合元极技术再认识--一种电大复杂目标散射混合计算技术的考察

合元极技术,即混合有限元、边界元、快速多极子技术,是计算电磁学中近年来日益受到关注的一种精确、高效、通用的技术.本文首先将此技术推广应用于既带涂层又带腔的复杂电大目标电磁散射的计算;接着对合元极技术各种算法的计算精度、迭代收敛速度进行了理论和数值实验的分析研究;然后,从通用性和高效性的角度,对作者采用的不对称合元极技术和近来来其他作者提出的对称合元极技术做了分析比较.最后,本文计算了几种复杂目标的散射截面以证实此项技术的高效、通用.     

电磁场与微波技术

O441 2007011036合元极技术再认识——一种电大复杂目标散射混合计算技术的考察/盛新庆,彭朕(北京理工大学电子工程系)//电子学报.―2006,34(1).―93～98.合元极技术,即混合有限元、边界元、快速多极子技术,是计算电磁学中近年来日益受到关注的一种精确、高效、通用的技术。该文首先将该技术推广应用于既带涂层又带腔的复杂电大目标电磁散射的计算;接着对合元极技术各种算法的计算精度、迭代收敛速度进行了理论和数值实验的分析研究;然后,从通用性和高效性的角度,对作者采用的不对称合元极技术和近来来其他作者提出的对称合元极技术做了分析比较。最后,该文计算了几种复杂目标的散射截面以证实该项技术的高效、通用。图9表4参18     

有理函数逼近技术在合元极技术中的应用

本文将有理函数逼近技术(Rational Function Approximation Technique,RFAT)应用到合元极技术中以快速求解三维复杂目标的宽频带和宽角度散射特性.有理函数逼近技术是计算数学中的一种重要的函数逼近方法.近年来颇受关注的渐进波形估计技术(Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation,AWE)和基于模型的参数估计技术(Model-Based Parameter Estimation,MBPE)均属于有理函数逼近的范畴.本文将AWE和MBPE两种有理函数逼近技术应用到合元极技术中,并从理论分析和数值性能的角度研究和比较了两种方法的优劣.典型数值实验表明,有理函数逼近技术结合合元极技术能够极大的加速三维复杂目标宽频带和宽角度散射特性的求解.     

大型波导缝隙阵与天线罩的一体化高效精确分析

针对带罩大型波导缝隙阵的辐射特性分析, 基于并行区域分解合元极算法, 提出一种多区域的精确高效算法.将每根波导缝隙天线以及天线罩实体目标作为一个有限元计算区域, 各区域之间通过基于各区域表面的边界积分方程进行耦合, 并于天线罩内部应用区域分解技术来降低计算资源实现高效计算.与传统单区域合元极的数值结果比较验证了该多区域方法的精确高效性, 还计算分析了带罩大型波导缝隙阵的频域辐射特性.     

三维电磁散射问题区域分解技术研究进展

区域分解算法（domain decomposition method,DDM）是实现大规模电磁散射问题求解的有效途径,其易于并行,与非共形技术结合后,可进一步降低实际应用中目标建模与网格划分的难度,近年来在计算电磁领域引起广泛关注.本文介绍了电磁计算领域有限元法（finite element method,FEM）和积分方程法区域分解技术的研究进展,以及它们在合元极技术中的应用.最后,对区域分解合元极技术当前仍然存在的挑战和未来发展方向进行了讨论.     

电大不均匀腔体的并行高阶合元极分析

针对电大深腔目标散射问题的高阶合元极算法的瓶颈[1],提出并实现了一种并行方案。通过计算各种复杂电大深腔散射问题,其中包括带有发动机且涂层的飞机进气道模型,含有不均匀段结构的腔体,以及口径电尺度为15λ×15λ、深度达100λ的电大深腔,充分展示了并行高阶合元极算法的计算能力。数值实验证实了此并行方案具有较高的并行效率。     

数字全息图像处理技术研究

本文从理论和实验研究了数字全息图像处理技术。记录采用离轴数字全息光路,预处理算法采用数字相减法,再现利用菲涅尔变换算法做衍射数值计算。实验结果表明,本文的研究方法能成功获取数字全息图像并进行数字全息图像再现。     

一种高阶矩量法迭代求解的预处理技术

频域高阶矩量法越来越多地用于求解目标散射问题.但高阶矩量法得到的矩阵方程中,系数矩阵条件数较差,并且一般为非对角占优阵,通常用计算效率较低的直接方法求解.本文针对叠层高阶基函数的特点,提出了一种函数空间域分解的加性Schwarz预处理技术.通过数值计算,给出了最优分解方案,并数值验证了预处理技术的有效性.     

一种应用于目标宽带RCS快速计算的高效预处理技术

矩量法常与渐近波形估计技术结合用于目标宽带雷达散射截面的快速计算,然而当目标为电大尺寸时,此种方法仍然十分耗时。该文使用一种基于可变内外迭代技术的Krylov子空间迭代法FBICGSTAB求解由电场积分方程离散得到的大型稠密矩阵方程。同时近场矩阵预处理技术将与双阈值不完全LU分解预处理技术结合用于降低FBICGSTAB的迭代求解次数。数值计算表明:在不影响精度的前提下,该文方法可以大大提高目标宽带雷达散射截面的计算效率。     

铜丝球焊中形球过程的数值模拟＊

本文采用数值模拟的方法研究了铜丝球键合技术中的形球过程。通过对超细铜丝在微电弧作用下形球过程中的温度场、速度场和位移场的计算,阐明了铜丝球形成的规律.文中对位移场的计算结果进行了实验验证。     

Accurate numerical modeling of the TARA reflector system

The radiation pattern of the large parabolic reflectors of the Transportable Atmospheric RAdar system (TARA), developed at Delft University of Technology, has been accurately simulated. The electric field integral equation (EFIE) formulation has been applied to a model of the reflectors including the feed housing and supporting struts, discretised using the method of moments. Because the problem is electrically large (the reflector has a diameter of 33/spl lambda/) and nonsymmetrical, this lead to a badly conditioned linear system of approximately half a million unknowns. In order to solve this system, an iterative solver (generalized minimum residual method) was used, in combination with the multilevel fast multipole method. Because of the bad conditioning, the system could only be solved by using a huge preconditioner. A new block-incomplete LU preconditioner (ILU) algorithm has been employed to allow for efficient out-of-computer core memory preconditioning.     

Reduced-order preconditioning for bidomain simulations

Simulations of the bidomain equations involve solving large, sparse, linear systems of the form Ax = b. Being an initial value problems, it is solved at every time step. Therefore, efficient solvers are essential to keep simulations tractable. Iterative solvers, especially the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method, are attractive since memory demands are minimized compared to direct methods, albeit at the cost of solution speed. However, a proper preconditioner can drastically speed up the solution process by reducing the number of iterations. In this paper, a novel preconditioner for the PCG method based on system order reduction using the Arnoldi method (A-PCG) is proposed. Large order systems, generated during cardiac bidomain simulations employing a finite element method formulation, are solved with the A-PCG method. Its performance is compared with incomplete LU (ILU) preconditioning. Results indicate that the A-PCG estimates an approximate solution considerably faster than the ILU, often within a single iteration. To reduce the computational demands in terms of memory and run time, the use of a cascaded preconditioner was suggested. The A-PCG was applied to quickly obtain an approximate solution, and subsequently a cheap iterative method such as successive overrelaxation (SOR) is applied to further refine the solution to arrive at a desired accuracy. The memory requirements are less than those of direct LU but more than ILU method. The proposed scheme is shown to yield significant speedups when solving time evolving systems.     

Hybrid multilevel/multigrid potential preconditioner for fast finite element modeling

A robust hybrid multilevel/multigrid potential preconditioner is introduced for the fast and robust finite-element modeling of electromagnetic structures. The proposed preconditioning process combines the advantages of the hierarchical multilevel preconditioner and the nested multigrid potential preconditioner into a novel preconditioner with superior computational versatility. Numerical experiments from the application of the new preconditioner to the finite-element analysis of microwave devices demonstrate its superior numerical convergence and efficient memory usage.     

混合场积分方程结合MLFMA分析导体介质复合目标电磁散射问题

针对组合目标电磁散射问题,采用一类新的混合场积分方程进行分析.通过合理选择比例系数组合表面电场和磁场积分方程,构造出具有良好收敛性的阻抗矩阵.MLFMA的迭代求解采用广义最小残差方法(GMRES),结合预条件技术进一步减少迭代次数,加速计算并提高处理电大尺寸导体介质复合目标的能力.研究了几类典型目标电磁散射特性并比较了计算效率,数值算例验证了该方法的准确性和高效性.     

Development of a new adaptive sigma-delta modulator scheme applied to multilevel inverter control

Interest in multilevel inverters is increasing in recent years, especially in high voltage applications. Traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques can be applied to control this type of switched converter. However, it is necessary to adapt these techniques to the particularities of multilevel operation. As an alternative, other modulation techniques, such as sigma-delta modulation (SDM) can be used. In this case, it is possible to use advanced modulation techniques, such as adaptive modulation, to adapt the SDM to the multilevel operation. This article presents a new adaptive sigma-delta modulator that controls a five levels multilevel inverter. The algorithm that generates the sigma-delta signal is implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). This allows a very fast operation independent of the overall control circuit operation response. In addition, the FPGA can generate the control signals necessary to drive the power semiconductors in the power stage. The resulting modulator is simpler than the PWM version.     

Linear time‐invariant/time‐varying equalization of MIMO channels

In this paper, the problem of equalization of linear multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) channels is addressed. Using an algebraic approach, we propose a unifying formalism for the linear time‐invariant/time‐varying channel equalization problem. A new definition called algebraic equalization is presented. This allows us to derive the necessary and sufficient condition on the existence of equalizer. We describe the received signals in terms of Kalman model. This then provides us with a test of channel equalization, which may be performed formally in terms of ranks of some related matrices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于矢量有限元与多层快速多极子技术的 电磁散射快速并行算法

在混合矢量有限元/多层快速多极子算法的基础上提出了一种快速算法及其并行算法,该算法中,其有限元部分的计算可在单元级上完成,无须生成总体系数矩阵,因此可大大节省内存及计算时间;对多层快速多极子部分,将基函数和权函数分别用不同空间位置上的点源函数展开,使阻抗积分计算得到大大简化,所有转移过程可由快速傅立叶变换计算完成,同时还给出了一些其他的改进措施.数值结果说明了算法的有效性.     

UV‐Induced Multilevel Current Amplification Memory Effect in Zinc Oxide Rods Resistive Switching Devices

Zinc oxide (ZnO) devices represent an alternative in the semiconductor technology for their application in resistive switching memory devices and ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors due to their chemical and electrical properties. The multilevel current amplification of ZnO rods RRAM devices induced by UV light illumination is reported here for the first time. The resistive switching mechanism underlying in this type of devices is attributed to the formation of conductive filaments composed of oxygen vacancies. The analysis of the photodecay processes carried out on the devices fabricated with different electrodes shows that the type of interface (Ag/ZnO and Au/ZnO) affects the surface barrier height, which influences the photodecay rate. It is shown that by applying UV light, higher relaxation constants (slower photodecay rates) are obtained and lead to multilevel current amplification behavior.