家用燃气热水器与电热水器运行费用的分析与探讨

通过试验和计算,对家用燃气热水器与电热水器运行费用进行了分析与探讨,作者认为综合考虑的结果是燃气热水器优于电热水器。     

燃气热水器与电热水器运行费用的比较

以上海地区能源价格、气温和用户日常使用热水量为准，以某电热水器和一般燃气热水器为比较对象，进行了一系列性能试验，结果表明，电热水器运行费用比燃气热水器高约16%，如考虑电热水器的保温，则高约96%。     

高校学生宿舍热水节能改造的实践与探讨

浙江大学竺可桢国际教育学院大楼为6层宿舍(共459床),1层为学生食堂。其热水系统热源最初采用学校集中锅炉房的高温管网蒸汽,锅炉停用后改为电热水器。电热水器运行期间热水制备成本高,不符合国家的节能政策。浙江省将空气源热泵热水系统列为可再生能源,根据项目所在区域的情况及大楼本身条件,参考相关规范、图集,对大楼热水系统进行节能改造,将热源改为空气源热泵热水系统。系统稳定运行一年后得到耗电量等运行参数,以一整年为一个工作周期,对比一个周期内电热水器系统和空气源热泵热水系统的运行情况,证实了空气源热泵热水系统的节能优势,为同类型项目的节能改造提供切实参考。     

帅康电热水器荣膺“全球节能创新产品”大奖

哥本哈根会议之后,节能低碳正从国家政策转变为社会共识。在全球“低碳经济”大潮的冲击下,中国电热水器市场处于行业升级的关键阶段,传统安全技术基本成熟,但绿色经济的消费趋势又对电热水器提出节能环保的新要求。谁来主导新时代背景下的行业升级？9月13日,国际节能环保协会“全球节能创新产品”颁奖典礼在北京隆重举行,知名品牌帅康电热水器荣膺此项殊荣,这也是电热水器行业首次获得“全球节能创新产品”大奖。     

空气-太阳能-电能复合热源热泵型冷热水机组

研制了一种集空气源热泵、太阳能热水器和电热水器于一体的冷热水机组,可根据地理和气象条件从11种运行方案中优选节能方案,实现空调、热水供应和供暖;介绍了机组的构成和工作原理。该机组可减少换热环节和融霜次数,利用循环水显热蓄热,太阳能集热效率和系统供热效率较高,初投资和运行费用低于分别采用空气源热泵、太阳能集热器和电热水器的费用。     

住宅用空调器与热水器的能耗分析及节能改进措施

通过对不同能效比空调器的价位及耗电进行分析提出了选用家用空调器的节电方案;通过分析各种热水器的运行成本,提出综合使用电热水器、燃气热水器、太阳能热水器的节能措施。     

空气能热水器湖州地区产业区域发展研究

湖州地区的热水器产业以电热水器为主,特别是长兴地区的即热式电热水器已具一定的规模,在国内也有了一定的影响。在节能减排的大趋势下,空气能热水器作为比太阳能热水器更节能环保的产品,其市场占有率势必越来越大。     

提高空气源热泵热水器性能

随着能源消耗的日益增加,节能降耗成了缓解能源紧张的有效手段之一,作为耗能产品的热水器的节能也日益被人们重视。目前市场上的家用热水器产品主要有燃气热水器、电热水器、太阳能热     

智能建筑节能运行管理模式的优化研究

对于建筑节能,人们最容易想到的是技术层面上采用节能技术实现节能的目的,却往往忽略了管理层面的节能潜力。本文以智能建筑的节能运行管理为对象,对智能建筑节能运行管理模式的优化进行研究。     

砖瓦厂空压机节能方法与途径

介绍了空压机节能运行的方法和途径,它包括:加强节能运行管理,采取无功补偿节能,利用变频调速技术节能等措施,为砖瓦企业空压机安全、高效、可靠运行提供借鉴和参考。     

燃气机热泵在夏热冬冷地区应用的经济性分析

以上海地区某独立的两层结构别墅为对象,考虑了燃气机热泵、电驱动空气源热泵与电热水器及燃气热水器组合3种方案,比较了三者在夏季制冷、冬季供暖、制备生活热水时的全年能耗及运行费用。在生活热水产量相同的情况下,燃气机热泵的能耗和运行费用均低于电驱动空气源热泵与电热水器及燃气热水器组合方案,经济性显著。     

空气源热泵集中热水系统应用于学生公寓的经济性分析

空气源热泵热水系统被誉为"第四代热水系统",应用前景广阔。通过介绍空气源热泵的工作机理,并以重庆某高校8号学生公寓的热水改造系统——空气源热泵热水系统为例,对空气源热泵热水系统的经济性进行研究,并与其他能源设备运行费用进行分析比较,表明空气源热泵热水系统具有较好的节能潜力,为集中热水供应系统设计提供相关参考。     

多种生活热水供热系统技术及经济对比分析

以小区中央热水系统改造为背景,对太阳能集热器+电加热器热水系统、空气源热泵+电加热器热水系统、空气源热泵+板式换热器+电加热器热水系统、水源热泵、地源热泵热水系统等几种热源供热系统进行了对比分析,结果表明利用空气源热泵+板式换热器+电加热器热水系统最节能,与小区原电加热系统相比可以使热水工作费用降低76.8％.     

Evaluation of fuel-switching opportunities in the residential sector

The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of different natural gas and electricity end-use technologies in the residential sector, which compete among themselves in terms of energy consumption and carbon emissions. The analysis of 17 different technology options, which were chosen in order to match the consumption behaviour of a typical Portuguese family, has shown that the use of electric heat pumps, both for space and water-heating, combined with the use of a natural gas cooker, leads to the lowest energy consumption and to the lowest environmental impacts in terms of carbon emissions. Considering only the running costs, this choice is 45% more economic than having a natural gas centralised heating system combined with a gas cooker, and is 60% more economic than having an electric resistance space heater combined with an electric storage water heater and electric cooker, which is the worst case. The life cycle cost (LCC) analysis shows that the economic optimum is reached by the combination of a natural gas water heater with an electric storage space heater, and a natural gas cooker. The cost of conserved carbon (CCC) analysis shows that the combination of an electric heat pump water heater with an electric storage space heater, and a natural gas cooker is the best option in terms of environmental performance.     

燃气热水器为热源的地板辐射供暖系统

介绍了壁挂式燃气热水器的结构及特点,对以壁挂式燃气热水器为热源的地板辐射供暖系统的结构、特点、经济性进行了分析。与燃油锅炉单体建筑物供暖系统、天然气锅炉单体建筑物供暖系统、电供暖系统相比,以壁挂式燃气热水器为热源的地板辐射供暖系统的工程造价最高、年运行费用最低。     

高校学生宿舍热水系统建设模式选择

学生生活热水是校园耗能的重要部分之一,合理选择生活热水系统的热源是节能校园建设的一个关键因素。空气能热水器被称为"第四代热水器",与之前"燃气热水器"、"电热水器"、"太阳能热水器"相比,在各方面均有非常明显的优势。目前高校采用较多的太阳能+空气能热水系统是一种最安全的系统,其建设模式多采用BOT投资模式。     

A novel water heater using injected hydrogen combustion exhaust

With the aim of mitigating the necessity of water storage when using electric heaters and the losses and pollutant emissions produced by natural gas heaters, this article proposes a water heater based on a gas turbine system, fed with hydrogen and oxygen obtained by electrolysis within the same unit.By applying a thermodynamic analysis to the whole process, a global energy efficiency of 100% can be obtained. This high efficiency makes sense because the electrolysis losses occur in the form of heat losses, which can be used by the cold water. Because the potential of the electrolysis increases, the heat generation due to the electrolysis heat losses increases and, although the electrolysis efficiency is reduced, the global energy efficiency of the water heater remains at 100%. However, the increase in the electrolysis potential also reduces the response speed of the heater, because of the switch in both convection and conduction heat transfer. Convection heat transfer takes place when the combustion exhaust is injected directly in the cold water flow, downstream of the turbine, avoiding the losses associated with a heat exchanger and a high-temperature exhaust. The electrolysis heat losses are transferred to the water by conduction through the electrolyser walls.     

以电为能源的各种供暖方式能效对比分析

本文针对以电为能源的供暖方式,以武汉某工程为例进行能效的计算和分析。结果表明,无论是一次能源效率还是效率,电取暖器和电锅炉方式只是热泵方式的1/3左右。虽然热泵方式的一次能源效率较高,且效率是电取暖器和电锅炉方式的3倍左右,但是其效率仍然很低,大体上在20%左右。这是由于消耗的是高品位的电能,而获得的是低品位的热量,二者之间有巨大的能源质量落差。     

Residential water heaters: Energy and cost analysis

A detailed computer model is developed to calculate energy flows for residential electric and gas water heaters. Model equations are derived from applications of the first law of thermodynamics, analysis of manufacturers' literature, and related studies.Several energy-saving changes are examined using the model. Changes for both electric and gas water heaters are: increase jacket insulation thickness, reduce jacket insulation thermal conductivity, reduce thermostat setting, and add insulation to the distribution line. Application of all these changes to an electric water heater would reduce electricity use 17% and increase initial cost 27%. Additional changes examined for gas water heaters are: reduce pilot rate, eliminate and add electric ignitor and flue closure, and reduce excess air for combustion by increasing flue baffling. Implementing all these changes to a gas water heater (except addition of electric ignitor) would reduce gas use 27% and increase initial cost 26%. These results show that there are large opportunities for reducing water heater energy use with only small initial cost increases.