一种新体系下的祖母绿水热生长工艺研究

为了使水热法生长祖母绿晶体能够产业化,大幅度降低其生产成本,我们在原有技术基础上又寻找了一种新的水热生长体系,对祖母绿在该体系中的溶解度、溶解度温度系数、P-T-V(F)特征等进行了实验研究,然后系统地试验了祖母绿晶体的生长质量和生长速率与温度、压力、介质溶液及其浓度、试料配方、搀杂离子及其浓度、籽晶切型等的关系,得到了晶体生长的最佳生长条件,并生长出了优质的祖母绿晶体,晶体矿物学特征与天然祖母绿基本一致.     

合成金刚石晶体缺陷的同步辐射形貌研究

采用同步辐射白光貌相术研究合成金刚石单晶体中的晶体缺陷,观察到晶体中存在籽晶,籽晶周围存在着大量的位错线.位错线起源于籽晶表面,终止于晶体表面.计算了位错束的空间走向和位错密度.分析了晶体的生长阶段和影响晶体缺陷的主要因素,指出通过减少籽晶表面的缺陷,保持生长条件的稳定,能够有效地降低合成金刚石晶体中缺陷的密度,提高合成金刚石晶体的完整性.     

不同籽晶对KDP晶体质量的影响

采用Z片籽晶和锥头籽晶分别进行传统降温法生长KDP晶体,并对其高分辨摇摆曲线、锥光干涉图以及消光比进行测试研究。实验发现,KDP晶体在不同籽晶下均能实现较好的生长稳定性,采用锥头籽晶生长的KDP晶体具有相对更好的晶体质量。     

不同籽晶DKDP晶体生长和光学性能研究

籽晶是影响DKDP晶体生长和光学性能的一个重要因素.通过传统降温法,分别利用Z片和[101]晶片作为籽晶,从氘化程度为85%的溶液中生长DKDP晶体并对加工样品进行了相关测试.研究了不同籽晶对DKDP晶体的生长和光学性能的影响.实验表明,[101]晶片籽晶所得DKDP晶体能有效缩短生长周期,晶体损伤阈值提高明显,但光学均匀性和透过性能有所下降.     

六偏磷酸盐对KDP晶体快速生长及光学性能的影响研究

在掺杂不同浓度的六偏磷酸盐溶液中,利用"点籽晶"快速生长法生长了KDP晶体,生长速度约20 mm/d。研究了六偏磷酸盐对快速生长的KDP晶体的生长及光学性能的影响,并与传统慢速生长的晶体进行了对比。实验表明,溶液中掺杂少量六偏磷酸盐就会显著降低生长溶液的稳定性,抑制晶体的生长,生长的晶体容易出现包藏、添晶、粉碎性裂纹等缺陷;生长的晶体光学质量也明显下降,例如晶体内部的光散射加重,激光损伤阈值降低;相比传统生长法生长的晶体,同等浓度的六偏磷酸盐对"点籽晶"快速生长法生长的晶体影响更为严重。结合KDP的晶体结构和六偏磷酸盐的分子特点,对其影响机理进行了讨论。     

锥头籽晶对DKDP晶体生长和损伤阈值的影响

籽晶是影响DKDP晶体生长和光损伤阈值的一个重要因素。采用传统降温法,分别利用Z片和锥头作为籽晶,从氘化程度为85%的溶液生长了DKDP晶体,并选取部分样品进行3倍频光损伤阈值测试。实验证明,DKDP晶体可以在不同籽晶下基本实现稳定生长,锥头籽晶所得DKDP晶体对晶体损伤阈值提高有积极作用且能有效缩短生长周期。     

LHPG法单晶光纤生长中的熔区控制技术

采用激光加热基座生长法 (LHPG)生长单晶光纤 ,研究晶体源棒的熔球大小、籽晶点入深度与熔区长度、生长速度、生长质量的关系及控制技术 ,得到了生长优质单晶光纤过程中的各控制参数最佳值     

LHPG法单晶光纤生长中的熔区控制技术

采用激光加热基座生长法（LHPG）生长单晶光纤,研究晶体源棒的熔球大小、籽晶点入深度与熔区长度、生长速度、生长质量的关系及控制技术,得到了生长优质单晶光纤过程中的各控制参数最佳值。     

氢氧等离子体预处理对单晶金刚石刻蚀坑的研究

采用自制的微波等离子体化学气相沉积装置,在高温高压法合成的金刚石的衬底上外延生长单晶金刚石。实验分为两步,首先用氢氧等离子体在生长之前进行预处理刻蚀,然后外延生长30 h。利用金相显微镜和激光拉曼光谱来表征单晶金刚石刻蚀坑以及外延生长的单晶金刚石质量。研究结果表明,氧会优先刻蚀籽晶表面的缺陷和位错,可以通过刻蚀坑密度来判断衬底质量,且经过预处理刻蚀能消除单晶金刚石表面的缺陷。籽晶表面经刻蚀后会出现平底型和尖锥型两种倒金字塔型刻蚀坑,且晶体表面的原本缺陷或由抛光造成起的缺陷会随刻蚀时间延长、刻蚀强度增大而消失。经过氢氧等离子体预处理外延生长的单晶中非金刚石相杂质含量较少,结晶性高。     

BiB3O6晶体的褐色缺陷

利用同步辐射白光形貌术和透射电子显微镜,对BiB3O6晶体的缺陷进行研究.靠近籽晶部位,可以观察到包藏、位错和生长扇面边界,而远离籽晶的位置,没有发现任何微观的缺陷.通过实验观察,孪晶和生长扇面边界可能是导致晶体中褐色区域的形成原因.提出了消除缺陷的方法.     

Growth of emerald crystals from PbO · V2O5 flux

The flux growth of emerald crystals by slow cooling in the PbO · V₂O₅ flux is reported. The crystals exhibited the typical emerald-green colour, were up to 1.8 mm in size and transparent. Their form was a regular hexagonal rod bounded by the well-developed {0001} and {10ˉ10} faces. The solubility of emerald in PbO · V₂O₅ was also investigated; about 9.0 g emerald was dissolved in 100 g PbO · V₂O₅ at 1200 °C. The solubility decreased gradually with decreasing temperature. Taking the solubility data into account, the presence of undissolved particles in the solution was found to be a necessary condition for the growth of large emerald crystals. Unsaturated solution at a soak temperature produced good and relatively small emerald crystals in a subsequent cooling experiment. Advantages of the PbO · V₂O₅ flux are also mentioned. Emerald crystals showing various kinds of imperfections, and even good crystals, were also present.     

Hydrothermal growth of beryl single crystals and morphology of their singular faces

The surface morphology of the best developed faces of emerald and red beryl single crystals grown from high-temperature hydrothermal solutions has been studied by atomic force microscopy. The results attest to dislocation-mediated layer-by-layer growth of the faces. Using experimentally determined growth front profiles, the fractal dimensions D _Fp and D _Fa of the faces are evaluated to be 1.1–1.4. These values indicate that the surfaces studied have a fractal character and can be investigated using elements of fractal theory.     

优化处理祖母绿的鉴定方法

对天然及优化处理祖母绿的鉴定方法进行研究和分析。通过传统的显微放大方法观察祖母绿的充填及染色处理痕迹,证明了该方法是鉴别处理祖母绿的一个首选和重要的手段;进一步采用DiamondViewTM对这些样品用进行观察,发现充填裂隙主要呈浅黄绿色荧光,同时可以确定一些宝石显微镜下无法辨别的裂隙,因而可以作为进一步的验证手段。最后通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪检测有无2 870 cm-1、2 925 cm-1、2 964 cm-1、3 034 cm-1、3 053 cm-1充填胶特征吸收峰以及激光拉曼光谱仪检测有无548 cm-1铬特征峰和1 602 cm-1、1 180 cm-1、1 107 cm-1、817 cm-1、633 cm-1充填胶特征峰来综合判定祖母绿是否经染色或充填胶处理。确立了快速、有效、准确鉴别处理祖母绿的流程和方法,此方法的确立对此类宝石样品的鉴定有着重要的指导意义。     

DiamondView~(TM)在宝石检测中的应用

通过对天然、合成钻石,充填处理祖母绿及合成红宝石的检测实验,证明了DiamondViewTM在宝石检测中的多样化应用。实验结果表明,DiamondViewTM还可以直观快速地观察到祖母绿裂隙中的充填物;同时也可以用来检测例如焰熔法合成红宝石等其他合成宝石,是一台比较直观方便的珠宝检测辅助仪器。     

Hydrothermal formation of diamond from chlorinated organic compounds

The unique properties of diamond are well known a long time ago and therefore are extensively used. However, the most general aspects of diamond origin are not yet clearly determined. Hydrothermal synthesis as any heterogeneous reactions occurring under the conditions of high-temperature–high-pressure (> 100 °C, > 1 atm) in aqueous solutions in closed system has a growing interest among the scientists in particular due to a possibility of synthesis of new phases or crystals growth. During this study the diamond particles or films were produced through hydrothermal interaction of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane and 10 M NaOH in the presence of diamond or cubic BN seeds at temperature 300 °C and pressure 1 GPa. Synthesized diamond was thoroughly characterized by TG–DTA, SEM (EDX) and had (220) preferable orientation according to XRD pattern. These results demonstrate that the hydrothermal growth of diamond in like manner with quarts and emerald is possible.     

Preparation and visible photocatalytic dye degradation of Mn-TiO2/sepiolite photocatalysts

The performance of Mn-TiO₂/sepiolite photocatalysts prepared by the sol-gel method and calcinated at different temperatures was studied in the photocatalytic degradation of direct fast emerald green dye under visible light irradiation, and a series of analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, TG-DSC, XPS, UV-vis-DRS and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology, structure and optical properties of the photocatalysts. It is found that the anatase TiO₂ was formed in all photocatalysts. Mn⁴⁺ might incorporate into the lattice structure of TiO₂ and partially replace Ti⁴⁺, thus causing the defects in the crystal structure and the broadening of the spectral response range of TiO₂. At the same time, TiO₂ particles were dispersed on the surface of the sepiolite, which immobilized TiO₂ particles with sepiolite via the bond of Ti−O−Si. Mn-TiO₂/sepiolite calcined at 400 °C exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity and the degradation rate of direct fast emerald green is up to 98.13%. Meanwhile, it also shows good stability and universality.     

Deformation mechanisms in polymer crystals

The deformation of polydiacetylene single crystals has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Three types of deformation twins have been identified. The twinning planes are (0 1 2), (¯2 1 2), and (2 1 2), types not previously reported in polymer crystals. Deformation features in polydiacetylene single crystals observed by other workers are interpreted in terms of these three twins. The possibility of similar types of twins occurring in other polymer crystals is discussed. The twins in the polydiacetylene single crystals and those found in other non-polymeric materials are compared.     

The physical and chemical properties of synthetic and natural jadeite for jewellery

Jadeite was synthesized from its glass of stoichiometric composition NaAlSi₂O₆, and a colouring agent Cr₂O₃ (0.3–0.6 wt%) was added to achieve the emerald colour. The conditions employed were a pressure range of 3.0–5.0 GPa and a temperature range of 1150–1750 °C, for periods of 1–480 min. The physical and chemical properties of synthetic jadeite, such as microstructure, unit cell parameters, melting point, thermal stability, hardness, density and refractive index, etc., were compared with those of natural jadeite. The optimum crystallizing conditions for the synthesis of jadeite for jewellery were above 4.5 GPa, 1450 °C and 60 min. The synthetic jadeite was emerald in colour, translucent, 12 mm diameter and 6 mm thick.     

Oil Microsealing: A Robust Micro‐compartmentalization Method for On‐Chip Chemical and Biological Assays

A simple and robust method to compartmentalize aqueous solutions into an array of independent microchambers is presented. The array of microchambers fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) are filled with the sample solution through a microfluidic channel and then sealed with oil to isolate the microchambers from each other. A water reservoir close to the microchambers allows the maintainance and incubation of sub‐nanoliter solutions (e.g., at 37 °C) within the chambers for hours without any problem of evaporation. Once assembled, the device is self‐sustainable and can be used for different application purposes. As a demonstration, the device configuration is shown to be suitable for spatiotemporal control of the inner solution conditions by light stimulation through a photomask. This method was applied for the generation of regular EmGFP (emerald green fluorescent protein) expression arrays, selective photobleaching, photopatterning of calcium concentration, and cell culture in independent microchambers.     

Fabrication of colloidal crystals with hierarchical structure and its water adhesion properties

A facile fabrication method of colloidal crystals with hierarchical structure has been presented. The colloidal crystals were assembled from latex spheres with various uneven surfaces, which were simply synthesized via emulsion polymerization by varying initiator feeding times. The as-prepared colloidal crystals demonstrated the water adhesion properties, which could be modulated by designing the hierarchical structure of latex surface. The result provided a simple fabrication method for colloidal crystals with hierarchical structure and high water adhesion force. This would greatly extend the applications of colloidal crystals to many other important fields, for instance, microfluidic device.