污泥处理处置技术的研究进展

随着我国污水处理技术的不断发展,在污水处理量与日俱增的同时也使得剩余污泥量不断增加,这些污泥如果不进行处理是不允许直接排放到外界环境中,因此对剩余污泥必须要进行无害化、减量化、资源化和稳定化的处理,在选择污泥处理处置技术之时要充分考虑技术可行性、经济可行性以及生态可行性,当前污泥处理处置技术正处于不断的发展过程中,在可以达到污泥处理处置目的的同时,如何降低其投资和运行成本成为当前污水处理领域讨论的热点问题。文章介绍了传统的污泥处理处置技术,并对几种的新型污泥处理处置技术进行讨论。     

造纸污泥处理及资源化应用技术

介绍了造纸污泥处理及资源化应用技术.污泥处理的主要技术是污泥焚烧及生物法处理,污泥处置的主要方式为多种形式的土地化利用.污泥资源化应用具有广泛的发展前景.     

生物沥浸工艺在污泥深度处理中的应用研究

传统的带式脱水机处理的剩余污泥含水率为70%-80%,而目前垃圾填埋场对污泥的准入原则要求含水率在60%以下。因此带式脱水机所处理后的剩余污泥在存放,运输及最终处置方面都存在较大的困难。而生物沥浸工艺通过生物化学方法对污泥进行深度处理,最终由板框压滤机对深度处理后的污泥进行物理压榨。这样所得的泥饼含水率降为60%以下,不仅使污泥的存放及运输更为便利,并降低了运输成本,更为污泥的最终处置达到资源化利用提供了有力保障。     

污泥处理处置技术的现状及发展趋势

我国目前剩余污泥的产量日益增加,成为污水厂面临的一个重大问题。本文论述了污泥处理处置技术的研究现状以及发展趋势。     

制革污泥资源化处理与处置研究进展

综述了目前制革污泥资源化处理与处置技术的国内外研究进展,总结了制革污泥直接处理、材料化处理和资源化处理三方面的研究现状,重点论述了制革污泥中有机质和铬的资源化处理研究,并综合考虑处理效果和成本等问题对不同处理技术进行比较。分析显示：焚烧法和生物淋滤法是目前最具发展前景的技术,能否解决烟气和飞灰中重金属等二次污染问题是今后研究制革污泥焚烧的重点,此外,生物淋滤技术工程应用过程中存在的2个关键性问题：淋滤不彻底导致残留的铬在资源化利用过程中的富集问题和处理成本（包括能耗和建设成本）问题。提出制革污泥资源化处理与处置的基本思路：首先对制革污泥中铬等有毒但有价值的金属进行回收和再利用,然后对脱毒后的制革污泥进行堆肥或直接农用,可以完全实现制革污泥资源化。     

剩余活性污泥的处置与利用

在微生物法处理污水工艺中,剩余的活性污泥如何处理成为了全行业的一个难题。本着经济、环保、循环的处理原则,应该尽量对剩余污泥进行回收与利用,使资源的利用率达到最大。介绍了剩余污泥的处置、减量、再利用技术及研究现状,包括各相关技术的优缺点与发展方向。     

采用EGSB-MBR组合系统处理生活污水

采用有效容积为150 L的膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器和 400 L的一体式膜生物反应器(MBR)新型组合系统处理生活污水,首先通过模拟废水实验确定反应器的水力停留时间(HRT),在此基础上进行组合系统处理生活污水的中试研究,考察EGSB MBR组合系统处理生活污水的技术可行性. 结果表明,在温度 30 ℃、EGSB 水力停留时间为 0 8 h、混合液悬浮固体量(MLSS)在28 5 g/L,MBR的HRT为 2 h、MLSS 为 10 g/L、DO为 2 mg/L时,系统运行稳定,COD和NH3—N去除率分别为95%以上和90%以上,色度去除率大于 90%,悬浮固体(SS)和浊度几乎可以完全去除,出水水质优于城市污水再生利用———城市杂用水水质标准,同时组合系统污泥产量低,可大大减少污泥处理处置费用,是一项高效、节能的新型城市污水资源化技术.     

鱼业废水的生物处理方法

在养鱼产业中,高张力废水的排出处理,在全世界都是一个很热门的话题.生物处理法是处理废水的最好方法.厌氧固定床和流化床反应器(AFB)、升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)可以除去80～90％的有机物,同时产生生物气.需氧过程如活性淤泥,旋转的生物接触器,渗漉器,曝气生物滤池也可以除去有机物.对污水先进行厌氧消化,再进行需氧过程处理是最适合的方法.     

武汉市污泥处理处置技术研究与探索

就武汉城市污泥的特点、处置阶段、污泥综合利用进行了论述,并对现有污泥处理处置技术存在的问题及处置的发展趋势开展讨论,提出了武汉市城市污泥处理处置的技术路线。     

膜生物反应器在工业废水处理中的应用

文中综述了膜生物反应器在工业废水处理中的工艺特点,分析了影响膜生物反应器运行状态的因素:曝气强度、有机负荷、污泥龄(SRT)、水力停留时间(HRT)、溶液pH、水温以及污泥浓度等。认为该种新型生物反应器具有处理效率高、出水水质好、设备紧凑、体积小、运行管理简单的优点,且易与其他预处理方法结合实现自动控制,大大提高工业废水处理的效率,在工业生产中表现出明显的优势。同时分析了膜生物反应器在实际应用中仍存在的膜的生产成本较高、使用寿命较短、更换膜组件费用较高等问题,提出膜材料改性、与料液预处理技术有效结合、探索优化操作参数等方面是今后研发的重点。     

高效内循环生物反应器处理脱墨废水动力学特性初步研究

研究了脱墨废水用高效内循环生物反应器处理时的生物降解和生物增长动力学特征,求出了脱墨废水经两种不同预处理后的降解动力学方程及稳态条件下活性污泥的产率系数.与传统活性污泥法相比,其污泥的产率系数只有1/3～1/2.     

Analysis of the time dependency of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community dynamics in an activated sludge bioreactor

An autoregressive error term model was applied to examine the dynamic oscillation of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) lineages found in an activated sludge bioreactor. The current abundance of AOB lineages was affected by the past abundance of AOB lineages and past environmental and operational factors as well as current influencing factors.     

MBR工艺处理印染废水的研究进展

纺织是高能耗、高污染行业,印染废水对我国环境影响巨大。近几十年,众多学者对印染废水的处理技术进行了大量研究。其中,膜生物反应器(MBR)由于占地面积小、出水水质好、污泥浓度高、污泥产率低等被用作处理印染废水的首选工艺之一。梳理了MBR工艺处理印染废水的研究文献,总结亟需解决的难题。     

Decolorization of heat-treatment liquor of waste sludge by a bioreactor using polyurethane foam-immobilized white rot fungus equipped with an ultramembrane filtration unit

A bench-scale bioreactor using immobilized fungal cells equipped with an ultramembrane filtration unit was developed as a means of decolorizing brown color components (melanoidins) arising from the heat-treatment liquor (HTL) of waste sludge. Artificial HTL containing 4200 color units of synthetic melanoidin supplemented with 1000 mg/l ethanol was first subjected to decolorization by the fungus Coriolus hirsutus IFO4917 immobilized onto polyurethane foam cubes. Then, the resultant biologically treated HTL was subjected to ultrafiltration to obtain the permeate (filtrate) as the effluent. The retentate (concentrate) of the filtration unit, containing the remaining melanoidin of high molecular weight and extracellular decolorizing enzymes, was returned to the fungal bioreactor to allow further decolorization. This system was operated in a sequencing batch mode under nonsterile conditions. Contamination of the bioreactor with air/water-born microbes markedly lowered the decolorization efficiency. However, this problem was solved by heating the returned concentrate at 50 degrees C for 10 min. Under the almost stable condition of a hydraulic retention time of 2 d in a 1-d cycle sequencing batch mode, about 70% decolorization was routinely achieved using the entire system (bioreactor + ultrafiltration), while the contribution of the fungal bioreactor alone to the decolorization was about 45%.     

食品工业废水处理中混合液悬浮固体浓度对膜生物反应器效率的影响研究

研究了在处理食品工业废水时,混合液悬浮固体的浓度(MLSS)对正在运行的膜生物反应器的影响。膜生物反应器主要由活性污泥和中空纤维微滤膜组成。两个实验过程分别在低MLSS浓度和高MLSS浓度情况下进行。由悬浮固体(99.95%)、浊度(NTU)(99.34%)和CODcr(95.4%)的去除率可知,低MLSS浓度的实验过程达到了更高的处理效果。用MBR处理食品工业废水,出水水质稳定。     

High-rate aerobic treatment of winery wastewater using bioreactors with free and immobilized activated sludge

COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate and efficiency of winery wastewater (WW) aerobic treatments were evaluated in an air-bubble column bioreactor using self-adapted microbial populations either free or immobilized on polyurethane particles and in a packed-bed bioreactor immobilized on Raschig rings. The bioreactors were fed continuously for up to 12 months using WW of different origins and with different pollution loads (COD range, 0.8-11.0 kg.m(-3)): the maximum loading rate was approx. 8.8 kg-COD m(-3).d(-1). The highest COD removal rate (6.6 kg.m(-3).d(-1)) was obtained with free activated sludge in the bubble column bioreactor; treatment efficiency and hydraulic retention time were >90% and approx. 0.8 d, respectively. The microbial populations in the three reactors were characterized.     

Bioreactor function under perturbation scenarios is affected by interactions between bacteria and protozoa

This study investigated the impact of transient cadmium perturbations on the structure and function of the microbial community in an activated sludge system. The impact of cadmium perturbation on the bioreactor performance, bacterial activity, bacterial community structure, and bacteria-protozoa interactions was examined. The bacterial community exhibited a short-term inhibition following a pulse perturbation of cadmium. Process recovery was associated with an increase in bacterial abundance above the unperturbed control reactor, followed by high biomass activity after the washout of cadmium. This trend was seen for multiple experiments at both laboratory- and pilot-scale. The increase in biomass activity could not be explained by changes in bacterial community structure. Independent experiments showed that the increase in bacterial abundance, and by association biomass activity, was caused by the decrease in the protozoal grazing due to the higher inhibition of ciliated protozoa as compared to bacteria when exposed to cadmium. This paper highlights the importance of expanding the investigative boundaries of the microbial ecology of bioengineered systems to include protozoal grazing, especially under perturbation scenarios.     

污泥干燥焚烧技术在印染企业中的应用

文章分析了国内外污泥处理的现状,阐述了污泥焚烧处理的方法和优势,以及影响污泥焚烧工艺的主要因素,并介绍了污泥干燥燃烧技术和工艺流程,分析了经济效益。     

Formation of distinct soluble microbial products by activated sludge: kinetic analysis and quantitative determination

Soluble microbial products (SMP) released by microorganisms in bioreactors are classified into two distinct groups according to their different chemical and degradation kinetics: utilization-associated products (UAP) and biomass-associated products (BAP). SMP are responsible for effluent chemical oxygen demand or for membrane fouling of membrane bioreactor. Here an effective and convenient approach, other than the complicated chemical methods or complex models, is developed to quantify the formation of UAP and BAP together with their kinetics in activated sludge process. In this approach, an integrated substrate utilization equation is developed and used to determine UAP and their production kinetics. On the basis of total SMP measurements, BAP formation is determined with an integrated BAP formation equation. The fraction of substrate electrons diverted to UAP, and the content of BAP derived from biomass can then be calculated. Dynamic quantification data are obtained for UAP and BAP separately and conveniently. The obtained kinetic parameters are found to be reasonable as they are generally bounded and comparable to the literature values. The validity of this approach is confirmed by independent SMP production tests in six different activated sludge systems, which demonstrates its applicability in a wide range of engineered system regarding SMP production. This work provides a widely applied approach to determine the formation of UAP and BAP conveniently, which may offer engineers with basis to optimize bioreactor operation to avoid a high effluent soluble organics from SMP or SMP-based membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors.