Comparison of thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics produced by hollow yarns with different hollowness ratio

In this study, the thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics produced by conventional and hollow cotton yarns with different hollowness ratio have been investigated and compared. For this purpose, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, air permeability and water vapour permeability of core spun, hollow and conventional yarn fabrics were measured and evaluated statistically. It was observed that thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics were affected by the yarn structure and the fibre distribution within the yarn. The results showed that hollow yarn fabrics had better thermal comfort properties than that of conventional yarn fabrics. In hollow yarns, as the hollowness ratio increases, air permeability and thermal conductivity of single jersey fabrics decrease but thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity and water vapour permeability increase. Statistical analysis also indicated that the differences between properties of hollow yarn fabrics and conventional yarn fabrics were significant. Furthermore, the yarn hollowness ratio significantly affects thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics.     

Study on effect of blend ratio on thermal comfort properties of cotton/nylon-blended fabrics with high-performance Kermel fibre

This study presents the thermal comfort properties of woven fabrics made of Kermel, cotton/nylon and cotton/nylon /Kermel-blended yarns. Our aim in this study is to combine the high comfort properties of cotton/nylon fibres with high thermal protective properties of Kermel fibre in different woven fabrics. Thus, Kermel (100%), cotton/nylon (50:50) and four blends of the 50% cotton fibres with nylon and Kermel (40:10, 30:20, 20:30 and 10:40) were spun on a ring-spinning frame and twisted into two-folded yarns with the same yarn count of 30/2(Ne) and twist level of 560 TPM. Using the produced yarns, woven fabrics with identical characteristic and structure were also produced. Then, the thermal comfort and physical properties of fabrics were studied in terms of fabric porosity, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, water vapour resistance and air permeability. The results show that the porosity, air permeability and thermal resistance increase with Kermel fibre blend ratio. Conversely, the water vapour resistance decreases with increase of Kermel fibre blend ratio up to 40%, while 100% Kermel-woven fabric exhibits a higher water vapour resistance value. Nevertheless, the thermal conductivity of cotton/nylon-blended Kermel woven fabric is unchanged with increase of Kermel fibre blend ratio up to 40%, whereas at 100% Kermel fibre blend ratio, the lowest thermal conductivity is obtained. The obtained results implied that woven fabric produced from cotton/nylon (50/10) blended with 40% Kermel fibre resulted in proper thermal comfort properties.     

Comfort properties of bamboo/cotton blended knitted fabrics produced from rotor spun yarns

The comfort characteristics of bamboo/cotton-blended knitted fabrics made from rotor-spun yarns were studied in this research work. Five different blend proportions namely 100% bamboo, 100% cotton, 50:50 cotton:bamboo, 70:30 cotton:bamboo and 30:70 cotton:bamboo were used to produce rotor-spun yarns of 30^sNe_c. The yarn samples developed out of these different blend proportions were evaluated for yarn strength and elongation, yarn unevenness, yarn imperfections and used to produce single-jersey-knitted fabrics. All the fabric samples were dyed and finished. Fabric samples were evaluated for geometrical properties such as course/inch, wales/inch, stitch density and thickness apart from measuring comfort properties such as airpermeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and water vapour permeability. The results indicated that 50/50 bamboo/cotton-blended knits have comparable fabric quality in terms of comfort properties with respect to 100% bamboo fabrics.     

Permeability properties of single jersey fabrics made of hollow yarns

In this work effect of using hollow yarns on the permeability properties of the single jersey knitted fabrics were studied. Firstly yarns were produced by ring spinning machine using cotton, viscose and acrylic fibres in the mantle and water soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre in the core. Single jersey fabrics were knitted and PVA core was removed subsequently by washing process to create hollow yarn. Weight, air permeability and water transmission rate properties of fabrics were measured before and after washing and compared with reference fabrics. Due to the removal of PVA fibres from the yarn core after washing treatment, air permeability and water vapour transmission rate of the all kind of single jersey fabrics which were produced with hollow yarns increased as well as weight of the fabrics decreased which will cause more comfort during any exercise. It was also found that mantle fibre type and PVA ratio have significant effect on the fabric properties.     

A study on thermal properties of single-jersey knitted fabrics produced from ring and compact folded yarns

This paper presents a study on the thermal properties of single-jersey knitted fabrics manufactured using ring, compact and ring/compact folded yarns. The variations in thermal properties depending on the yarn twist and traveller weight of folded yarn single-jersey knits were discussed. It was found that the thermal resistance of knitted fabrics generally increases as the traveller weight decreases, and also water vapour permeability reduces as the traveller weight decreases. The water vapour permeability and air permeability of knitted fabrics increase as the twist increases. The thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics decreases as the twist increases. The air permeability and water vapour permeability values were higher for compact folded yarn fabrics as compared to those values of ring and ring/compact folded yarn fabrics. It is observed that yarn twist and traveller weight have affected different thermal properties of single-jersey folded yarn fabrics.     

Impact of structural variations in hollow yarn on heat and moisture transport properties of fabrics

The use of hollow/microporous yarns plays an important role in enhancing the thermo‐physiological comfort properties of fabrics. Depending on structural variations in hollow yarn, heat and moisture regulation behaviours of fabrics can be affected significantly. In this study, three types of hollow cotton yarn fabrics, produced by introducing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filament in the core, PVA staple fibres in the blend and PVA filament in doubling with cotton spun yarn, are studied. All three types of pre‐hollow yarns and reference yarns are made with a variation in spinning technique (single roving/double roving) to prepare eight single jersey knitted fabrics. The hollow/microporous structure of the yarn is created by dissolving the PVA fibres using hot washing of the fabrics. On overall evaluation of the fabric’s thermo‐physiological comfort properties, the doubled hollow yarn fabrics are found to be better than other fabrics. In general, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, wicking and drying properties of all types of hollow yarn fabrics increase after repeated laundering, while air permeability, water vapour permeability and water absorbency of hollow yarn fabrics mostly decrease. In contrast with fabrics made from yarn produced through single roving technique, use of double roving technique only improves fabric water vapour permeability.     

竹浆/棉混纺纱针织物的服用性能

以竹浆/棉混纺纱为研究对象,经圆纬机织造和后整理工艺制备出纬平针和双罗纹针织物,测试分析了织物的透气性、透湿性、芯吸性、吸湿快干性、悬垂性、刚柔性和表面摩擦性等服用性能。测试结果显示,竹浆/棉混纺纱针织产品具有良好的春夏季服用舒适性能。     

Novel engineering approach to optimization of thermal comfort properties of hemp containing textiles

The aim of this research was to investigate the possibilities of producing comfort hemp containing textile fabrics by assembling a pure hemp yarn with other-fibre containing yarn. The plain knitted fabrics were produced from two-assembled hemp and three variants of cotton yarns which differed in twist level, all having the same linear density. The transport properties (air permeability, water vapour permeability and thermal resistance) of the hemp-based knitted fabrics were quantitatively analysed. The results obtained demonstrated that the introduction of cotton into hemp-based textiles reduces air and water vapour permeability with the downward trend in thermal resistance. The extent to which the transport properties varied among the hemp/cotton knitted fabrics was dependent on the twist intensity of the cotton yarns. Therefore, the yarn assembling technique is an effective way not only to combine different fibre properties but to take advantage of intrinsic properties of component yarns.     

Modelling of thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics made of cotton–bamboo yarns using artificial neural network

Regenerated cellulosic fibre made from bamboo is gaining popularity for apparel use due to its improved functional properties. This paper presents the modelling of thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics made from blended yarns of cotton and bamboo fibres using an artificial neural network (ANN). Five parameters, namely knitted fabric structure type, yarn linear density, bamboo fibre proportion (%), fabric thickness and fabric areal density, were used as inputs to the ANN model. The developed model was able to predict the thermal conductivity of fabrics with very good accuracy. The trend analysis of the developed model revealed the influence of various input parameters on the thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics. These findings can be judiciously used for the selection of optimum material and structural parameters of knitted cellulosic fabrics for a particular end‐use.     

A study on thermophysiological comfort properties of fabrics in relation to constituent fibre fineness and cross-sectional shapes

The present study reports the effect of linear densities and profiles of polyester fibres on the physiological properties of their fabrics. Four different polyester fibre finenesses along with microdenier and four cross-sectional shapes (circular, scalloped oval, tetrakelion and trilobal) were selected to produce two sets of 2/1 twill fabrics; one composed of 100% polyester and the other 67:33 P/V blends. In studying the thermophysiological component of the clothing comfort, heat, air and moisture transmission characteristics of the fabrics were assessed. The principal thermal properties, such as thermal absorptivity, thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, were experimentally evaluated, using the Alambeta instrument. The study of the obtained results established the fabrics of non-circular cross-sections as against circular ones, and increase in the linear density results in higher thermal resistance, lower thermal conductivity and lower thermal absorptivity. Wicking behaviour of fabrics was studied under two conditions–wicking from an infinite liquid reservoir (transverse wicking) and wicking from a finite liquid reservoir (single drop wicking into the fabrics). Increase in fibre linear density enhances transplaner wicking but slows down the spreading speed of water drops. Air permeability and moisture vapour permeability are found to be positively correlated with fibre decitex. The role of fibre cross-sectional shapes in influencing mass-flow characteristics is quite considerable. Use of non-circular polyester in place of a circular one augments the wickability of liquid water along with the permeability of air and moisture vapour through the fabrics, revealing their high porosity, which assists air and moisture to propagate. Mixing viscose into polyester brings down the air permeability and moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR) of fabrics. Results show that moisture absorption of viscose is an important factor in influencing the moisture transport characteristics including both wickability and MVTR of 100% viscose and P/V-blended fabrics.     

影响竹浆纤维针织物起毛起球性的因素

为深入分析竹浆纤维针织物起毛起球性的影响因素,根据7种竹浆纤维纬平针针织物的基本结构参数和起毛起球性的测试结果,应用灰色关联分析法对织物基本参数与起毛起球性之间的关系进行了定性和定量分析.结果显示:对起毛起球性的影响程度依次为织物的面密度、纵密、厚度、纱线线密度、氨纶含量、织物横密和竹浆纤维含量;含氨纶纯竹浆纤维针织物...     

Polylactic acid/lyocell fibre as an eco-friendly alternative to polyethylene terephthalate/cotton fibre blended yarns and knitted fabrics

Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA) and lyocell fibres blend can offer an eco-friendly alternative to commonly employed blend of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and cotton fibres in textiles. PET fibre is non-biodegradable and depletes fossils fuels and adds to landfill sites whereas conventional cotton, dominant part of global cotton production, requires large quantity of water and pesticides during its production. In this study, 100% PLA, 100% lyocell and PLA-lyocell (PL) blended yarns, in varying ratios, were ring spun and subsequently weft knitted and compared with the PET/cotton blend (50/50). The yarns were evaluated for tensile properties while the fabrics were investigated for bursting strength, bending length, pilling propensity, water vapour resistance, thermal resistance and air permeability. The economic comparisons of the two blends were also included. The results indicated that comparatively PL blends (in particular lyocell fibre rich blends) can offer environmental and performance advantages compared to PC blended knitted fabrics for casual summer clothing and active wear.     

Thermo-physiological comfort properties of double-face knitted fabrics made from different types of polyester yarns and cotton yarn

Double-face knitted fabrics with hydrophobic inner and hydrophilic outer layers are characterised by their advantageous thermo-physiological comfort property that facilitates the transport of sweat from skin to outer fabric layer where it can be evaporated easily. In this study, for the production of double-face knitted fabrics, cotton yarn as hydrophilic yarn type and five different polyester filament yarns consisting of standard polyester, hollow polyester, micro polyester, textured polyester and textured micro polyester as hydrophobic yarn type were used. In order to determine the thermo-physiological comfort properties of the fabrics, air permeability, water vapour permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and overall moisture management capacity were measured. The results were comparatively analysed using statistical methods. The experimental results demonstrated that the polyester-type yarns and the combinations of them with the cotton yarn in fabric layers affected the thermo-physiological comfort properties significantly. The fabrics with polyester-type inner face and cotton outer face showed the best moisture transmission properties.     

Multi-objective optimization of air permeability and thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics with desired ultraviolet protection

A simultaneous optimal solution of two objectives, namely air permeability and thermal conductivity has been derived for both single jersey and 1 × 1 rib knitted fabrics with desired ultraviolet (UV) protection. As these two objectives are conflicting with each other, a set of optimal solutions are possible which are non-dominating in nature. These set of optimal solutions are known as Pareto optimal solutions. In this work, the Pareto optimal solutions were derived with an elitist multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II). These Pareto optimal solutions helped to obtain the effective knitting and yarn parameters to engineer knitted fabrics with optimal comfort and desired level of UV protection.     

Preparation,characterisation of bamboo charcoal particles and the effect of their application on thermo-physiological comfort properties of woven fabrics

Abstract

Bamboo charcoal particles were prepared at micro level and applied on three types of woven fabric, namely 100% cotton, 100% polyester and 65/35 p/c blend. The thermo-physiological comfort properties such as wetting, wicking, water vapour permeability, air permeability and thermal resistance of the control and treated fabrics were investigated to study the effect of bamboo charcoal particles application on these fabrics. The results reveal that the bamboo charcoal treated fabrics show a good improvement in wetting, wicking and water vapour permeability. The charcoal particle finished fabrics also showed a slight decrease in thermal resistance thereby contributing to a corresponding improvement in thermal conductivity with a reduction in air permeability when compared with the control fabrics. The bamboo charcoal treated fabrics showed a good fastness to washing thus exhibiting good durability on the fabrics selected for the study. Also, the charcoal treated fabrics revealed a higher wickability than the control fabrics even after 20 washes.     

竹纤维针织运动面料的开发

文章研究了在针织圆机上开发竹纤维针织品的方法,选用纱线线密度分别为18.2 tex的竹纤维纯纺纱,开发抽针罗纹织物及单面网眼罗纹织物两种针织物。两种织物都具有良好的吸湿性、透气性,以及抗菌、抑菌功能,是高档、高附加值的功能性针织运动面料。根据竹纤维的特点,本文采用活性染料对产品进行染色,并采用亲水性柔软剂对染色后的针织产品进行柔软整理。     

Thermal properties of socks made from reclaimed fibre

In this study, thermal properties of the socks made from the blend of reclaimed cotton fibre and virgin polyester fibre are investigated in comparison with those of similar socks made from virgin cotton fibre, together with the influence of incorporated elastane. Statistical results reveal that elastane addition and fibre type significantly affect all of the thermal properties of the socks. Elastane addition leads to increase in the thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and thermal absorptivity values and decrease in the water vapour permeability values. The reclaimed fibre socks exhibit lower thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity and higher thermal resistance than the cotton socks. The water vapour permeability results of the reclaimed fibre socks with no elastane are higher than those of the cotton socks with no elastane. The difference between the water vapour permeability of the reclaimed socks with elastane and the cotton socks with elastane is found to be statistically insignificant.     

Thermo-physiological comfort characteristics of polyester air-jet-textured and cotton-yarn fabrics

Air-jet-textured polyester yarns were produced using two feed yarns differing in filament fineness and number of filaments. By varying the overfed rates of feed yarns and changing their positions in core and effect, five textured yarns were produced. Woven fabrics were prepared using these textured yarns as weft and cotton yarns in warp. To study the effect of air-jet-texturing parameters on the thermo-physiological comfort characteristics of fabric, the woven fabrics were tested for thickness, thermal properties, transverse wicking and air permeability. It is observed that thermal conductivity and resistance of fabrics are not influenced by the texturing parameters/textured yarn structure. These properties are mainly dependent on the entrapped air present in fabrics. Thermal absorptivity is a transient phenomenon of heat flow reflecting that the ‘warm-cool feeling’ effect of fabrics depends on smoothness/roughness of fabric surface. Fabrics with smooth surfaces have higher thermal absorptivity values as they provide a large area of contact with human skin. The roughness of fabrics depends on the number of surface loops and filament fineness. Transverse wicking of fabrics depends on the size, continuity and alignment of the capillaries present in the core of textured yarns.     

Studies on cotton-acrylic bulked yarns produced from different spinning technologies. Part II: fabric characteristics

The present work is concerned with the study of the characteristics of plain woven fabric produced with cotton-acrylic high-bulk yarns from different spinning technologies. The effects of different factors, namely spinning technologies (ring, rotor and DREF-II, i.e. Group A fabrics), position of shrinkable acrylic feed sliver in DREF-II friction spinning system (Group B fabrics) and proportion of shrinkable acrylic core fibre in core-sheath type DREF-III friction spun yarns (Group C fabrics) on various properties of cotton-acrylic blended bulked yarn fabrics have been reported. The influence of these three variables on the mechanical, handle and comfort properties of fabrics have been studied. The properties of fabrics made of bulked yarns from different spinning technologies are found to be different from the normal 100% cotton yarn fabrics in all respect. Even though the bulked yarns were used only in weft direction, the fabrics with modified yarn structures show appreciable improvement in thermal resistance, moisture vapour transmission, wicking and air permeability. The bending rigidity of the fabrics in weft direction also reduced with improvement in crease recovery in weft direction.     

Effect of blend proportion on moisture management characteristics of bamboo/cotton knitted fabrics

This study reports an investigation of the effect of the blend-ratio of bamboo and cotton fibres on the moisture management properties of single jersey knitted fabrics composed of them. The moisture management properties of the fabrics were measured in SDL-ATLAS moisture management tester. The liquid transport properties of textiles, such as wetting time, maximum moisture absorption rate, maximum wetted radii, spreading speeds, cumulative one-way transport capacity and overall moisture management capacity (OMMC), have been considered and correlated to the blend ratio of bamboo/cotton yarn single jersey knitted fabrics. It was observed that as the bamboo content increased, the wetting time decreased, maximum wetted radius decreased, rate of absorption increased, spreading speed decreased and OMMC decreased.