国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍。对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述。     

西北地区草地的环境管理

本文分析了西北地区草地生态及其草地退化原因.为了有效的进行草地环境管理,结合草地畜牧业的实际介绍了环境管理体系的运行模式以及ISO14000环境管理系列标准,并指出环境管理体系在西北地区草地恢复与生态保护中的重要作用.     

草地生态修复技术应用的文献计量分析

草地生态系统的退化严重影响全球生态安全,因此探索便捷有效的草地生态恢复技术刻不容缓。本文以Web of Science核心数据库和CNKI数据库中2000–2018年有关草地生态修复的文献为数据源,对国内外草地恢复技术的研究现状和发展趋势进行了整理分析,同时整理分析了不同生态恢复技术在我国的实施效果。结果表明,我国在草地生态恢复方面的研究呈不断上升趋势,论文数量已跃居世界第二。我国的草地生态恢复技术共有20种,主要为免耕补播、草地翻耕和减畜。相较于国外,我国利用围栏封育发表的文章相对较多,而利用火烧、刈割和控制杂草发表的文章相对较少。此外,我国缺少在干草覆盖和草皮移植技术方面的研究报道,而草方格沙障和草地灭鼠是我国特有的草地生态恢复技术。从实施效果来看,不同生态恢复技术对退化草地均具有积极的恢复效果,但对不同生态恢复目标产生的结果存在较大差异。本文通过分析,对我国退化草地的恢复研究提出了合理建议,为我国未来退化草地的恢复研究提供了参考。     

锡林浩特市草地生态现状及可持续发展

论述了锡林浩特市草地生态现状和生态建设取得的成就,提出了恢复、建设锡林浩特市草地生态可持续发展的措施.     

西北地区草地的环境管理

本文分析了西北地区草地生态及其草地退化原因。为了有效的进行草地环境管理,结合草地畜牧业的实际介绍了环境管理体系的运行模式以及ISO14000环境管理系列标准,并指出环境管理体系在西北地区草地恢复与生态保护中的重要作用。     

我国草地生态环境退化的原因与对策

草地资源不仅是畜牧业发展的基础,而且对保护人类生存环境具有重要的地位和作用。中国草地退化、沙化较为严重,限制了草地资源的合理开发利用。简要介绍了我国草地资源的特点和作用,论述了草地生态环境退化的原因和现状,并提出了草地生态恢复的策略。     

若尔盖草地生态保护调查研究

川西北若尔盖草原地处黄河、长江上游的四川省、甘肃省、青海省结合部,素有黄河“蓄水池”之称,近年来在外界干扰作用下,草地生态系统严重退化。文章对若尔盖草地生态系统退化的现状、退化驱动力、生态恢复治理及对策等方面的研究进行了总结。在此基础之上,探讨了若尔盖草地生态保护和可持续利用对策。     

试论灌木是干旱、半干旱区草地恢复中重要的生物资源

西北干旱、半干旱荒漠区是我国典型的荒漠生态系统.灌木是荒漠植被的主要组分,它在维持荒漠生态系统生物多样性、生态服务功能及其稳定性方面具有重要作用.20世纪下半叶,人口和经济快速增长导致的高强度人类活动,深刻地改变了荒漠生态系统的结构及水分和能量循环过程,致使灌木植物严重退化.为了保育灌木资源,提高人们对灌木在草地恢复中重要作用的认识,从改良土壤、物种多样性、防风固沙等方面论述了灌木在草地恢复过程中的特殊作用.建议在草业方面开展深入研究,以便使灌木在草地恢复中发挥更大的效能.     

新疆天山北坡荒漠草地退化现状及展望

草地退化是当今世界面临的极为严峻的生态问题之一,特别是新疆天山北坡地区的荒漠草原,由于其独特的地理环境所导致的荒漠草地退化越来越受到人们的关注。分析了新疆天山北坡荒漠草地退化的现状,在总结了国内外荒漠草地研究概况的基础上,重点综述了对新疆天山北坡地区荒漠草地退化的研究进展;在新疆天山北坡地区的荒漠草地退化研究,近年来主要集中在荒漠草地退化多样性演替、荒漠草地退化特征、荒漠草地退化遥感监测和重牧下抗牧策略等方面;通过以上综述,提出了荒漠草地退化中需要进一步深入研究的4个问题,包括荒漠草地生态系统退化机理、荒漠草地退化评价体系、荒漠草地退化监测体系和生态恢复研究,并对今后该领域的研究做出了进一步的展望和分析。     

内蒙古草地退化防治对策及碳增汇途径研究

全球变化背景下草地生态系统的退化及碳循环过程是生态学、地学、植物学和农学领域的研究热点之一。本文介绍了草地退化的概念、层次及退化现状,探讨了开垦、放牧、气候变化等人为因素和自然因素对内蒙古地区草地退化的驱动作用,重点分析了草地退化对碳循环过程的影响机制及退化草地恢复的固碳潜力,以期加深对草地生态系统退化及恢复过程中碳循环动态变化的理解。本文提出了内蒙古退化草地恢复过程中尚需解决的主要问题以及草业和畜牧业可持续发展的战略计划,以期为草地碳增汇方面的研究提供新的思路,并为决策者合理调整草地利用和保护布局提供理论基础。     

Veterinary pathology in Europe in the light of the congresses of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology in the last decade

This paper presents the main trends in the activity of European veterinary pathologists in the context of their oral presentations (plenary lectures and short presentations) and posters provided during annual meetings of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology (ESVP), in the decade 1997-2006. It was found that the issue that was most often brought up in the meetings was organ pathology (566 presentations). Infectious and parasitical diseases were only slightly less frequent (548 presentations). Oncology was another common issue (404 presentations). During this decade, 52 plenary lectures were presented, 765 oral presentations and 1 072 posters. Altogether, 1 889 presentations were made, which is between 127 and 238 per year. Research by Polish scientists accounted for 3.16% of all presentations. Additionally, the subject matter discussed at the annual meetings is analysed, and the trends in the development of veterinary diagnostic pathology and broad pathology education are indicated. It is shown that veterinary pathology enhances knowledge in the field of veterinary medicine by fulfilling a cognitive and diagnostic role.     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

Application of the log-linear model in the prediction of the antinuclear antibody test in the dog

To find possible associations between antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern, ANA titer, and certain clinical changes and clinical laboratory test results in dogs, the veterinary medical records of 111 ANA-positive and 126 ANA-negative dogs were examined. Variables could not be found that had significant associations with ANA pattern (unlike the results in persons), because of the predominance of 2 patterns. A log-linear model for ANA titer adequately fit the observed frequency and included 2-way interactions between titer and polyarthritis, titer and hematologic disorders, and polyarthritis and lymphadenopathy.     

Disturbance in the growth of the radius in dogs

In a 4-year period nine dogs have been met in which there was incomplete growth of the radius. The condition was unilateral in eight dogs and bilateral in one. Two were littermates. The defect is due to premature cessation of growth of the distal growth plate of the radius but the cause of this is not precisely known. It is recognized by characteristic radiographic changes in radius length, elbow joint space and premature closure of the distal growth plate of the radius. A method of surgical treatment has been devised and has proved beneficial in five dogs. Zusammenfassung. In einer Vierjahresperiode wurden neun Hunde beobachtet, bei denen ein unvollständiges Wachstum des Radius vorlag. Bei acht Hunden war der Zustand nur auf einer Seite zu finden, bei einem Hund auf beiden Seiten. Zwei der Hunde gehörten zum gleichen Wurf. Der Mangel ist auf verfrühte Wachstumseinstellung der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius zurückzuführen, jedoch ist die Ursache davon nicht genau bekannt. Er wird an charakteristischen radiographischen Veränderungen der Radiuslänge, des Ellbogengelenkzwischenraums und vorzeitigem Abschluss der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius erkannt. Es wurde eine chirurgische Behandlungsmethode entwickelt, die sich bei fünf Hunden als nutzlich erwies. Résumé. Au cows d'une période de 4 ans on a observé 9 cas de croissance incomplète du radius chez des chiens; l'anomalie était unilatérale dans 8 cas et bilatérale dans un cas; deux chiens appartenaient à la même portée. L'anomalie est due à l'arrêt prématuré de croissance de la plaque de croissance distale du radius, mais la cause n'en est pas encore connue d'une manière précise. Le diagnostic se fait par les signes radiologiques caractéristiques, modifications de la longueur du radius, de l'articulation du coude et soudure prématurée de la plaque de croissance du radius. On a élaboré une méthode de traitement chirurgical, qui s'est montrée favorable chez 5 chiens.