Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/Graphene Nano- composite

采用氧化还原法制备不同银含量的银/石墨烯纳米复合材料 (银质量分数分别为0%, 30%, 46%, 56%, 63%)。并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)、高倍透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)分析银含量对银/石墨烯纳米复合材料形态和显微结构的影响。结果表明,氧化石墨和银离子被成功地还原成银/石墨烯纳米复合材料,所得石墨烯由3~4单层碳原子层堆砌缠绕而成,同时银纳米颗粒沉积在石墨烯的表面。银纳米颗粒的介入有效地阻碍了石墨烯的团聚,增大了石墨烯的比表面积。银纳米颗粒的尺寸与银含量相关,当银含量较低时,银纳米颗粒在石墨烯表面具有很好的分散性且粒度基本分布在25~50 nm之间,而当银含量超过46%时将会导致银纳米颗粒的团聚。另外, 银纳米颗粒增强了石墨烯的拉曼效应。     

载银TiO2纳米管阵列的光催化和抗菌性能研究

利用阳极氧化法在钛金属基体表面制备高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜(TNA),将其浸泡在AgNO3溶液中,通过紫外光照射,得到Ag纳米颗粒负载在TNA表面的复合结构(Ag-TNA)。采用SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS、UV-Vis光谱等手段对Ag-TNA复合结构进行分析,研究了Ag-TNA复合纳米结构的光催化性能、光电化学性能及抗菌性能。结果表明,相对于TNA,Ag-TNA复合结构表现出更为优良的光电化学活性,同时又具有优良的广谱抗菌性能。     

Ag+掺杂ZnWO4纳米棒的微波水热法合成及光催化性能

以硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)、和钨酸钠(Na2WO4·2H2O)作为起始反应物,利用微波水热法在200℃下合成纳米棒状钨酸锌。利用X-射线粉末衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及能谱成分图谱等分析手段对纳米棒状钨酸锌粉体进行表征,并对不同Ag+掺杂量的ZnWO4纳米棒的光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明:Ag+成功的掺入ZnWO4纳米棒中;随着Ag+掺杂量的增加ZnWO4纳米棒的颗粒尺寸也不断增大;Ag+掺杂量2%时纳米棒状钨酸锌粉体的光催化性能最优,但是随着掺杂量的逐渐增加光催化性能反而降低。     

Au/CdTe纳米复合材料的静电作用制备及表征(英文)

将相反电荷的纳米Au和纳米CdTe通过静电作用得到纳米复合Au/CdTe粒子。在水溶液中分别用二甲氨基吡啶和巯基丙酸稳定纳米Au和CdTe粒子,使其表面分别带有正电荷与负电荷。Au/CdTe纳米复合材料的表面等离子体吸收光谱随着Au含量的增加而红移,表明纳米复合Au/CdTe粒子的长大是由于配位形成而引起的。纳米Au和纳米CdTe的比影响纳米复合Au/CdTe粒子的结构。复合纳米Au/CdTe粒子的尺寸和形状是影响金属/半导体纳米复合材料性能的重要参数。用小角X射线散射技术、透射电子显微镜、循环伏安法和X射线光电子能谱来表征纳米复合Au/CdTe粒子。     

一种无铼二代镍基单晶高温合金蠕变机制研究

利用层层静电自组装技术将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI-Ag+)、PdCl42-交替沉积在基底上,然后用硼氢化钠还原,构筑了含银/钯复合纳米粒子的PEI-Ag/Pd纳米复合薄膜.通过扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和循环伏安(CV)等手段对复合膜的成分、微结构和性质进行了测试分析.膜上生成了不规则和立方体状的银/钯纳米复合物,导致膜表面有一定的粗糙度.结果表明,双金属{PEI-Ag/Pd}n复合膜比单金属{PEI/Pd}n或{PEI-Ag/PSS}n膜对多巴胺的氧化有更好的电催化活性.     

单相纳米晶Ag_2Al颗粒的制备及表征(英文)

采用自悬浮定向流法制备单相Ag2Al金属间化合物纳米颗粒及Ag和Al纳米颗粒;利用透射电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱分析、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱等对纳米Ag2Al微晶的形貌、粒度、相组成、成分及微结构进行表征。研究表明:所制备的金属间化合物纳米粒子为球形的六边形结构,其平均粒径为33μm,样品中Ag和Al的摩尔比非常接近标准配比2:1,颗粒由单相的Ag2Al组成。对放置在空气中的Ag2Al纳米颗粒表面成分进行分析,XPS测试结果表明:在Ag2Al微晶表面形成了一层很薄的氧化物膜,可能是铝的氧化物或银铝氧化物。实验证实,通过控制气相反应的工艺条件可以制备出粒径很小的单相Ag2Al纳米晶。     

Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of Ag-loaded β-Bi2O3 microspheres under visible light irradiation

The visible-light-driven photocatalyst Ag/β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres were synthesized by a simple chemical method. First, β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres were obtained by a thermal treatment of sphere-like Bi₂O₂CO₃ precursor at 360 °C for 3 h in air and then Ag nanoparticles were in situ incorporated into β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres by impregnation method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements. The experimental results demonstrated that the visible light absorption of β-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst is greatly enhanced with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. The SEM and TEM observations revealed that the Ag nanoparticles can be homogenously incorporated in the β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres. The photocatalytic activity of Ag/β-Bi₂O₃ sample was evaluated by the photodegradation of the Rhodamine-B under visible light irradiation as a function of Ag content. It is found that the photocatalytic efficiency of β-Bi₂O₃ can be significantly improved with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles up to 2.0 wt% Ag. The mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity is also presented.     

Ag/AgCl-decorated polypyrrole nanotubes and their sensory properties

A facile method to prepare Ag/AgCl-decorated polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy/Ag–AgCl nanocomposites) has been demonstrated. PPy nanotubes were assembled on the reactive self-degraded template of a fibrillar complex of FeCl₃ and methyl orange (MO). By introducing PPy nanotubes into AgNO₃ solution, Ag and AgCl nanoparticles could be uniformly decorated onto the PPy nanotube surface in situ by the reaction of PPy and AgNO₃. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The possible application of PPy/Ag–AgCl nanocomposites as a vapor sensor has also been reported. The responses of these nanocomposites were observed to be reversible by monitoring the change in the resistance of the nanocomposites upon exposure to ammonia vapor. PPy/Ag–AgCl composite nanotubes sensors showed enhanced chemiresistor sensitivity compared with PPy nanotubes.     

Growth and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanosheets stabilized by Ag nanoparticles

The Ag nanoparticles-stabilized ZnO nanosheets were prepared using a liquid-liquid two-phase method with (n-Dodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) as a phase transfer agent at the room temperature. The silver nanoparticles which are conductors with the character of attracting energy can make the ZnO sheets stabilize under the higher energy electrons. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and fluorescence. The results demonstrate that the silver nanoparticles load on the surface of ZnO sheets and make the ZnO sheets stabilize. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of ZnO sheets stabilized by silver nanoparticles was also proposed and discussed in detail. Moreover, the photocatalysis test shows that the ZnO sheets stabilized by silver nanoparticles exhibit a higher photocatalytic activity than the pure ZnO nanosheets, thereby implying that the Ag/ZnO interfaces promote the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and enhance the photocatalytic activity.     

CTAB/正己醇/水反胶束体系中合成PPy/TiO2纳米复合粒子

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米粒子,并用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正己醇/水反胶束体系作为微反应器合成了聚吡咯(PPy)/TiO2纳米复合粒子.利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对纳米复合粒子进行了表征.实验结果表明,PPy/TiO2球形粒子的平均粒径为150～200 nm,在复合粒子中球形粒子占据优势,并有团聚的趋势.FTIR和XRD结果显示纳米复合材料由PPy和TiO2组成,无机复合粒子只有部分形成晶体.从该研究结果中可以看出,反胶束法可以有效地应用于有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备.     

Preparation of oligoaniline derivative/polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles

Oligoaniline derivative/polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by electrospinning technique. Silver nanoparticles were prepared through reduction of Ag⁺ by oligoaniline derivative, and the process of redox was monitored by UV–vis spectra. The morphology of Ag-polymer blends nanocomposites and the distribution of Ag nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical analysis of nanocomposites was checked by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the 0.5 M H₂SO₄. In addition, the presence of Ag nanoparticles was indicated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD).     

Photocatalytic activity of La-doped ZnO nanostructure materials synthesized by sonochemical method

ZnO nanostructure materials doped with different La contents were synthesized by sonochemical method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). In this research, XRD patterns of pure ZnO and La-doped ZnO are specified as hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure with no detection of La2O3 phase. SEM and TEM characterization revealed the flower shape of pure ZnO built-up from petals of hexagonal prisms with hexagonal pyramid tips. Upon doping with La, the flower-shaped ZnO is broken into individual 1D prism-like nanorods. Photocatalytic activities of the as-synthesized products were determined by measuring the degradation of methylene blue(MB) under ultraviolet–visible(UV) light irradiation.Among them, the 2.0 mol% La-doped ZnO shows better photocatalytic properties than any other products.     

N-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays: Synthesis by anodic oxidation in an Ionic Liquid ([BMIM]BF4) and Assessment of Photocatalytic Properties

本文简述了以HF水溶液为电解液,离子液体（1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐 [BMIM]BF4）为N源,采用阳极氧化法制备N掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）对N掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的表面形貌、晶型和氮元素的掺杂方式进行分析。以球形氙灯为光源,亚甲基蓝溶液为目标物质测试N掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的光催化活性。N掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率明显高于未掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列。这是因为N掺杂后产生杂质能级使禁带宽度变窄,并且N掺杂进入TiO2晶格中形成O-Ti-N 键和Ti- O-N键,使氧空位数量增加,从而使光催化活性提高。     

Microwave-assisted synthesis and magnetic properties of size-controlled CoNi/MWCNT nanocomposites

Size-controlled CoNi alloy nanoparticles with average diameters in the range of 15-48 nm attached on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared to form CoNi/MWCNT nanocomposites by microwave-assisted method. The size of CoNi alloy nanoparticles can be controlled through adjusting the atomic ratios of metals to carbon nanotubes in the mixed acetate solution. The as-prepared nanocomposites have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that CoNi alloy nanoparticles are face-centered cubic structure, quasi-spherical and disperse uniformly on the surface of MWCNTs. Magnetic measurement shows that both the coercivity and the saturation magnetization of the samples increase with the increase of the particle size from 15 to 37 nm, and decrease from 37 to 48 nm.     

Spherical granular structures of Ag/Co nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties

Ag/Co bimetallic nanoparticles in the form of hierarchical spherical structures were prepared by the polyol process using oleic acid and oleylamine as surfactants. The Ag/Co nanoparticles so obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and super-conducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The XRD results in complement with the UV-vis studies indicated the absence of Ag-Co alloy formation during the synthesis. The FESEM observations depicted dense and uniform spherical granular structures for the Ag/Co nanoparticles; while the TEM studies apparently revealed a bimodal distribution of nanoparticles exist in the Ag/Co samples. The SAXS analysis on the Ag/Co colloids further validated the TEM results. The VSM studies showed typical ferromagnetic characteristics for the Ag/Co nanoparticles at room temperature; whereas the SQUID measurements demonstrated superparamagnetic nature for these nanoclusters with a blocking temperature close to 250 K. The synthetic route presented in this work represents a simple means of producing bimetallic composite superstructures of Ag/Co nanoparticles in the form of spherical granules on a large scale. These spherical aggregates have the potential to be important building blocks for more complex nanostructures and would be interesting for magnetic studies and catalytic applications.     

Vanadium-Doped Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Formation in Presence of Ionic Liquids and Their Use in Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Magnesium oxide(MgO) is one of the metal oxides having unique properties with numerous potential industrial applications.In this study,MgO and vanadium-doped MgO nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF_4] and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [OMIM][BF_4] ionic liquids.Vanadium-doped MgO nanoparticles exhibited nanosphere and nanorod morphologies with 40–80 nm in particle size,primarily due to the influence of ionic liquids as demonstrated by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Characteristics of nanoparticles were also studied by thermal gravimetric analysis,X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Photodegradation ability of synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated for methylene blue(MB) in specially designed UV reactor.Photodegradation is found to be dependent on doping,and particle characteristics change due to the influence of ionic liquid.The ionic liquid-assisted vanadium-doped MgO nanoparticles showed good reusability under UV irradiation and MB degradation ability under visible light.     

氧化铋/二氧化钛复合颗粒的制备及其光催化降解4-氯苯酚的性能

在低温条件下制备在太阳光照射下具有高光催化活性的氧化铋/二氧化钛复合颗粒。并利用XRD、SEM、BET、XPS和DRS对其进行表征。结果表明：将二氧化钛纳米颗粒沉积在氧化铋表面可形成微-纳结构,使该复合材料表现出多孔性,并提高表面羟基的含量。因此,在太阳光的激发下,氧化铋/二氧化钛复合颗粒对4-氯苯酚的催化降解能力高于纯二氧化钛和P25。     

镍纳米颗粒填充碳纳米管的制备和表征

采用阳极弧放电等离子体技术制备了Ni纳米颗粒填充的碳纳米管,并利用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线能量色散分析谱仪(XEDS)等测试手段对样品的化学成分、形态和物相结构等特征进行了表征。结果表明,采用本实验的方法能获得大量的被纳米金属颗粒填充的碳纳米管,内部填充物为fcc结构的Ni纳米颗粒,外围薄层为石墨碳层。碳纳米管的外径在30~40nm范围内,壁厚5~8nm,内部填充的纳米颗粒呈球形和椭球形,粒径均匀。     

Synthesis of titanate/anatase composites with highly photocatalytic decolorization of dye under visible light irradiation

Titanate/anatase nanocomposites consisting of titanate nanotubes and leaf-like anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully prepared via a novel combinational hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The activity of the nanocomposites was examined by photocatalytic decolorization of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. It is found that the nanocomposites exhibited a much improved photocatalytic activity in comparison with titanate nanotube, anatase TiO₂ nanoparticle, and even the commercial Degussa P-25. The photocatalytic mechanism of the as-prepared nanocomposites was discussed.     

Catalyst-free synthesis, morphology evaluation and photocatalytic properties of pristine and calcinated titanate nanorods

Titanate nanorods with high photocatalytic activity was successfully synthesized through a simple catalyst-free hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic degradation of a model organic dye (Reactive Red 198) was accelerated by the calcination of the nanorods prior the reaction. The calcination of nanorods did not modify their morphology, however the crystallinity of the samples was significantly improved. Therefore, the quality of the samples is a key parameter determining their activity in the investigated photocatalytic process. The as-produced and annealed catalysts were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance (DR) UV-Vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy.