AutoCAD for Windows环境的三维造型的ARX编程

ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ Ｒ１４平台下，用ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ的开发工具ＡＤＳ升级为ＡＲＸ开发出Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５环境下圆柱齿轮三维造型系统，它既可调用Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ集成系统所生成的数据文件完成三维造型，又可直接输入数据生成三维图形，实现二维图形，三维图形联合输出。     

面向对象的CAD系统研究

探讨了将面向对象的方法和技术引入ＣＡＤ系统的研究与开发的必要性，阐述了面向对象的ＣＡＤ系统的特点和开发面向对象ＣＡＤ系统的方法，并简要介绍了作者开发的一种面向对象的图形库系统模型。     

AutoCAD fow Windows环境下三维齿轮造型的ARX编程

在ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ Ｒ１４平台下，用ＡｕｔｏＣＱＤ的开发工具ＡＤＳ升级为ＡＲＸ开发出Ｗｉｎｄｗｏｓ９５环境下的圆柱齿轮三维造型系统，它既可调用Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５下的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ集成系统所生成的数据文件完成三维造型，又可直接输入数据生成三维图形，实现了二维图形，三维图形联合输出。     

水工CAD专用图形库的研制与开发

基于ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ Ｒ１４软件平台，应用ＯｂｊｅｃｔＡＲＸ与Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｃ＋＋５．０语言，研制和开发了一个水工ＣＡＤ专用图形库。该系统包括绘图环境设置、水工图形库制作，坝体绘制、水工专用标注，水工专用填充，水工专用线型，可视化编辑等等。并能进行进一步的开发和扩展。     

基于AutoCAD的通用机械零部件CAD系统开发

基于流行的ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ软件，应用ＡＤＳ及Ｃ语言编程，设计开发了一个通用机械零部件ＣＡＤ系统，实现了常用机械零件的设计，计算和参数化绘图等，该系统界面友好，开放性好，便于于进下开发和完善，达到了实用要求。     

机械CAD系统用户界面设计技术

介绍了开发基于ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ Ｒ１４平台的机械ＣＡＤ系统中的菜单、工具条、对话框等用户界面设计方法和技术。     

建设企业信息系统应以数据为中心

１　计算机应用系统现状大多数企业的计算机硬件和软件，都是分散投资购进和单项开发应用的，基本上没有标准代码，没有一致的业务流程，没有整体的系统分析和设计。从水利部天津水利水电勘测设计研究院情况看，生产部门的厂房ＣＡＤ、重力坝ＣＡＤ、水文ＣＡＤ、概预算系统、地质图系统、电子地图、ＧＩＳ等都是独立开发的，由于各系统在不同的运行平台上开发，且开发环境和数据结果的存储格式各异，目前还不能直接进行数据交换。管理部门的计划、财务、人事、设备、房产、档案等管理系统也是分别开发的，基本上无法实现相互交流。通过分析…     

基于AUTOCAD的三维重构的一种算法

基于ＡＵＴＯＣＡＤ，利用ＡＤＳ开发系统，提出并实现一种二维ＣＡＤ图形的三维重构的有效算法，其基本思想是先将二维ＣＡＤ图形进行分解，然后通过ＡＭＥ扫描运算及布尔集合运算构造出三维ＣＡＤ模型。     

微机自由曲面参数造型系统的开发及应用

在ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ平台基础上开发的自由曲面参数造型系统，生成实体丰富，可对实体进行编辑、修改、拓扑变形及集合运算，克服了ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ之不足，丰富了造型系统     

微机工面参数造型系统的开发及应用

在ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ平台基础上开发的自由曲面参数造型系统，生成实体丰富，可对实体进行编辑、修改、拓扑变形及集合运算，克服了ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ之不足，丰富了造型系统。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.