β-偏磷酸钙晶须增强左旋聚乳酸材料的体外降解

对用于骨折内固定的β-偏磷酸钙晶须/左旋聚乳酸(β-CMP_W/PLLA)复合材料在体外降解过程中强度的变化、 分子量和微观形貌进行了初步研究。结果表明: 在人体模拟体液(SBF)中浸泡, 前8周材料的强度变化较小, 25wt%β-CMP_W/75wt%PLLA降解20周后的抗压强度值仍高达103MPa; 45wt%β-CMP_W/55wt%PLLA降解12周后抗压强度约为初始值的88%。扫描电镜图表明, 随降解时间的延长, 因聚乳酸溶解而在样品中形成孔洞。在降解周期内, SBF溶液的pH值随β-CMP_W/PLLA降解时间的延长基本保持稳定。凝胶渗透色谱检测结果表明, PLLA的数均相对分子质量和重均相对分子质量随降解时间的延长而降低, 降解20周后数均相对分子质量约为20万, 重均相对分子质量下降了32%。     

CMPw/PLLA骨折内固定材料的制备及强度性能研究

为了提高骨折内固定材料聚乳酸的力学强度及承载能力,通过玻璃结晶化方法制备得到长径比为30～50的偏磷酸钙晶须(CMPw),将CMPw与左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)复合,制得抗压强度为80MPa,抗弯强度为40MPa,断裂强度达到170MPa的复合材料.探讨了热处理温度、萃取条件、晶须含量、粉体粒径对偏磷酸钙产物形貌和复合材料强度的影响.     

骨折内固定材料的研究进展

传统的骨折内固定材料在临床应用过程中出现了许多亟待解决的问题,如应力遮挡等,这些问题不但与材料的设计有关,而且与所采用的材料有密切关系.在概述骨折内固定材料的发展历史及目前所存在的主要问题的基础上,阐述了骨折内固定材料近些年来的新进展及今后的发展前景.     

南开大学研制出聚乳酸制备骨折固定材料

从廊坊高新技术发布会上获悉，由南开大学承担的“生物可降解骨折内固定螺钉”课题，以国产L-乳酸为原料，制备出了可代替金属材料的骨折内固定螺钉。经过数年的努力，该项目已取得阶段性成果。     

环糊精修饰聚乳酸基材料的亲水性及细胞相容性

采用N-酰化反应,将6-胺基β-环糊精(β-CD-6-E)固载到马来酸酐改性聚乳酸(MPLA)大分子链上,得到新型环糊精改性聚乳酸基生物材料(PLA-β-CD).对材料的亲水性和细胞相容性进行了考察.静态水接触角和吸水率的测定结果表明,膜表面的静态水接触角由改性前的76.7°降低到改性后的72.1°,吸水率由18.3%...     

骨修复用聚磷酸钙/壳聚糖复合材料的合成及其细胞相容性

采用自行设计的悬浮液热分散复合法, 用硬脂酸(Sad)作为致孔剂, 通过复合-沉析-浸溶-漂洗-干燥的工艺制备大孔聚磷酸钙/壳聚糖(CPP/CS)复合材料棒材。将复合悬液滴入凝固液中, 经浸泡-漂洗-干燥的工艺制备CPP/CS微孔复合材料颗粒。用红外光谱及扫描电镜对复合材料进行了表征。实验表明, 合成的复合材料中CS的氨基和CPP的P O基生成了氢键, 其形态结构致密均匀, 大孔复合材料棒材的孔径为50~300μm, 孔隙率为71.13%; 微孔复合材料颗粒的孔径为10~100μm, 孔隙率为40.76%。研究了2种工艺不同配比复合材料的细胞相容性, 发现: 大孔复合材料棒材的细胞相容性比微孔复合材料颗粒好, 复合材料中随着CPP含量的增加, 细胞相容性增加, 当复合材料中CPP和CS的质量比为7/3时, 复合材料的细胞相容性较好。CPP与CS复合可以提高其压缩强度, 原料质量配比为CPP/CS＝7/3时, 复合材料的强度最高。      

β-磷酸三钙/聚左旋乳酸骨折内固定材料的体外降解性能研究

骨折内固定材料是骨修复中不可或缺的重要材料.为了避免二次手术,可降解的骨折内固定材料越来越受到重视.本文采用溶液成膜/热压成型的方法制备了不同比例的β-TCP/PLLA骨折内固定复合材料,将不同比例的复合材料分别浸入SBF中进行体外降解,之后进行GPC、IR、吸水率分析及抗弯、抗压强度的测定,筛选出β-TCP与PLLA的最佳比例.结果表明:降解初期聚乳酸分子量下降较快,3周后下降减缓;降解后,复合材料表面形成了HCA.含20%、30%β-TCP的材料抗弯抗压下降缓慢,而40%的下降较快,初步显示30%为最适的β-磷酸三钙/聚左旋乳酸复合比例.     

碳纤维增强聚乳酸(C/PLA)复合材料的力学性能(Ⅰ)

对新型骨折内固定材料碳纤维增强聚乳酸(C/PLA)复合材料的力学性能进行了评价.重点研究了纤维体积分数(Vf)和硝酸表面处理对C/PLA复合材料力学性能的影响规律.研究表明,随着Vf的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、冲击强度和剪切强度均先增加,达峰值后又减小.硝酸表面处理可明显提高复合材料的界面结合强度,从而使其力学性能明显提高.     

苯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物对聚乳酸/SBS共混物相容性的影响

正湖北工业大学材料与化学工程学院,绿色轻工材料湖北省重点实验室,绿色轻质材料与加工湖北工业大学协同创新中心,武汉430068采用苯乙烯(St)-丙烯酸甲酯(MA)无规共聚物(PSMA)(nSt∶nMA=75∶25)为增容剂,通过双螺杆挤出机将聚乳酸(PLA)与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)三嵌段共聚物熔融共混,研究了PSMA的含量对PLA/SBS共混物(mPLA∶mSBS=90∶10)相容性的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜、万能拉伸试验机、差示扫描量热仪和旋转流变仪对共混物的微观形貌、力学性能、热性能和流变性能进行表征。SEM结果表明,加入1%(质量分数)的PSMA使PLA/SBS共混物中SBS相分散更均匀,界面粘接增强。加入1%(质量分数) PSMA的PLA/SBS共混物的断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别是PLA的7. 1倍和2. 3倍。DSC和流变学结果表明,PSMA的加入增强了PLA和SBS的相容性。     

电纺丝聚乳酸纤维支架的制备及其细胞相容性研究

静电纺丝法制备的聚(D,L-乳酸)超细纤维具有孔隙率高、孔径/结构可调、生物相容性良好等特点,已成为组织工程支架材料研究的热点。探讨了纺丝溶液浓度、流量、电压、干燥方式等影响聚(D,L-乳酸)纤维支架形貌的因素,确定了最佳工艺参数为纺丝溶液浓度为0.20g/mL,流速为0.8mL/h,电压为12kV,经真空冷冻干燥,可获得分布比较均匀,直径大多为500～900nm的聚乳酸纤维。体外细胞形貌观察表明聚(D,L-乳酸)纤维支架具有良好的细胞相容性。     

三聚氰胺改性聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫材料的制备与热性能

采用三聚氰胺对聚乙烯醇进行化学改性,制备了聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫材料(PVFM)。探讨了材料的制备并研究了三聚氰胺用量对材料性能的影响。采用红外光谱、热失重分析法和差示扫描量热法对材料进行了测试表征。当三聚氰胺含量相对于聚乙烯醇为7.5%时,材料的拉伸强度为1.96 MPa,比未改性材料提高两倍多;初始热分解温度为322.5℃,比改性前提高了81.6℃。上述结果表明,三聚氰胺的加入明显改善了PVFM的拉伸强度和耐热性。     

The fracture energy of metal fibre reinforced ceramic composites (MFCs)

A model is presented for prediction of the fracture energy of ceramic-matrix composites containing dispersed metallic fibres. It is assumed that the work of fracture comes entirely from pull-out and/or plastic deformation of fibres bridging the crack plane. Comparisons are presented between these predictions and experimental measurements made on a commercially-available composite material of this type, containing stainless steel (304) fibres in a matrix predominantly comprising alumina and alumino-silicate phases. Good agreement is observed, and it’s noted that there is scope for the fracture energy levels to be high (∼20 kJ m⁻²). Higher toughness levels are both predicted and observed for coarser fibres, up to a practical limit for the fibre diameter of the order of 0.5 mm. Other deductions are also made concerning strategies for optimisation of the toughness of this type of material.     

聚乙烯醇/玉米秸秆微晶纤维素复合膜的制备与性能

采用玉米秸秆微晶纤维素(CSCMC)作为增强剂,生物可降解材料聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为基体,制备了PVA/CSCMC复合膜材料,并对复合膜的结构、热稳定性能、力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,玉米秸秆微晶纤维素可增强复合膜材料的热稳定性能和力学性能。当CSCMC的质量分数为10%时增强效果最佳,与纯的PVA膜相比,复合膜的起始分解温度和最大重量损失率温度分别提高了19.25℃和17.17℃,拉伸强度提高了37.91%,断裂伸长率提高了58.93%。     

Influence of femtolaser notch sharpening technique in the determination of essential work of fracture (EWF) parameters

The fracture behaviour of a 0.5 mm thick ethylene-propylene block copolymer is analyzed using the essential work of fracture method, using DENT-type specimens. The influence of three experimental parameters in the technique is evaluated: the effect of the notch sharpening technique, the use of a videoextensometer for monitoring the deformations and the measurement of ligament lengths before or after fracture tests were carried on.The results showed that the femtosecond pulsed laser ablation technique (femtolaser) produced sharp notches with no plastic deformation ahead of the notch tip, which yield smaller specific essential work of fracture (w_e) values than in the cases where the notches were sharpened with razor blades. The use of a videoextensometer has allowed removing the viscoelastic energy from the plastic work, with lower values of βw_p. The measurement of the ligament lengths before or after the test did not affect the results.     

Effects of void damage induced by warm prestressing (WPS) on cleavage fracture of notched steel specimens

The effects of void damage induced by warm prestressing (WPS) on cleavage fracture of notched steel specimens were studied by experiments and FEM calculations. The results show that the local stress concentration around the voids promotes the cleavage initiation and decreases the notch toughness and cleavage fracture stress. The fibrous cracks ahead of notch tips caused by the ductile tearing in the WPS obviously raise the normal stress in front of their tips and decrease fracture load and notch toughness. When the beneficial effects of WPS on improving apparent fracture toughness for specimens or structures are used, the loads in WPS need to be limited so that no obvious void damage and ductile tearing are produced in front of defects.     

Improvement of microstructure and properties of air-cooled 46MnVS5 forging steel rod for fracture splitting connecting by thermomechanical control process (TMCP) and by niobium micro alloying

Microstructure control and properties of air-cooled high-strength 46MnVS5 forging steel rod for fracture splitting connecting were systematically investigated by quantitative metallographic analysis, thermomechanical simulation and industrial trials etc. The results indicate that the critical cooling rate for bainite transformation in the steel is about 1.5 °C/s–2 °C/s during continuous cooling. Cooling parameters are optimized in two sections. That is, the specimen is firstly cooled to 750 °C at a rate of 4 °C/s, then continuously cooled to 570 °C at 1 °C/s, 1.5 °C/s. Addition of 0.024 wt.% niobium improves the fracture splitting performance by 10 %–20 % reduction of decarburization sensitivity. Finally, the optimized parameters for the niobium micro alloyed steel in the laboratory were successfully applied to produce the connecting rod with excellent fracture splitting performance on the traditional production line.     

不同蒙脱土对Al(OH)_3/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯复合材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响

对比研究了钙基蒙脱土(Ca-MMT)和有机改性的钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)对Al(OH)_3/乙烯一醋酸乙烯醋(EVA)复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响。采用熔融插层法制备MMT-Al(OH)_3/EVA复合材料。用XRD和TEM进行微观结构表征。结果表明:两种MMT在复合材料中均表现为一定程度的剥离分散状态,其中Ca-MMT的剥离片层相对尺寸更小。测试显示,Ca-MMT-Al(OH)_3/EVA的拉伸强度、热稳定性均高于Na-MMT-Al(OH)3/EVA;在燃烧过程中,加入Ca-MMT的Ca-MMT-Al(OH)_3/EVA复合材料热释放更低,形成的炭层隔热效果更好,表现出更优异的阻燃性能;同时火灾性能指数(FPI)提高,火灾危险性明显降低。分析原因是Ca-MMT中的Ca~(2+)在燃烧成炭中具有促进作用。     

Effect of aluminum trihydroxide on flame retardancy and dynamic mechanical and tensile properties of kenaf/poly(lactic acid) green composites

In this work, the effect of aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) on the flame retardancy and dynamic mechanical and tensile properties of kenaf/poly(lactic acid) green composites was explored. Prior to composite fabrication, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) pellets filled with ATH powder at different loadings (0, 10, 20, 30, and 50?wt.%) were processed by using a twin-screw extrusion technique. The green composites were fabricated using the pellets and chopped kenaf fibers by a compression molding method. The kenaf fibers were used as primary reinforcement, and the contents were fixed to 40?wt.% of the total, and the average fiber length was 3?mm long. It was noticeable that the flame retardancy of kenaf/PLA green composite with ATH was improved by 66%, and the storage modulus and tensile modulus were enhanced by 136 and 59%, respectively, compared with the kenaf/PLA counterpart without ATH. It was concluded that the ATH incorporated into PLA by extrusion technique played a significant role not only as flame-retardant but also as secondary reinforcement of kenaf/PLA green composites.     

A Poly(Propyleneimine) Dendrimer‐Based Polyplex‐System for Single‐Chain Antibody‐Mediated Targeted Delivery and Cellular Uptake of SiRNA

Therapeutics based on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) offer a great potential to treat so far incurable diseases or metastatic cancer. However, the broad application of siRNAs using various nonviral carrier systems is hampered by unspecific toxic side effects, poor pharmacokinetics due to unwanted delivery of siRNA‐loaded nanoparticles into nontarget organs, or rapid renal excretion. In order to overcome these obstacles, several targeting strategies using chemically linked antibodies and ligands have emerged. This study reports a new modular polyplex carrier system for targeted delivery of siRNA, which is based on transfection‐disabled maltose‐modified poly(propyleneimine)‐dendrimers (mal‐PPI) bioconjugated to single chain fragment variables (scFvs). To achieve targeted delivery into tumor cells expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), monobiotinylated anti‐EGFRvIII scFv fused to a Propionibacterium shermanii transcarboxylase‐derived biotinylation acceptor (P‐BAP) is bioconjugated to mal‐PPI through a novel coupling strategy solely based on biotin–neutravidin bridging. In contrast to polyplexes containing an unspecific control scFv‐P‐BAP, the generated EGFRvIII‐specific polyplexes are able to exclusively deliver siRNA to tumor cells and tumors by receptor‐mediated endocytosis. These results suggest that receptor‐mediated uptake of otherwise noninternalized mal‐PPI‐based polyplexes is a promising avenue to improve siRNA therapy of cancer, and introduce a novel strategy for modular bioconjugation of protein ligands to nanoparticles.