Finite-time path following control for a stratospheric airship with input saturation and error constraint

This paper addresses the finite-time path following control problem for an under-actuated stratospheric airship with input saturation, error constraint, and external disturbances. To handle the adverse effect of input saturation, anti-windup compensators are employed and finite-time convergence of the saturated control solution is established. Error constraints of airship position and attitude are handled by incorporating a tan-type barrier Lyapunov function (TBLF) in guidance and attitude control schemes. Backstepping design is presented with the anti-windup compensators, the TBLF, and nonlinear disturbance observers which estimate the external disturbances. Stability analysis shows that the tracking errors of the airship position converge into a small set around zero within finite-time, the constrained requirements on the airship position and attitude are not violated during operation, and all closed-loop signals are guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Compared with the conventional control scheme, simulation results illustrate that the proposed finite-time controller offers a faster convergence rate and a higher path following accuracy for the stratospheric airship.     

Robust adaptive tracking control for a class of mechanical systems with unknown disturbances under actuator saturation

A robust adaptive tracking control scheme is presented for a class of multiple‐input and multiple‐output mechanical systems with unknown disturbances under actuator saturation. The unknown disturbances are expressed as the outputs of a linear exogenous system with unknown coefficient matrices. An adaptive disturbance observer is constructed for the online disturbance estimation. An actuator saturation compensator is introduced to attenuate the adverse effects of actuator saturation. The adaptive backstepping method is then applied to design the robust adaptive tracking control law. It is proved that the designed control law makes the system outputs track the desired trajectories and guarantees the global uniform ultimate stability of the closed‐loop control system. Simulations on a two‐link robotic manipulator verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

带执行器饱和的柔性关节机器人位置反馈动态面控制

针对带有执行器饱和的柔性关节机器人系统,提出一种位置反馈动态面控制,以实现机器人连杆的角位置跟踪.在一般动态面控制的设计框架下,设计观测器重构系统未知速度状态,利用径向基函数神经网络学习饱和非线性特性,结合“最小参数学习”算法减轻计算负担.通过Lyapunov方法证明得出闭环系统所有信号半全局一致有界,跟踪误差可以通过调节控制器参数达到任意小.仿真结果表明,控制系统能够克服外界干扰,有效补偿系统存在的执行器饱和,实现柔性关节机器人的准确跟踪控制.该方法避免了传统反演设计存在的“微分爆炸”现象,简化了设计过程.     

平流层飞艇轨迹跟踪控制设计

基于轨迹线性化控制（TLC）理论提出了一种全驱动平流层飞艇轨迹跟踪控制设计的新方法.该方法由期望姿态生成、运动学控制和动力学控制3部分组成.首先利用期望轨迹的Frenet标架构造期望的艇体坐标系,导出期望姿态的计算公式;然后将系统运动学部分按照移动和转动分解,动力学部分按纵向与横向分解,将整个系统划分为4个回路,并分别用TLC理论进行控制设计,避免了设计时对全系统求逆的困难;最后给出了控制方法的计算步骤和平流层飞艇跟踪典型轨迹的仿真结果,结果验证了所提出方法的可行性.     

Fault-tolerant control of delta operator systems with actuator saturation and effectiveness loss

This paper studies the problem of robust fault-tolerant control against the actuator effectiveness loss for delta operator systems with actuator saturation. Ellipsoids are used to estimate the domain of attraction for the delta operator systems with actuator saturation and effectiveness loss. Some invariance set conditions used for enlarging the domain of attraction are expressed by linear matrix inequalities. Discussions on system performance optimisation are presented in this paper, including reduction on computational complexity, expansion of the domain of attraction and disturbance rejection. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed techniques.     

欠驱动飞艇三维路径跟踪控制

针对欠驱动飞艇的路径跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于制导向量场的三维路径跟踪控制方法.首先,引入向量场理论.接着基于牛顿–欧拉方程建立欠驱动飞艇动力学模型.基于所提模型和向量场理论构造制导向量场以获得期望姿态角和期望速度.然后结合反步法和PD控制设计路径跟踪控制器,用指令滤波器对控制器设计过程中虚拟控制的导数进行估计,避免了复杂的解析计算.所设计的控制器是由制导向量场子系统、姿态稳定环和速度跟踪环组成的内外环结构.稳定性分析证明了飞艇的路径跟踪误差最终一致有界.最后仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

考虑执行机构饱和的轧机速度鲁棒控制

针对具有执行机构饱和特性和有界干扰的轧机速度被控对象,给出了闭环系统满足不变性及L2干扰抑制性能的充分条件,然后基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法设计了直流电机驱动的轧机速度系统状态反馈鲁棒控制器.仿真结果表明,所设计的轧机速度鲁棒控制系统跟踪误差随着饱和度λ的增大而增大.为保证系统具有优良的跟踪性能,通常选取较小的λ.所设计的状态反馈鲁棒控制系统具有较好的干扰抑制性能和鲁棒稳定性,对时变复合信号也能获得有效跟踪.     

Robust adaptive path-following control of underactuated marine vessel with off-track error constraint

In this paper, a new robust adaptive controller is investigated to force an underactuated surface marine vessel to follow a predefined parameterised path at a desired speed, despite actuator saturation and the presence of model uncertainties as well as environmental disturbances induced by waves, wind and sea-currents. To ensure robustness of the path-following controller, time-varying constraint on the off-track error (i.e. the maximal distance from the ship to the reference path) is considered. To address the off-track error constraint the tan-barrier Lyapunov function is incorporated with the control scheme, where the idea of auxiliary design system introduced in Chen, Sam, and Ren (2011) is adopted and its states are used in combination with backstepping and Lyapunov synthesis to adaptive tracking control design with guaranteed stability. Furthermore, the command filters are adopted to implement physical constraints on the virtual control laws so that analytic differentiation of the virtual control laws is avoided. We show that the proposed robust adaptive control law is able to guarantee semi-global uniform ultimate bounded stability of the closed-loop system. Numerical simulations and experimental results are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Output-feedback control for switched linear systems subject to actuator saturation

This article is devoted to the output-feedback ?_∞ control problem for switched linear systems subject to actuator saturation. We consider both continuous- and discrete-time switched systems. Using the minimal switching rule, nonlinear output feedbacks expressed in the form of quasi-linear parameter varying system are designed to satisfy a pre-specified disturbance attenuation level defined by the regional ?₂ (?₂)-gains over a class of energy-bounded disturbances. The conditions are expressed in bilinear matrix inequalities and can be solved by line search coupled with linear matrix inequalities optimisation. A spherical inverted pendulum example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于自适应扰动观测器的自主船舶协同路径跟踪控制

为实现未知环境扰动下不确定欠驱动自主船舶的协同路径跟踪控制,本文提出了一种基于自适应扰动观测器的鲁棒控制算法.该算法采用径向基函数神经网络(RBFNNs)逼近模型参数不确定,并利用最小学习参数化(MLP)技术对神经网络的权重及逼近误差进行压缩,所设计观测器不需要环境扰动上界的精确信息.进一步,基于代数图论对船间通信进行建模,设计了一种分散式协同控制律,有效地降低了通信负载.凭借Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了闭环系统内信号的有界性,且能通过对设计参数的调节使跟踪误差的收敛界为任意小.最后采用数值仿真试验验证了所提出算法的有效性和优越性.     

Switching event-triggered control of switched systems with actuator saturation

This paper focuses on switching event-triggered controller design for switched continuous-time systems with actuator saturation. First, we revisit the switching event-triggered sampled-data mechanism (ETSDM) to adapt it to the state feedback control of switched systems with actuator saturation. Then, by thinking of the ETSDM as a switching between periodic sampling and continuous ETSDM, constructing a switching multiple Lyapunov functions to give the analysis and design, and adopting the sector conditions to deal with the saturation, the sufficient conditions and the initial region ensuring the exponential stability of the switched system are proposed. Furthermore, the corresponding solvable conditions for the switching event-triggered controller and the triggering parameter matrices are established. Finally, a circuit example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed results.     

Quantised feedback control for bilinear systems with actuator saturation

This paper is concerned with quantised feedback control problems for bilinear systems with actuator saturation. We propose two types of quantisers. For the first quantiser, quantised input and quantised state are considered. For the second quantiser, quantised control input is only investigated. A designed state feedback controller guarantees that the resulting closed-loop system is convergent to a small neighbourhood around the origin for every initial condition emanating from the large admissible domain. Sufficient conditions for feasibility are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.     

Boundary control for a flexible string system with input saturation constraint

In this study, we focus on the boundary control problem for a vibrating string system with saturated input under the condition of external disturbances. Based on the backstepping approach, a boundary vibration control scheme is proposed to globally stabilize the string around the equilibrium position. A smooth hyperbolic tangent function is exploited to restrict the control input, an auxiliary system and a Nussbaum function are adopted to cope with the nonlinear term derived from the input saturation, and a disturbance observer is employed to tackle the boundary disturbance. The developed controller can assure the convergence of the closed‐loop system state to a small neighbourhood of zero. By the appropriate choice of control design parameters, numerical simulation is conducted to show the effectiveness of the derived control.     

考虑输入饱和的近空间飞行器姿态容错控制

针对近空间飞行器姿态控制中出现的执行器故障,输入饱和与外部干扰等问题,设计了一种基于二阶滑模干扰观测器和辅助系统的鲁棒容错跟踪控制方法.首先,将系统不确定,外部扰动和执行器故障作为复合干扰,设计super-twisting二阶滑模干扰观测器对其进行估计.然后为解决输入饱和问题构造了辅助分析系统,并借助backstepping方法,设计姿态容错跟踪控制器.利用Lyapunov方法,严格证明了所有闭环系统信号的收敛性.最后将所设计的控制方法应用于近空间飞行器姿态控制中,仿真结果验证了该控制方法的有效性.     

Stabilization of uncertain networked control systems with actuator saturation and probabilistic cyberattacks

This paper investigates the stabilization of uncertain networked control systems (NCSs) with actuator saturation and cyberattacks. The cyberattacks are governed by a set of independent random variables satisfying Bernoulli distribution. To relieve the network bandwidth load effectively, an event-triggered communication strategy is proposed. By employing Lyapunov stability theory and stochastic analysis techniques, a stability criterion is obtained for the system with actuator saturation and cyberattacks. Moreover, the desired controller gain is derived by solving some matrix inequalities. Finally, the validity and applicability of the criteria are verified through numerical examples.     

Quantized stabilization of networked control systems with actuator saturation

In this paper, we investigate the problems of stabilization of networked control systems with quantization and actuator saturation via delta operator approach. The definition of the domain of attraction for delta operator systems is introduced to analyze the stochastic stability of the closed‐loop networked control systems. The quantizer is a uniform one with arbitrary quantization regions, and the packet dropout process is modeled as a Bernoulli process. On the basis of the zoom strategy and Lyapunov theory in delta domain, sufficient conditions are given for the closed‐loop delta operator systems to be mean square stable, and the feedback controllers are designed to ensure the stability of networked control systems. A single link direct joint driven manipulator model is presented to show the effectiveness of the main results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

具有输入饱和的近空间飞行器鲁棒控制

针对近空间飞行器这一类存在外部扰动,输入饱和和参数不确定的多输入多输出线性系统,提出了一种基于干扰观测器的抗饱和鲁棒控制方案.将干扰观测器与抗饱和控制技术相结合,从而消除系统存在的未知外部扰动、输入饱和和不确定性对系统控制的影响.首先,设计干扰观测器对线性外部系统产生的未知扰动进行估计.然后根据干扰观测器输出,通过超前抗饱和方法设计抗饱和补偿器,并将其加入到鲁棒控制器的设计中,保证闭环系统存在输入饱和、未知外部扰动和参数不确定情况下的稳定性.为便于设计,干扰观测器、抗饱和补偿器和控制器设计矩阵均通过求解线性矩阵不等式得到.最后,将提出的鲁棒抗饱和控制方法应用于近空间飞行器,仿真结果验证了该控制方案的有效性.     

Tracking control and disturbance rejection for nonlinear switched control systems with saturation effects

This article focuses on the concerns of a tracking control and active disturbance rejection for nonlinear switched systems described by Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy framework with state-dependent nonlinear perturbations, actuator saturations and disturbances. Especially, a nonlinear equivalent-input-disturbance technique is employed to guarantee that only the external disturbances are rejected while retaining the beneficial nonlinearity of the system. Notably, with the aid of the lifting technique, the modified repetitive control are accurately described by a continuous-discrete two-dimensional model is designed to improve the tracking precision. The fuzzy-membership-function-dependent piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) by exploiting the knowledge of the membership functions are built to assure the exponential stability of the investigated system. Moreover, the controller and observer gains can be obtained as solutions to a set of strict linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an application example based on the cognitive radio model is given to verify the efficacy of the proposed control protocol.     

Event-triggered control for switched systems in the presence of actuator saturation

In this paper, the event-triggered stabilisation problem for a class of switched systems with actuator saturation is investigated. Based on multiple Lyapunov function method and the average dwell time approach, a sufficient condition for exponential stability of such systems under event-triggered state-feedback controller is derived. To avoid Zeno behaviour, it is shown that there exists a positive lower bound for any two consecutive inter-event instants. Finally, two examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

执行器饱和不确定NCS 非脆弱鲁棒容错控制

针对存在时变时延和丢包的不确定网络化控制系统(NCS), 同时考虑执行器饱和、控制器参数摄动以及非线性扰动等约束, 研究执行器发生结构性失效故障时系统的鲁棒容错多约束控制问题. 基于时滞依赖Lyapunov 方法和容错吸引域定义, 采用状态反馈控制策略推证出了闭环故障不确定网络化控制系统稳定的少保守性不变集充分条件, 并给出了非脆弱鲁棒容错控制器的设计方法以及最大容错吸引域的估计. 仿真算例验证了所述方法的可行性和有效性.