钛酸钾晶须填充新型PPESK的性能及形态研究

采用填料对含二氮杂萘结构的聚醚砜酮(PPESK)进行填充改性,能够快捷有效的提高其性能,为此采溶液共沉析的方法制备了含二氮杂萘结构的聚芳醚砜酮/钛酸钾晶须(PPESK/Whisker)复合材料.使用不同比例的钛酸酯偶联剂进行晶须表面处理,研究了晶须表面处理和晶须含量对PPESK复合材料机械性能的影响;考察了复合材料的热性能,并用扫描电镜观察了复合材料的形貌.结果表明,钛酸钾晶须作为填充材料,使得复合材料机械性能得到明显改善;对晶须进行适当的表面处理后,晶须与PPESK基体的相容得到改善.     

偶联剂对硼酸铝晶须/双马来酰亚胺性能的影响

应用自行合成的一类新型硼酸酯偶联剂及硅烷偶联剂等对硼酸铝晶须进行表面处理,考察了硼酸铝晶须对双马来酰亚胺树脂体系性能的影响.结果表明,硼酸酯处理后的晶须对材料的改性作用较硅烷更加显著;硼酸铝晶须添加到双马来酰亚胺树脂中后,材料的弯曲强度在晶须含量为5%时达到最大值,而后随晶须含量的增大稍有下降;随晶须添加量的增大材料的弯曲模量和耐热性逐渐提高;经硼酸酯处理的晶须与树脂基体具有更好的界面粘接.     

团簇对粉末热挤压铝基复合材料力学性能的影响

为明确晶须团簇行为对材料力学性能的影响,采用粉末热挤压法制备了硼酸镁晶须增强铝基复合材料,对不同含量的晶须增强铝基复合材料进行了力学性能测试,并基于载荷传递模式提出相应的模型对材料强度进行预测.结果表明:随着硼酸镁晶须含量的增加,团簇加剧;当晶须体积分数大于10%时,材料力学性能降低;提出的模型考虑了团簇因素,成功预测了复合材料的实验强度.     

Effects of sintering temperature of whisker preform on the microstructures and tensile properties of Bi(OH)3-coated Al18B4O33 whisker-reinforced aluminum matrix composites

A alumina borate whisker with Bi(OH)₃ coating was prepared by a chemical method. The coated whiskers were sintered at various temperatures. The coated whisker-reinforced pure aluminum matrix composite was fabricated by squeeze casting method. The microstructures of the coated whiskers and coated composites with the different sintering temperature of whisker preform were studied, and the tensile properties of the coated composites at room temperature were also investigated. It can be found that the microstructures of coatings on the whisker surfaces and at the interface in the coated composites are strongly dependent on the sintering temperature of whisker preform. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of the coated composites increased with the increasing of sintering temperature of the whisker preform.     

SPTW 对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究六钛酸钾晶须添加量的不同对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响。方法采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW),利用熔融共混法,将改性过的六钛酸钾晶须与聚丙烯(PP)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)熔融共混制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW复合材料。结果比较不同含量的六钛酸钾晶须对复合材料力学性能的影响,发现添加适量改性过的六钛酸钾晶须可明显改善复合材料的力学性能。随着六钛酸钾含量的不断增加,其弯曲强度也增大,当SPTW的质量分数为12%时,弯曲强度提高了21.5%,随着含量的继续增加,弯曲强度开始下降;其拉伸强度和冲击强度都呈先增加后降低的趋势,在SPTW质量分数为8.3%左右时,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了19.7%和31.8%。结论在聚丙烯中添加经硅烷偶联剂KH550改性的SPTW,其质量分数为12%时,力学性能最佳。     

GF对SPTW/PP电商包装复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究玻璃纤维(GF)对聚丙烯(PP)/六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW)复合材料力学性能的影响。方法首先选用硅烷偶联剂KH550对六钛酸钾晶须进行改性,采用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)作为相容剂,通过在PP/SPTW复合材料中引入不同质量分数的玻璃纤维(GF),利用熔融共混法制得一系列PP/SPTW/GF复合材料。采用SEM观察冲击断面结构和XRD观察复合材料晶型结构,并比较引入不同质量分数的GF后PP/SPTW复合材料力学性能的变化。结果当复合材料中GF质量分数为5%时,复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度达到最佳,分别提升了18.38%,16.31%,20.24%;当复合材料中GF质量分数大于5%时,复材料的力学性能开始下降。结论在复合材料中引入GF后,能够明显改善复合材料的力学性能,且随着GF质量分数的逐渐增加,复合材料的力学性能整体呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。     

T-ZnO晶须增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学行为

研究了以四脚状氧化锌（T-ZnO）晶须为增强剂，环氧树脂复合材料的力学行为。结果表明，由具有三维空间结构的T-ZnO晶须为增强剂所制备的环氧树脂复合材料具有各向同性的力学性能，T-ZnO晶须填加质量分数为6%时，就可使材料的力学性能改善；拉伸强度提高到169%，拉伸功几乎提高了100%，冲击强度提高到300%，抗弯的断裂功提高到158%，而压缩强度略有下降。     

改性纳米碱式氯化镁晶须填充ABS/PP复合材料的力学性能

本文通过熔融共混法在接枝了PMMA的碱式氯化镁（g-BMC）表面包覆TPE橡胶层,制得BMC母料,再将其与PP、ABS共混复合制备出ABS/PP复合材料,分别考察了BMC母料、g-BMC以及PP三者不同添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,在试验用量范围内,BMC/ABS复合材料的冲击强度和熔融指数随着BMC填料含量的增加而增大。当BMC母料含量为15%,g-BMC含量为55%时具有较好的冲击性能;当PP含量为9%-10%时,BMC/PP/ABS复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度最好;BMC填料含量对复合材料的拉伸强度影响较小,但随其用量增加复合材料的冲击强度有明显提高。     

Effect of a novel coupling agent,alkyl ketene dimer,on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites

The objective of this study was to investigate the incorporation of poplar wood fibers both with and without a novel coupling agent, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), on the mechanical properties of wood fiber/polypropylene (PP) composites. The resulting properties were compared to those obtained with the most commonly used coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP). Tensile and impact strengths of the composites decreased with increasing poplar wood fibers content. Tensile modulus of the composites increased by the incorporation of the wood fibers content up to 70 wt% but further increment in the wood fibers decreased the tensile modulus. At the constant content of poplar wood fibers (70 wt%), the tensile strength determined for the coupled composites with 5% AKD increased by 41% in comparison with the non-coupled composites while the tensile modulus increased by 45%, the impact strength of the coupled composites increased by 38%. The performance of 5% AKD on the mechanical properties of the composites is a little better than 3% MAPP. The good performance of 5% AKD is attributed to the enhanced compatibility between the poplar wood fibers and the polymer matrix. The increase in mechanical properties of the composites demonstrated that AKD is an effective coupling agent for wood fiber/PP composites.     

Wood Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Fibre Geometry and Coupling Agent on Physico-Mechanical Properties

Wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites at fibre content 50% by weight have been prepared and different types of wood fibres (hard wood fibre, soft wood fibre, long wood fibre and wood chips) were treated with coupling agent (MAH-PP) to increase the interfacial adhesion with the matrix to improve the dispersion of the particles and to decrease the water sorption properties of the final composite.The present study investigated the tensile, flexural, charpy impact and impact properties of wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites as a function of coupling agent and fibre length and structure.From the results it is observed that wood chips-PP composites showed better tensile and flexural properties comparative with the other wood fibre-PP composites with the addition of 5%MAH-PP, which is around 65% and 50% for tensile strength and flexural strength respectively. Hard wood fibre-PP composites showed better impact characteristic values comparative to other wood fibre-PP composites with the addition of 5%MAH-PP and damping index decreased about to 60%. Charpy impact strength also increased up to 60% with the addition of 5%MAH-PP for long wood fibre-PP composites. Water absorption and scanning electron microscopy of the composites are also investigated.     

原位聚合法制备SiC@SiO2/BN/PI复合材料及其表征

聚酰亚胺复合材料以其优异的性能以及在航空航天、轨道交通、微电子等领域广泛的应用前景引起越来越多的关注。在750 ℃条件下对SiC晶须进行表面氧化处理, 形成SiC@SiO₂包覆结构晶须, 与BN颗粒构成复合填料, 分别采用硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂进行表面改性, 用原位聚合法制备了SiC@SiO₂/BN/PI(PI:聚酰亚胺)复合材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等进行结构和性能表征。结果表明: 晶须与颗粒质量比为4 : 1时, 复合填料在PI基体内形成了有效的导热网络, 且当填料含量为45wt%时, SiC@SiO₂/BN/PI复合材料导热系数达到0.95 W/(m·K)。SiC@SiO₂/BN/PI复合材料的力学性能随着复合填料的种类和数量的变化呈现规律性变化。SiO₂氧化层阻断复合填料间自由电子的移动, SiC@SiO₂/BN/PI复合材料的电气绝缘性能下降幅度减小。     

二氧化钛对PP/SPTW复合材料性能的影响

目的研究不同质量分数的二氧化钛(TiO_2)对聚丙烯/六钛酸钾晶须复合材料力学性能的影响,并找出TiO_2的最佳质量分数。方法首先采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性二氧化钛和六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW),然后将改性过的二氧化钛与改性过的六钛酸钾晶须、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)、聚丙烯(PP)通过熔融共混法制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW/TiO_2复合材料。结果比较了不同含量二氧化钛对聚丙烯/钛酸钾晶须复合材料性能的影响。研究表明,二氧化钛能够明显改善复合材料的力学性能,随着二氧化钛含量的递增,复合材料的力学性能总体呈先增加后降低的趋势。当二氧化钛质量分数为1%时,复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别增大了35.2%,41.2%和33.7%。随着TiO_2质量分数的继续增加,复合材料的弯曲强度逐渐开始下降,拉伸强度和冲击强度在其质量分数超过2%时逐渐开始减小。结论当TiO_2质量分数约为2%时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳。     

Characterization of metal-matrix composites fabricated by vacuum infiltration of a liquid metal under an inert gas pressure

Silicon carbide whisker-reinforced aluminium was fabricated by vacuum infiltration of liquid aluminium into a porous whisker preform under an argon gas pressure, using an infiltration temperature of 665 °C. The volume fraction of whiskers ranged from 11% to 37%. No whisker pull-out was observed on the fracture surface for an infiltration temperature of 665 °C, but some whisker pull-out was observed for an infiltration temperature of 720 °C. Both the tensile strength and ductility decreased with increasing infiltration temperature above 665 °C. Tensile test results from room temperature to 300 °C are reported. They showed that the quality of these composites was comparable to that of composites made by powder metallurgy or squeeze casting. The coefficient of thermal expansion at 100–150 °C was decreased by 45% by the addition of 37 vol % whiskers.     

Creep behavior and manufacturing parameters of wood flour filled polypropylene composites

The influence of wood flour content, coupling agent and stress loading level on the creep behavior of wood flour–polypropylene composites was investigated. Maleated polypropylene (MAPP; Epolene G-3003™) was used as the coupling agent to treat the wood flour used as reinforcing filler for polypropylene composite. The tensile strength and modulus of various wood flour–polypropylene composites (WPCs), manufactured using the melt blending, extrusion, and palletizing methods, were measured before performing the creep test. The residual tensile strength, creep strain, and fractional deflection of the resultant wood flour–polypropylene composites were measured by means of the creep test. It was shown that the tensile strength decreased with increasing wood flour level in the composites. The creep strain also decreased as the wood flour level increased. The presence of the coupling agent increased the tensile strength of the wood flour–polypropylene composites, compared with the specimens made of pure polypropylene. For those composites containing the coupling agent, the creep deflection was significantly lower than those made without any coupling agent. The creep strains of the WPC specimens observed during the creep test fitted perfectly with the four-element burger creep model. Further investigation is required of the effects of combined mechanical and environmental loading in varying proportions.     

硼酸铝晶须/双马来酰亚胺树脂摩擦磨损性能

研究了不同偶联剂及硼酸铝晶须添加量对硼酸铝晶须/双马来酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果发现,硼酸铝晶须能有效地提高复合材料的耐磨性,晶须的加入使材料的磨损率明显降低;偶联剂对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响不明显;体系中添加硼酸铝晶须后随摩擦时间的延长复合材料的摩擦系数呈增大趋势。当晶须含量较小时摩擦机制主要是轻微的粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,当晶须含量大于8%时,疲劳磨损占主导地位,同时伴有粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。      

增强体含量对SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料强韧性的影响

采用流延-化学气相渗透(TC-CVI)工艺制备SiC晶须(SiC_W)/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料,研究了SiC_W含量对层状陶瓷复合材料力学性能和微观结构的影响,探讨了SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料的强韧化机制。结果表明:TC-CVI工艺能够有效提高复合材料中晶须含量(40vol%),减少制备过程对晶须损伤,所制备的SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料具有合适的层内及层间界面结合强度。随着SiC_W含量增加,层状陶瓷复合材料的密度和力学性能均有明显提高。含40vol%晶须的SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料的密度、弯曲强度和断裂韧性均比含25vol%晶须的分别提高了8.4%、30.8%和26.7%。断口形貌中能够观察到层间及层内的裂纹偏转,层内的裂纹桥接和晶须拔出等,这些为主要的增韧机制。高含量SiC_W及合适的层间和层内界面结合强度,对提高SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料强韧性有明显作用。     

CaSO4晶须在PVC复合体系中的应用研究

用红外分光光度计、X射线粉末衍射仪和光学显微镜对CaSO4晶须A、B和C进行结构表征和形貌观察。结果表明,晶须A、B和C的长径比为5.2、9.1和3.3,经改性的晶须B晶体结构规整,缺陷最少。分别制备了以3种晶须为补强材料的PVC复合体系,讨论了晶须结构对CaSO4晶须/PVC复合体系的力学性能、绝缘电阻和200℃静态热稳定时间的影响。用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和热重分析仪分析了晶须在复合体系中的分散形态和体系的热稳定性。研究发现,长晶须A和B对复合材料的增强增韧和热稳定作用好于短晶须C、CaCO3和气相法白炭黑。经改性的晶须B与PVC树脂有良好的相容性和界面结构,体系的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和热稳定时间分别达到了23.20MPa、380.85%和95min,可以看出,长径比大,结晶性良好,且经过改性的CaSO4晶须能明显提高复合体系的综合性能。     

SMC晶须增强高密度聚乙烯复合材料的拉伸性能

采用一种新型SMC晶须纤维增强HDPE制备出SH复合材料,并运用扫描电镜(SEM)、动态机械力学分析(DMA)等方法对复合材料的拉伸性能进行了研究,并在此基础上进一步研究了材料在高温下的长期拉伸蠕变性能。结果表明:与纯HDPE相比,随着晶须含量的增加,SH复合材料的拉伸强度、模量有大幅的提高,这些改善归因于晶须纤维与基体材料之间良好的兼容性及两者之间的界面强度增强;晶须对HDPE增强的同时还提高了SH复合材料的长期耐蠕变性能,随着晶须含量的增加,复合材料表现出更多的线性力学性能。     

长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的研究

选用无碱玻璃纤维 ,采用特殊方法使长纤维与基体聚丙烯树脂有序复合 ,制备了一系列不同纤维长度、含量以及采用不同表面处理的玻纤 /PP复合材料 ,并测定了材料的力学性能 ,通过SEM观察了复合体系的界面 ,从微观上验证了材料力学性能的变化规律。实验表明 ,所采用的复合材料制备方法可使纤维的排布更加有序 ,并可改进材料的力学性能。     

Mechanical properties of a zircon matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide whiskers and filaments

The influence of a silicon carbide whisker reinforcement on room temperature mechanical properties of a monolithic zircon ceramic and zircon composites uniaxially reinforced with silicon carbide monofilaments was studied in a flexure mode. The strength of a monolithic zircon was increased by the addition of whisker reinforcement, but the composite failure was still brittle in nature. In contrast, zircon composites reinforced with SiC whiskers and filaments showed toughened composite-like behaviour and produced higher first matrix cracking strength and toughness than the composites reinforced with only SiC filaments. In addition, the whisker reinforcement had insignificant influence on the ultimate strength of filament-reinforced composites. These results were related to changes in measured fibre-matrix interfacial properties, which indicated that composites with high first matrix cracking strength and toughness can be designed and fabricated via independently tailoring the matrix and the fibre-matrix interfacial properties.