（s．s）／TC4;连接温度升高（960oC）时,界面结构为1Crl8Ni9Ti／Ti：Cu／Ti：Cu＋矩（s．s）／Ti2Cu／Ti2Cu＋Ti（s．s）／TCA;连接温度较高（1000oC）时,界面结构为1Crl8Ni9Ti／TiCu2／TiCu／Ti2Cu／Ti：Cu＋Ti（s．s）／TC4。提高钎焊温度与延长保温时间对钎焊接头界面组织结构有相似的影响,各反应相、反应层逐渐长大,金属问化合物反应相所占比例增大,而Ag（s．s）组织所占的比例变得更小,这种趋势随着焊接工艺参数的提高更加明显。     

颗粒增强复合钎料钎焊TiAl合金接头界面结构及性能

采用纳米Si3N4颗粒增强的AgCuTi复合钎料(AgCuTiC)实现了TiAl合金的钎焊连接.利用SEM,EDS及XRD等分析方法确定了TiAl/AgCuTiC/TiAl接头的典型界面结构为TiAl/AlCu2Ti/Ag(s,s)+TiN+ Al4Cu9+Ti5Si3.结果表明,钎焊过程中从TiAl母材溶入液相钎料的活性钛与复合钎料中纳米Si3N4颗粒发生反应,在钎缝中形成了细小的颗粒状TiN,Ti5Si3及Al4Cu9化合物增强的银基复合材料组织.银基复合材料的形成不仅提高了钎缝自身的强度,而且通过降低钎缝的线膨胀系数缓解了接头残余应力,并最终改善了钎焊接头的性能.当采用增强相含量为3％的AgCuTiC钎料在880℃保温5min条件下钎焊时,接头室温平均抗剪强度最高为278 MPa,比采用AgCuTi钎料提高40％.     

TiB_w/TC4钛合金与C/C复合材料钎焊接头的界面组织结构

采用活性钎料TiZrNiCu对TiBw/TC4钛合金和C/C复合材料进行了钎焊连接,借助SEM,EDS,XRD等分析手段研究了钎焊工艺参数对接头界面组织结构的影响.结果表明,采用TiZrNiCu钎料可以实现对两种材料的连接,接头典型的界面结构为：C/C复合材料/TiC＋（Ti,Zr）2（Cu,Ni）/Ti（s,s）＋（...     

钎焊及其设备

SnPb钎料与Au／Ni／Cu焊盘反应过程中Au的分布；金属／陶瓷发热体直接钎焊接头的应力分析；钎焊温度对TC4与Ti3Al—Nb合金钎焊接头组织的影响；SiC陶瓷与Ti合金的（Ag—Cu—Ti）-W复合钎焊接头组织结构研究；采用多层钎焊维修损坏的部件或工具；无铅波峰焊Sn—Bi—Ag—Cu钎料焊点剥离机制。[编者按]     

TiAl/Al的连接及Ti/TiA/Al系梯度材料的制备

1473K,30MPa,1h的热压条件下烧结了Ti／Ti TiAl／TiAl粉体叠层材料,在烧结过程中,混合层Ti＋TiAl内部发生了剧烈的化学反应（Ti＋TiAl→AlTi2）,该反应波及到相邻的Ti层及TiAl层,因而形成了物相组成渐变的精细梯度结构：Ti／Ti＋AlTi2／AlTi2／AlTi2＋TiAl／TiAl．使用A176Si10Zn10Cu4质量分数,％）合金钎料在853K,20min的钎焊条件下将该材料的TiAl例与Al进行了连接界面的测试表明,钎焊过程中钎料中的元素Si向TiAl表面扩散,并有Ti-Si化合物生成对反应机理进行了探讨．最终获得的Ti／TiAl／Al系密度梯度材料不仅整体致密,而且其密度治厚度准连续变化     

Ti3SiC2陶瓷与TC4合金钎焊接头微观组织及性能

采用接触反应钎焊,以Ti/Ni/Ti为中间层,实现了Ti3SiC2陶瓷与TC4合金的连接。钎焊接头的典型界面组织为：TC4/α-Ti + β-Ti + Ti2Ni/Ti2Ni + Ti3AlC + Ti5Si3Cx + TiC/Ti3SiC2。随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,钎缝宽度增加,Ti2Ni相含量减少。钎焊温度为980 ℃时,大量的Ti2Ni相分布于反应区;连接温度为1000 ℃时,钎焊接头抗剪强度最高,达到82 MPa,断裂主要发生在陶瓷母材处;随着钎焊温度的继续提升,在反应区和TC4合金界面处出现明显孔洞,接头力学性能显著降低。此外,分析了钎焊接头的形成机制。     

ZrO_2陶瓷与TC4真空钎焊接头组织和性能

由于陶瓷-金属构件能够实现性能互补,其钎焊技术和接头可靠性已经成为研究热点,包括钎料选用、炉中气氛控制,以及工艺参数优化等。文中采用Ag70-Cu-Ti4.5钎料进行了ZrO_2陶瓷和TC4合金的真空钎焊连接,研究了钎焊温度与保温时间对钎焊接头四点弯曲强度与界面组织结构的影响。结果表明,最佳钎焊工艺参数为钎焊温度875℃,保温时间15 min,钎焊接头强度最高可达191.9 MPa,但钎焊温度的较小变化会引起接头强度的急剧下降。从钎料中溶解的Ti和Cu元素对ZrO_2/TC4钎焊接头的组织演变具有主要影响,钎焊接头界面组织为ZrO_2/TiO+Cu_2Ti_4O+Cu_4Ti_3/Ag+Cu_3Ti_3O/Ti_2Cu_3/Ti_2Cu_3+CuTi_2/CuTi_2+CuTi_3/TC4。在一定范围内,反应层厚度增大,界面组织细小均匀,可以获得较好的接头性能。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.7Zn0.3)0.95Co0.05TiO3 ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) additions

The effects of BaCu(B₂O₅) additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. The (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were not able to be sintered below 1000 °C. However, when BaCu(B₂O₅) were added, they were sintered below 1000 °C and had the good microwave dielectric properties. It was suggested that a liquid phase with the composition of BaCu(B₂O₅) was formed during the sintering and assisted the densification of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics at low temperature. BaCu(B₂O₅) powders were produced and used to reduce the sintering temperature of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 35,000 GHz, ?_r = 18.5.0 and τ_f = −51 ppm/°C were obtained for the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics containing 7 wt.% mol% BaCu(B₂O₅) sintered at 950 °C for 4 h.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.     

废旧锂离子电池中Li, Fe和V的回收及xLiFePO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备

由于LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3材料的特征相近,制备方法类似,提供了一种从废旧LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3混合电池中回收Li、Fe和V,再制备xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3的方法。在空气气氛中600℃热处理1h后,去除粘结剂PVDF使活性物质与集流体分离。调节Li、Fe、V和P摩尔比,球磨、锻烧,配制不同比例的xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3(x:y=5:1,7:1,9:1)复合电极材料。表征了其形貌、结构和电化学性能,结果表明,回收制备的复合材料将同时具备LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3两种材料的电化学性能,能显著改善LiFePO_4的倍率性能。     

固相-水热法制备LiFePO4-Li3V2（PO4）3复合材料及其电化学性能（英文）

分别采用固相-水热法和球磨法制备磷酸亚铁锂-磷酸钒锂复合正极材料(LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3)。电化学性能测试表明,LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合正极材料的电化学性能远远高于 LiFePO4和 Li3V2(PO4)3单独作为正极材料的性能,并且以固相-水热法制备的复合材料性能优于以球磨法制得的复合材料。研究发现 LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合材料有 4 个氧化还原峰,相当于 LiFePO4 和 Li3V2(PO4)3 氧化还原峰的叠加。采用固相-水热法制备的LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3 复合材料形貌较为规则,且有新相物质产生,这是导致其电化学性能较好的原因。     

二维ZnO/ Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性

表面建造是提高半导体光催化活性的一种有效方法。本文利用Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5的区域表面又生长出BiVO4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400~600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光（波长大于420 nm）进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

Synthesis and characterization of Y3Al5O12 and ZrO2-Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings by combustion spray pyrolysis

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (8 mol% YSZ) coatings for potential application as thermal barrier coatings were prepared by combustion spray pyrolysis. Thermal cycling of as deposited coatings on stainless steel and FeCrAlY bond coat substrates was carried out at 1000 °C and 1200 °C to determine the thermal fatigue response. Structural and morphological studies on Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ coatings before and after thermal cycling have been carried out. It has been noted that the coatings on FeCrAlY substrates remain intact after 50 cycles between room temperature and 1200 °C, whereas the coatings on stainless steel show some minor damage such as peeling off near the periphery after 50 cycles at 1000 °C. Thermal diffusivity values of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ films were measured by using photo thermal deflection spectroscopy and the values are lower than those of coatings produced by conventional techniques such as EBPVD and APS.