基于阻尼转矩分析法的UPFC阻尼通道选取与附加稳定器的协调设计

在关于统一潮流控制器(UPFC)抑制系统低频振荡研究的基础上,将阻尼转矩分析(DTA)方法扩展至包含UPFC的多机电力系统,依据稳定器的阻尼转矩产生、传递和分配的机理,提出了应用DTA指标指导UPFC最佳阻尼通道的选取,并通过四机两区域系统验证了DTA方法的合理性。鉴于UPFC多个阻尼通道可附加多个稳定器以抑制多个振荡模态,提出一种UPFC多个稳定器的协调设计方法,通过DTA指标选取UPFC多个阻尼通道,采用Hooke-Jeeves直接搜索法协调各阻尼系数,再应用相位补偿法设计稳定器参数。仿真结果验证了该方法能够有效抑制多模态(包括区间与区内)振荡。     

统一潮流控制器附加阻尼抑制次同步谐振的理论与仿真

随着串联电容补偿输电的推广应用,中国电力系统面临着严峻的次同步谐振(SSR)问题。针对SSR问题,文中基于采用电流控制模式的统一潮流控制器(UPFC),提出了一种UPFC附加阻尼控制抑制SSR的方法;首先选择了附加阻尼控制信号接入UPFC控制器的位置,然后设计了UPFC附加次同步阻尼控制器(SSDC),并推导了其抑制系统SSR的机理,且所设计的SSDC采用了模态分离控制以达到抑制多模态SSR的目的。最后,综合利用复转矩系数和时域仿真的方法,对所设计的UPFC装置SSDC抑制SSR的有效性进行了分析和仿真。结果表明,所设计的SSDC在有效抑制SSR的同时,不会影响系统和UPFC装置的正常运行。     

利用含储能装置的STATCOM阻尼电力系统多模态振荡

研究了多机系统中使用储能装置与静止无功发生器(STATCOM)的集成抑制电力系统多模态振荡的可行性。推导了集成电池储能系统(BESS)的STATCOM的非线性动态模型和线性化Phillips-Heffron模型。利用STATC0M/BESS能够和系统自由交换有功功率和无功功率的特点,在每个控制回路上设计附加阻尼控制器阻尼多模态振荡。基于可控性指标确定STATCOM/BESS的安装地点并为各模态选择控制回路,使用人工鱼群算法进行多个阻尼控制器间的协调优化。仿真结果表明,单个STATCOM/BESS能够成功实现电力系统多模态振荡的抑制;阻尼效果受容量限制的影响,容量大时阻尼效果好。     

统一潮流控制器(UPFC)对次同步振荡的影响及抑制策略

FACTS等快速控制装置在一定条件下可能激发电力系统的次同步振荡问题,导致发电机轴系失稳,造成重大事故,危害电力系统的安全稳定运行。UPFC作为一种新型FACTS元件,虽然能实现母线电压控制和线路有功、无功功率的调节,但对次同步振荡影响的研究较少。同时,目前的UPFC阻尼控制器多针对低频振荡模态。故在搭建UPFC模型的基础上,运用测试信号法,研究了系统运行参数和UPFC电压有功控制等对次同步振荡的影响,并设计了相应的UPFC附加阻尼控制器。在IEEE第二标准测试系统上的计算机仿真说明,该控制器能有效提高多个扭振模态的电气阻尼,抑制系统的次同步振荡。     

并网统一潮流控制器影响系统机电振荡模式的阻尼转矩分析

区别于传统统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的附加阻尼控制,从UPFC的电压源换流器的控制特性角度,研究并网UPFC对系统机电振荡模式的动态影响。并网UPFC能够改变系统潮流分布,并与电力系统发生动态交互。UPFC影响系统机电模式主要有两个方面:一是UPFC调节系统潮流分布,影响系统机电模式;二是UPFC与系统同步机之间的动态交互作用影响系统机电模式。新建立的一种含UPFC的多机电力系统"闭环控制系统"型线性化状态空间模型,该模型将UPFC在电力系统中视为多输入—多输出的"功率—电压"型反馈控制器。在所提出该模型的基础上,应用阻尼转矩分析理论量化分析了UPFC与系统的动态交互作用对电力系统机电振荡模式的影响。采用经典的新英格兰10机算例系统,详细分析了UPFC稳态潮流调节、UPFC控制系统动态特性对系统机电模式的影响。非线性仿真验证了所得结论的正确性。     

应用轨迹灵敏度优化设计UPFC阻尼控制器参数

提出一种优化统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的附加阻尼控制器参数的新方法.这种方法以表征系统机电振荡模式的发电机转子角速度作为优化的目标函数,使用轨迹灵敏度技术计算目标函数对阻尼控制器参数的灵敏度,并采用共轭梯度法进行参数优化.在新英格兰测试系统上进行的仿真算例说明了使用该方法所设计的UPFC阻尼控制器可有效抑制系统低频振荡.     

UPFC抑制电力系统低频振荡的参数优化研究

为研究统一潮流控制器(UPFC)用于抑制电力系统低频振荡的效果,采用PID控制策略设计了UPFC,并利用遗传算法(GA)和粒子群算法(PSO)分别对UPFC参数进行了优化。对含UPFC的单机无穷大系统进行仿真,仿真结果显示,UPFC对阻尼电力系统低频振荡起到一定的作用,经过参数优化后系统的暂态变短,相关量的波动降低,且粒子群优化算法用于抑制阻尼电力系统低频振荡的效果优于遗传算法。     

某实际电网中装设的矢量控制UPFC的阻尼转矩分析

以某实际电网为研究背景,首先介绍了统一潮流控制器(Unified Power Flow Controller,UPFC)矢量控制的原理,随后对该实际电网进行了线性化,并在此基础上介绍了阻尼转矩分析(Damping Torque Analysis,DTA)方法,将其用于分析装有矢量控制UPFC的该电网中附加阻尼控制器是如何通过各台发电机向目标振荡模态提供阻尼的,然后以图形的形式展现出来,随后求得了DTA指标,且与模态分析法结果进行验证,证明了DTA方法的正确性,并选出了附加阻尼控制器在UPFC上的最佳安装通道。     

统一潮流控制器多目标协调控制策略研究

统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller,UPFC)应用到电力系统中,具有调节线路潮流、维持母线电压、提高暂态稳定性等多种控制目标,然而这些控制目标的实现并不完全统一,若UPFC采用单一目标的控制策略,则不能满足电力系统多种运行工况的要求。为此,分析了UPFC各控制目标的实现原理和控制方法,阐述了它们之间的关系及存在矛盾的原因,在此基础上提出了UPFC多目标协调控制策略,采用模糊逻辑设计了附加控制器,能够根据系统运行工况自适应调整附加信号的大小,从而实现多目标之间的协调控制。该策略使得电力系统稳态运行时电压和线路潮流严格跟踪参考值,而电力系统发生暂态扰动后,在维持系统电压和线路潮流在允许范围内的同时能够最大限度提高系统的暂态稳定极限,增加系统阻尼,并快速抑制系统振荡。基于PSCAD/EMTDC四机两区域系统的仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性及协调控制策略的有效性。     

装有统一潮流控制器的多机电力系统Phillips—Heffron模型及其应用

建立了装有统一潮流控制器的多机电力系统Phillips-Heffron模型,并通过一实例演示了Phillips-Heffron模型的如下应用：①研究统一潮流控制器的各种控制对电力系统振荡稳定性的影响;②设计统一潮流控制器的阻尼控制。     

Study on Rotary Loop Flow Controller for the Next‐Generation Distribution System

This paper describes two types of rotary loop flow controller, one is series type and the other is unified power flow controller (UPFC) type. Both of them can maintain the suitable voltage level of distribution system even with a large and uneven penetration of distributed generation. The configurations of proposed controllers are essentially same as wound rotor induction machine with no slip rings. The proposed controllers are less costly, more efficient, and more tolerant to overvoltages/currents as compared to power electronics‐type controllers. Further, UPFC‐type rotary loop flow controller has additional advantages like relatively smaller capability and ability to control reactive power than the series type of rotary loop flow controller. The proper functioning of the proposed controllers is confirmed through simulations and experiments.     

基于振荡能量下降原理的UPFC模糊控制器设计

研究了自适应统一潮流控制器(U PFC)模糊逻辑辅助阻尼控制器的设计方法。从振荡能量函数角度分析了U PFC安装线路的功率振荡特性,提出了以降低振荡能量为控制目标的阻尼控制策略。控制器以U PFC线路的功率为输入信号,通过对系统运行状态和控制效果进行评判,应用模糊规则自适应地调节控制参数,实现对系统功率振荡的有效抑制。控制器设计不需要系统的精确模型和参数。在10机新英格兰测试系统上的仿真研究表明,该控制器控制效果明显优于线性控制器,能有效抑制系统低频振荡,提高电力系统的动态稳定性水平,且具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Comparison of different robust control methods in design of decentralized UPFC controllers

The unified power flow controller (UPFC) integrates properties of both shunt and series compensations, and can effectively alter power system parameters in such a way that increases power transfer capability and enhances system stability. In practice, simple proportional–integral (PI) controllers are used to control the UPFC. However, the PI control parameters are usually tuned based on classical or trial-and-error approaches and as such, they are incapable of obtaining good dynamic performance for a wide range of operating conditions and various loads in power systems. Hence, in this article robust control approaches are proposed based on the quantitative feedback theory (QFT), H_∞ loop-shaping and μ-synthesis, to design UPFC controllers (power-flow and DC-voltage regulator). The three mentioned methods are compared with each other and a supplementary damping controller is developed to improve damping power system oscillations. Here, a single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) power system, installed with a UPFC (with system parametric uncertainties) is considered as a case study. The system parametric uncertainties are obtained following 40% simultaneous alterations in parameters and load from their typical values. The simulation results indicate satisfactory verifications of the robust control methods in dealing with the uncertainties considered. When the above three methods and the PI controller are compared in performance in several time-domain simulation tests, the results show clear superiority of the three methods over the PI controller, with the QFT presenting the best performance amongst the three robust control.     

UPFC的模糊调制控制研究

以统一潮流控制器（UPFC）为研究对象,针对其调制控制,引入模糊技术,设计了模糊调制控制器,以抑制互联电力系统联络线功率振荡,改善系统的动态稳定性。给出了模糊调制控制器的结构,运用梯度下降法对模糊控制器的关键参数进行了优化。结合UPFC具有串、并联元件的特点,提出了模糊联合调制控制器,相对于单一元件调制控制,可更有效地阻尼功率振荡。多机系统仿真结果表明模糊调制控制器能有效地抑制振荡,并且在运行工况改变时性能优于线性调制控制器,而联合调制又优于单一元件调制。     

Performance Evaluation of Power Oscillation Damping Controller—Firefly Algorithm Based Parameter Tuning

This paper presents the performance evaluation of power oscillation damping controller based on firefly algorithm (FA) parameter tuning. The power system stabilizer (PSS), unified power flow controller (UPFC), and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) are tuned with FA by minimizing integral time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE) as an objective function. An integrated multi-stage linear quadratic regulator – power oscillation damping UPFC/SSSC has been proposed with precise tuning of control parameters which results in overall states' oscillation damping as compared to other classical methods. It has been observed that the proposed control structure damps the oscillations adequately and is modular in design methodology. The sample power system comprising six areas has been considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the concept. The software has been developed based on the proposed work by the authors and the MATLAB code has been generated in R2009b version. The states' inter-relation which has been shown with eigenvalues reflects a better regulation and the step response is also validated.     

Design of an ANN tuned adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller for power system dynamic performance enhancement

A supplementary damping controller for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) is designed for power system dynamic performance enhancement. To maintain a good damping characteristic over a wide range of operating conditions, the gains of the UPFC supplementary damping controller are adapted in real time, based on online measured transmission line loadings (active and reactive power flows). To speed up the online gain adaptation process, an artificial neural network is designed. A major feature for the proposed adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller is that only physically measurable variables (active and reactive power flows over the transmission line) are employed as inputs to the adaptive controller. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller, computer simulations are performed on a power system subject to a three-phase fault. It is concluded from the simulation results that the proposed adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller can yield satisfactory dynamic responses over a wide range conditions. The electromechanical mode with an oscillation frequency around 0.78 Hz has been effectively damped by the proposed damping compensators.     

利用重复控制跟踪的统一潮流控制器抑制系统强迫振荡方法

从强迫振荡特性出发,利用线性化状态空间法分析了统一潮流控制器(UPFC)提高系统阻尼从而抑制强迫振荡的机理。设计了适用于抑制强迫振荡的插入式改进重复控制器(PMRC),并证明其对系统稳态参考值具有良好的跟踪性能。但考虑到PMRC不具备功率输出能力,提出了将功率控制设备UPFC与PMRC结合,并按PMRC跟踪要求输出抑制功率的方法。该方法使UPFC在提高系统阻尼的基础上输出抑制功率,从多角度抑制强迫振荡。仿真表明,所提方法能够有效抑制系统强迫振荡。     

Optimal location and signal selection of UPFC device for damping oscillation

Unified power flow controller (UPFC) is used for controlling the real and reactive power in transmission line and bus voltage simultaneously and independently. An additional task of UPFC is to increase transmission capacity as result of power oscillation damping. The effectiveness of this controller depends on its optimal location and proper signal selection in the power system network. A residue factor has been proposed to find the optimal location of the UPFC controllers and eigenvalue analyses are used to assess the most appropriate input signals (stabilizing signal) for supplementary damping control of UPFC to damp out the inter-area mode of oscillations. The proposed residue factor is based on the relative participation of the parameters of UPFC controller to the critical mode. A simple approach of computing the residue factor has been proposed, which combines the linearized differential algebraic equation model of the power system and the UPFC output equations. While for signal selection a right-half plane zeros (RHP zeros) and Hankel singular value (HSV) is used as tools to select the most receptive signal to a mode of the inter-area oscillation. The placements of UPFC controllers have been obtained for the base case and for the dynamic critical contingences. The effectiveness of the proposed method of placement and selection of signals are demonstrated on practical network of TNB 25 bus system of south Malaysian network and New England 39 bus system.     

Power system damping enhancement using unified power flow controller (UPFC)

The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) can inject voltage with controllable magnitude and phase angle in series with a transmission line. It can also generate or absorb controllable reactive power. UPFC is expected to be able to damp power system oscillations more effectively than power electronics devices such as SVG and TCSC. In this paper, a control system design of a UPFC for power system damping enhancement based on the eigenvalue control method is proposed. It is made clear that the best design method for the power system damping enhancement is to determine steady‐state values of the UPFC control variables and the control parameters of the UPFC such as gains and time constants simultaneously, because the controllability of UPFC depends on the steady‐state values of UPFC and the power flow condition. The effectiveness of the proposed control system taking into account UPFC inverter ratings is verified by digital time simulation. Furthermore the effects of the input signals to the UPFC controller on small‐signal stability and transient stability enhancement are studied, and it is made clear that UPFC controllers using global information are more effective for power system damping enhancement than those using local information because global information has stronger observability for power system oscillations than local information. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(3): 35–47, 2000