秸秆纤维增强干混砂浆的制备与性能表征

在普通干混砂浆中掺加秸秆纤维,获得秸秆纤维增强干混砂浆,对其物理力学性能、热学性能、收缩性能等进行研究。结果表明:随着秸秆纤维含量的增加,砂浆试样硬化后的物理力学性能有显著的提高,尤其是抗折强度,秸秆纤维占胶凝材料质量0.2%时,28 d抗折强度增加到8.5 MPa,拉伸粘接强度增加至0.82 MPa,收缩率降低至0.07%,导热系数降低至1.21 W/(m·K),吸水率增加了0.02%。     

木质素纤维增强干混砂浆的制备与性能表征

在普通干混砂浆中掺加木质素纤维,获得木质素纤维增强干混砂浆,对其物理力学性能、热学性能以及收缩性能等进行研究。结果表明:随着木质素纤维含量的增加,砂浆试样硬化后的物理力学性能有显著的提高,尤其是抗折强度,木质素纤维占胶凝材料质量0.26%时,28 d抗折强度增加为7.5 MPa,拉伸粘接强度增加至0.8 MPa,收缩率降低至0.07%,导热系数降低至1.41 W/(m·K),吸水率增加了0.02%。     

玄武岩纤维掺量对页岩陶粒混凝土性能的影响

为研究玄武岩纤维掺量对轻质陶粒混凝土性能的影响,制备了4种不同纤维掺量的陶粒混凝土试件,测试了不同龄期试件的抗压强度、抗折强度和表观密度。结果表明:陶粒混凝土立方体试件抗压强度随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增大先增加后降低;陶粒混凝土表观密度随着纤维掺量的增大而逐渐降低,但不显著;陶粒混凝试件抗折强度随纤维掺量增大不断提高。     

聚丙烯-玄武岩混杂纤维对陶粒混凝土力学性能的影响

对掺加聚丙烯-玄武岩混杂纤维的陶粒混凝土进行了抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度试验,得到了混杂纤维对陶粒混凝土力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:混杂纤维掺量为0.2%时,陶粒混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度提升幅度最大,分别较基准组提高了11.21%、30.73%、15.26%,但掺量过大时陶粒混凝土的力学性能会下降,甚至出现负效应;聚丙烯纤维与玄武岩纤维的混杂比为2∶1时,其对陶粒混凝土的增强效果较好;混杂纤维能增强陶粒混凝土的韧性,对抗折强度和抗拉强度提升效果明显,对抗压强度提升效果较小。     

钢结构装配式住宅用陶粒混凝土轻质板材力学性能研究

针对钢结构装配式住宅使用的陶粒混凝土轻质板材存在开裂,抗折强度偏低的问题,采用正交试验设计方法研究了水胶比、陶粒、粉煤灰和聚炳烯纤维四个不同的因素对陶粒混凝土板材力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,纤维的掺量是影响陶粒混凝土板材力学性能的最主要因素,纤维掺入后有效的提高了陶粒混凝土板材的抗折强度和抗压强度,陶粒混凝土板材的最优试验方案为水胶比为0.35,粉煤灰掺量为30%,陶粒和聚丙烯纤维掺量分别为530 kgm3和0.5 kgm3,满足了工程要求。     

稻草纤维混凝土物理力学性能试验研究

对同一混凝土配合比,不同形状和不同掺入量的稻草纤维混凝土进行了物理力学性能试验。结果表明,同一混凝土配合比下,随着稻草纤维掺量的增加,不同形状稻草纤维混凝土的物理力学性能会有所影响,抗压、劈裂抗拉及抗折强度会有所降低,但稻草纤维的掺入不仅能改善混凝土的韧性,也可提高混凝土的抗冲击性能。     

纤维增强碱矿渣轻骨料混凝土宏细观力学性能

对碱矿渣轻骨料混凝土（AAS-LWAC）的宏观力学性能及微观结构特征进行了研究。设计并完成了54个AAS-LWAC试件,研究了轻骨料种类及纤维类别对AAS-LWAC抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度及抗折强度影响规律,分析了微观结构对宏观力学性能影响。研究结果表明：相比页岩陶粒及黏土陶粒,以粉煤灰陶粒为粗骨料的AAS-LWAC整体力学性能更优;相比聚丙烯纤维及玄武岩纤维,掺入钢纤维可显著提高AAS-LWAC基本力学性能。相比未掺纤维混凝土,钢纤维掺量0.6%时AAS-LWAC抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度及抗折强度分别提高35%、59%及42%。微观分析结果显示：玄武岩纤维相比聚丙烯纤维分散性差是导致玄武岩纤维碱矿渣轻骨料混凝土力学性能劣于聚丙烯纤维碱矿渣轻骨料混凝土的根本原因。     

轻骨料预湿程度对混合骨料混凝土力学性能的影响

研究了用不同预湿程度的页岩陶粒与碎石以体积比1：1混合配制的混合骨料混凝土拌合物性能和力学性能.结果表明,随着陶粒预湿时间的延长,混合骨料混凝土拌合物坍落度经时损失逐渐减小,7d抗压强度逐渐降低,劈拉强度与抗折强度在轻骨料预湿时间小于1h时略有增加.28d抗压强度、劈拉强度、抗折强度和弹性模量都逐渐增加.用预湿1h的陶粒配制的混合骨料混凝土7d与28d的拉压比和折压比与轻骨料混凝土相比几乎没有降低,其弹性模量比同条件的轻骨料混凝土高32.9%,比强度高10.5%.     

脱硫石膏-棉花秸秆纤维复合墙体材料制备及性能

以棉花秸秆纤维作为脱硫石膏的增强材料,研究不同棉花秸秆纤维掺量、碱处理浓度对脱硫石膏-棉花秸秆纤维复合墙体材料物理力学性能及保温性能的影响。结果表明,棉花秸秆纤维掺量3%的试样强度较高,抗折和抗压强度分别较空白样提高35.2%和7.0%。棉花秸秆纤维经碱溶液处理后,与脱硫石膏之间胶结能力增强,有利于提高脱硫石膏-棉花秸秆纤维复合墙体材料的物理力学性能,采用8%碱溶液处理的试样抗折和抗压强度分别可增至9.0、16.6 MPa。掺加棉花秸秆纤维能够增加脱硫石膏基复合墙体材料孔隙率,导热系数最低可降至0.105 W(/m.K),保温性能得到提高。     

聚合物胶粉和玄武岩纤维改性混凝土力学及抗裂性能研究

研究了聚合物胶粉和玄武岩纤维对混凝土力学性能、抗裂性能和抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明:单掺聚合物胶粉对混凝土的抗压、抗折强度有一定负面影响,随着聚合物胶粉掺量的增加,混凝土的抗压强度逐渐降低,抗折强度先降低后趋于平缓;单掺玄武岩纤维对混凝土的抗压、抗折性能影响较小;复掺聚合物胶粉和玄武岩纤维时,聚合物胶粉对混凝土强度的影响大于玄武岩纤维;复掺10%聚合物胶粉+2.0 kg/m^(3)玄武岩纤维时,混凝土的折压比和抗冲击性能达到最大,裂缝降低系数为0.93,限裂效能等级达到一级,有效降低了混凝土的开裂风险。     

Fresh and hardened properties of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete containing fly ash and rice husk ash: Influence of fiber type and content

Although fibers are used only infrequently as an additive in concrete in the construction industry, fiber-enhanced concrete is known to provide a wide range of advantages over conventional concrete. The main objective of this study was to investigate the influences of fiber type and content on the mechanical properties and durability of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) designed using a novel densified mixture design algorithm with fly ash and rice husk ash. Three types of fiber, including polypropylene (PP) fiber, steel fiber (SF), and hybrid fiber (HF), were considered. Based on the results, the inclusion of fibers decreased HPFRC flowability, regardless of fiber type. Although the compressive strength of HPFRC with 1.6% PP fiber content was 11.2% below that of the reference HPFRC specimen at 91 d of curing age, the 91-d compressive strengths of both SF and HF-enhanced HPFRC specimens were significantly better than that of the reference HPFRC specimen. Furthermore, the HPFRC specimens incorporating SF and HF both exhibited better splitting tensile and flexural strengths as well as less drying shrinkage than the HPFRC specimens incorporating PP fiber. However, the fiber-enhanced specimens, especially those with added SF, registered less surface electrical resistivity and greater vulnerability to chloride ion penetration than the reference HPFRC specimen.     

Silica fume admixture effect on the dynamic properties of concrete

The construction of concrete structures using silica fume (SF) additions is a common practice because it is well known that this pozzolanic material improves the compressive strength of concrete, among many other mechanical and physical properties. The response of a structure under dynamic actions is highly determined by the dynamic mechanical properties of its building material. In this work, it has been studied the influence of SF additions in quantities ranging from 0% to 15% of cement mass on the dynamic and static mechanical properties of concrete, such as: resonant frequencies, dynamic and static modulus of elasticity, damping ratio, compressive strength and flexural strength. The results prove that SF additions or replacements reduce both the dynamic modulus of elasticity and damping ratio of concrete. The dynamic elastic properties of concrete, with and without SF, present higher values than their static counterparts. These differences are smaller in concretes containing SF.     

超高强水泥基复合材料力学及收缩性能研究

选取钢纤维和玄武岩纤维进行试验,研究了两种纤维掺量以及硅灰掺量对超高强水泥基复合材料抗压抗折强度、疲劳性能以及体积收缩率的影响。结果表明,纤维和硅灰的加入能有效改善水泥基材料的力学及收缩性能,钢纤维对水泥基材料强度提升较大,但玄武岩纤维表现出与材料更好的相容性,1.5%钢纤维、0.1%玄武岩纤维改善效果最明显,抗折、抗压强度分别提高了12.6%、3.0%和21.2%、2.7%,体积收缩率降低了12.2%、5.4%,且1.5%钢纤维的疲劳寿命是不掺纤维的近4倍,最大跨中挠度曲线呈现明显的阶段性特征;8%硅灰改善效果最大,抗折、抗压强度分别提高了13.3%、10.4%,体积收缩率降低了28.8%。     

Experimental study on mechanical properties of a novel micro-steel fiber reinforced magnesium phosphate cement-based concrete

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) received increased attention in recent years, but MPC-based concrete is rarely reported. The micro-steel fibers (MSF) were added to MPC-based concrete to enhance its ductility due to the high brittleness in tensile and flexural strength properties of MPC. This paper investigates the effect of MSF volume fraction on the mechanical properties of a new pattern of MPC-based concrete. The temperature development curve, fluidity, cubic compressive strength, modulus of elastic, axial compressive strength, and four-point flexural strength were experimentally studied with 192 specimens, and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test was carried out after the specimens were failed. Based on the test results, the correlations between the cubic compressive strength and curing age, the axial and cubic compressive strength of MPC-based concrete were proposed. The results showed that with the increase of MSF volume fraction, the fluidity of fresh MPC-based concrete decreased gradually. MSF had no apparent influence on the compressive strength, while it enhanced the four-point flexural strength of MPC-based concrete. The four-point flexural strength of specimens with MSF volume fraction from 0.25% to 0.75% were 12.3%, 21.1%, 24.6% higher than that of the specimens without MSF, respectively.     

纤维对自密实活性粉末混凝土强度的影响

研究了不同掺量钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维对自密实活性粉末混凝土(RPC)力学性能的影响.结果表明:钢纤维的掺入提高了自密实RPC的抗压和抗折强度,尤其对抗折强度的提高非常明显,7 d抗折强度最大可提高95%,28 d抗折强度最大可提高73%;聚丙烯纤维可以提高自密实RPC 7 d抗折强度,最大可提高13%,但对抗压强度以及28 d抗折强度却起削弱作用;混杂纤维主要能提高自密实RPC的7 d抗折强度,最大可提高82%;纤维的掺加大都能降低自密实RPC的压折比,并提高其峰值荷载变形和断裂变形.     

Properties of cement kiln dust concrete

This paper reports results of a study conducted to assess the properties of cement kiln dust (CKD) blended cement concretes. Cement concrete specimens were prepared with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% CKD, replacing ASTM C 150 Type I and Type V. The mechanical properties of CKD concrete specimens were evaluated by measuring compressive strength and drying shrinkage while the durability characteristics were assessed by evaluating chloride permeability and electrical resistivity. The compressive strength of concrete specimens decreased with the quantity of CKD. However, there was no significant difference in the compressive strength of 0 and 5% CKD cement concretes. A similar trend was noted in the drying shrinkage strain. The chloride permeability increased and the electrical resistivity decreased due to the incorporation of CKD. The performance of concrete with 5% CKD was almost similar to that of concrete without CKD. Therefore, it is suggested to limit the amount of CKD in concrete to 5% since the chloride permeability and electrical resistivity data indicated that the chances of reinforcement corrosion would increase with 10% and 15% CKD.     

Effect of elevated temperature on the mechanical properties of concrete produced with finely ground pumice and silica fume

This study investigated the effect of elevated temperature on the mechanical and physical properties of concrete specimens obtained by substituting cement with finely ground pumice (FGP) at proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight. To determine the effect of silica fume (SF) additive on the mechanical and physical properties of concrete containing FGP, SF has been added to all series except for the control specimen, which contained 10% cement by weight instead. The specimens were heated in an electric furnace up to 400, 600 and 800 °C and kept at these temperatures for one hour. After the specimens were cooled in the furnace, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), compressive strength and weight loss values were determined. The results demonstrated that adding the mineral admixtures to concrete decreased both unit weight and compressive strength. Additionally, elevating the temperature above 600 °C affected the compressive strength such that the weight loss of concrete was more pronounced for concrete mixtures containing both FGP and SF. These results were also supported by scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies.     

Properties of steel fiber reinforced fly ash concrete

This paper reports on a comprehensive study on the properties of concrete containing fly ash and steel fibers. Properties studied include unit weight and workability of fresh concrete, and compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, elasticity modulus, sorptivity coefficient, drying shrinkage and freeze–thaw resistance of hardened concrete. Fly ash content used was 0%, 15% and 30% in mass basis, and fiber volume fraction was 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% in volume basis. The laboratory results showed that steel fiber addition, either into Portland cement concrete or fly ash concrete, improve the tensile strength properties, drying shrinkage and freeze–thaw resistance. However, it reduced workability and increase sorptivity coefficient. Although fly ash replacement reduce strength properties, it improves workability, reduces drying shrinkage and increases freeze–thaw resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete. The performed experiments show that the behaviour of fly ash concrete is similar to that of Portland cement concrete when fly ash is added.