热处理过程中体育器材用3104铝合金的再结晶行为分析

通过热模拟压缩机对3104铝合金进行等温等速率热压缩试验,研究其在热处理过程中的再结晶行为。结果表明,3104铝合金在400℃以上变形时会发生动态和静态再结晶,软化率随道次间隔时间的延长和温度的升高而增大。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金双道次热变形应力软化行为及组织演变

在实验温度为300℃和400℃,应变速率为0.01s~(-1)和1s~(-1),每道次应变0.4,道次间隔时间为10~900 s条件下,在Gleeble~(-1)500D热力模拟实验机上进行了锻态Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金双道次等温压缩实验,研究了合金改锻试样的流变应力软化行为和微观组织演变。结果表明,该合金的双道次热压缩应力软化程度随着温度的升高而降低,随着应变速率的升高而增大,随着道次保温时间延长而升高。400℃时,由于合金在变形过程中的完全回复和再结晶,释放了大部分变形储能,道次间应力软化不明显,且不受应变速率和保温时间的影响;300℃、1 s~(-1)条件下道次间的应力软化程度最为明显,保温10~240 s期间产生的应力软化主要是由再结晶晶粒的长大引起的,240~900 s期间的应力软化主要受析出相的影响。     

铝合金多道次热变形过程的动态与静态软化

在Gleeble1500热力模拟机上，采用双道次间隙式等温热压缩试验，对1050、5182和7075铝合金多道次热变形过程中动态与静态软化特性进行研究，变形温度为300℃和400℃，应变速率为0．5s^-1，两道次间隙时间在30－120s内变化，每道次应变控制在0．4。结果表明，在400℃时，1050和7075铝合金流动应力由于结构软化而存在相当强的动态软化和奇异的静态软化，导致第二道次的起始流动应力比前一道次的起始流动应力低；对于所有合金，静态软化随着变形温度和道次间保温及停留时间的增加而增加，但是在同一变形条件下，5182铝合金的静态软化速率比1050和7075铝合金高。     

工业纯钛TA1的双道次热压缩变形及软化行为

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上对工业纯钛TA1进行单、双道次等温热压缩试验,变形温度为650~850 ℃,道次间隙时间为1~60 s,变形速率为10 s^-1,研究了工业纯钛TA1单、双道次热压缩过程中静态软化和动态软化行为。利用光学显微镜对变形后的微观组织进行观察,研究了工业纯钛TA1在不同变形条件下的微观组织演变。结果表明,工业纯钛TA1在单、双道次热压缩变形过程中表现出明显的硬化和软化行为,峰值应力前表现为加工硬化,峰值应力后表现为加工软化,最终达到动态软化和加工硬化的动态平衡。在道次间隙时间内发生静态软化,静态软化程度随着道次间隙时间的增加和温度的升高而增大。随着道次间隙时间的延长和温度的升高,道次间再结晶更加充分,第二道次变形后晶粒尺寸增加更明显,当发生完全再结晶时,软化程度达到最大。在热压缩变形期间,发生动态软化,650 ℃和750 ℃时以动态再结晶为主,850 ℃时以动态回复为主。     

Cu-P-Cr-Ni-Mo耐候钢的静态软化行为研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机,在变形温度为850～1100℃、应变速率为5 s~(-1)、道次间隔时间为1～1000 s的实验条件下,通过双道次压缩试验.研究了Cu-P-Cr-Ni-Mo耐候钢的静态软化行为.结果表明,其静态软化率随变形温度的升高和道次间隔时间的延长而不断增加.应用后插法计算了在不同真应变条件下的静态软化率.对静态软化率进行回归分析,求得Cu-P-Cr-Ni-Mo耐候钢静态再结晶激活能Q<,rex>为256kJ/mol.     

GH4720Li合金双道次热压缩变形过程的组织演变

对GH4720Li合金在1080~1180℃、应变速率为0.1s~(-1)条件下的双道次压缩过程的热变形行为进行研究。结果表明:动态再结晶是GH4720Li合金的主要软化机制。在双道次压缩间歇期内,合金发生亚动态再结晶、静态再结晶和晶粒长大;低于1120℃的变形间歇期,亚动态再结晶、静态再结晶和晶粒长大的速度缓慢;1120℃及以上温度的变形间歇期,亚动态再结晶、静态再结晶和晶粒长大的速度加快。随变形温度升高和第一道次变形量增大,道次间歇期的亚动态再结晶和静态再结晶速度加快。γ′相在热变形过程中发生协调变形,并发生细化。     

含Nb-Ti低碳微合金钢双道次高温压缩软化行为

利用Gleeble-3500热力模拟实验机对含Nb-Ti低碳微合金钢双道次高温压缩软化行为进行了模拟研究.研究了各种变形参数对该钢软化行为的影响,建立了该钢软化行为的动力学方程.结果表明,随着道次间停留时间的延长、变形温度、变形量以及应变速率的增大,再结晶率随之增大.变形温度对奥氏体晶粒尺寸有着显著的影响,变形温度的降低将使奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显粗化;奥氏体晶粒尺寸随着道次间停留时间的延长而增大,随着变形量以及应变速率的增大而减小.     

双道次热压缩条件下403Nb钢再结晶与组织演变

为给403Nb马氏体热强钢热连轧组织性能预报积累数据,用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对403Nb进行了双道次热压缩试验.热压缩试验进行的温度为950～1150℃,应变速率为0.01～10 s-1,道次间隔时间(ISDT)为1～300 s.研究了变形参数,如温度,应变速率和道次间隔时间对静态再结晶和组织的影响,结果表明:第一道次的峰值应力随应变速率的增加而增加,但第二道次的峰值应力随着变形温度的降低和道次间隔时间的缩短而增加;当变形温度一定时,应变速率的增加可以提高静态再结晶率;静态再结晶率随着道次间隔时间的增加先增后降.403Nb在道次间隔时间为100 s时,静态再结晶率最高.     

0.15C-0.14Si-0.2Mn-0.04Nb钢的静态再结晶行为研究

在Gleeble-3500热/力模拟试验机上,采用双道次压缩试验研究了0.15C-0.14Si-0.2Mn-0.04Nb钢在高温压缩变形后的静态软化行为,分析了道次停留时间、变形温度、应变速率以及应变量对静态再结晶行为的影响。并通过2%应力补偿法结合流变应力曲线计算出了静态再结晶软化率。研究表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,再结晶软化率随着道次停留时间的延长、变形温度的升高、应变速率的增大以及变形量的增大而增大。还建立了试验钢的静态再结晶动力学模型,获得静态再结晶激活能为188.986 k J/mol。     

添加稀土La的75Cr1锯片用钢热模拟试验研究

采用Gleeble-1500 D热模拟试验机对添加稀土镧的75Cr1锯片用钢进行了2道次与3道次热压缩。通过道次间软化率分析,研究了在模拟粗轧及精轧过程中钢的再结晶行为。结果表明:2道次压缩在变形温度为1050℃时,道次间软化率达到82%,在该温度以上为完全再结晶区;3道次压缩变形温度950℃时,1~2道次和2~3道次间软化率分别为0%和35%,在该温度以下几乎不发生静态再结晶。研究结果能为粗轧终轧温度和精轧开轧温度的确定提供一定的试验依据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.