低水平锰接触对焊工血清神经内分泌激素水平的影响

目的 探讨低水平锰接触对焊工血清神经内分泌激素水平的影响.方法 选择广西某厂41名男性焊工为接触组,某单位不接触锰烟尘及其他有害物质的40名男性工人为对照组,采用化学发光免疫法测定血清中催乳素(PRL)、促黄体生成素(LH)、尿促卵泡素(FSH)、睾酮(TST)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)含量.结果 焊工作业环境空气MnO2几何平均浓度为0.03 mg/m3(0.003～0.519 mg/m3),接触组红细胞锰和尿锰明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).接触组血清LH、TSH水平[(2.89±0.69)mIU/ml、(1.45±0.56)μIU/ml]明显低于对照组[(3.82±1.61)mIU/ml、(2.19±1.28)μIU/ml],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).接锰工龄＜5年组血清LH、FSH、TSH水平明显低于对照组,TST水平明显高于对照组和5～年组,FSH明显低于≥10年组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).接锰工龄5～年组血清LH、TSH水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);接锰工龄≥10年组血清PRL、LH、TSH水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).红细胞锰与尿锰呈负相关(r=-0.310,P＜0.05),血清PRL与TST呈负相关(r=-0.409,P＜0.01),LH与FSH正相关(r=0.361,P＜0.05).结论 长期低水平锰接触可能会致工人血清PRL、LH和TSH水平下降,对神经内分泌激素代谢产生一定的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effects of low level manganese (Mn)exposure on the serum neuroendocrine hormones levels of the welders. Methods The exposure group consisted of 41 male welders,40 male workers without exposing to harmful agents served as controls. The serum contents of prolactin(PRL),luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (TST) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of 81 subjects were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The geometric mean value of airborne Mn concentrations was 0.03 mg/m3 (0.003-0.519 mg/m3) in the welding circumstances.The levels of Mn in red blood cells(RBCs) and urinary Mn of the exposure group were significantly higher than those of control group ( P＜0.01 ). The contents of serum LH and TSH of the exposure group were 2.89±0.69mIU/ml and 1.45±0.56 uIU/ml, which were significantly lower than those (3.82±1.61 mIU/ml and 2.19±1.28μIU/ml ) of control group(P＜0.01 ). The serum contents of LH, FSH and TSH of the group exposed to Mn for ＜5years were significantly lower than those of the control group, The serum TST level of the group exposed to Mn for ＜5 years was significantly higher than those of the control group and group exposed to Mn for 5～years, the serum FSH level of the group exposed to Mn for ＜ 5 years was significantly lower than that of the group exposed to Mn for 10 years (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). The serum contents of LH and TSH of the group exposed to Mn for 5～years were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). The serum contents of PRL, LH and TSH of the group exposed to Mn for 10 years were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05 ). There was negative correlation between blood( RBC ) Mn and urinary Mn(r=-0.310, P＜0.05 ),also there was negative correlation between serum PRL and serum TST (r=-0.409, P＜0.01 ), the positive correlation between serum LH and serum FSH was observed (r=0.361, P＜0.05 ). Conclusion The results of present study showed that the long exposure to low level of Mn may decrease the levels of serum PRL, LH and TSH in workers occupationally exposed to Mn, which can influence the metabolism of neuroendocrine hormones to certain extent.     

贵州省黔南州3～6岁苗族和布依族儿童神经行为发育状况

目的:探讨贵州省黔南州3～6岁苗族和布依族儿童神经行为发育状况及其影响因素,并比较两民族危险因素和临床资料的差异,为早期干预提供依据。方法:2012年1月-2012年8月共收集689名儿童作为研究对象,按民族分为苗族组(328名)和布依族组(361名),分别进行问卷调查,采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表进行检查及神经行为发育评分,并对影响神经行为发育的相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:①两民族智商发育检查结果比较:苗族组328人,正常319人(97.25%),临界5人(1.52%),低下4人(1.22%);布依族组361人,正常358人(99.17%),临界2人(0.55%),低下1人(0.28%),两民族智商发育情况比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.67,P﹤0.01)。②两民族儿童神经行为发育影响因素比较:苗族组在父母吸烟、父母亲文化程度、父母饮酒、喜欢食鱼类食物、毒物接触史等方面与布依族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③两民族儿童智商水平比较:苗族组3岁、4岁及5岁儿童操作智商(PIQ)和全量表智商(FIQ)与布依族组同年龄段比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。而苗族组6岁儿童PIQ和FIQ分别与布依族组6岁儿童比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。④两民族儿童神经行为发育得分比较:苗族组3岁和4岁神经行为发育总分、行为能力、被动肌张力分别与布依族组同年龄段比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论:黔南州苗族与布依族3～6岁儿童神经行为发育有一定的差别,其影响因素为父母文化程度、父母吸烟、父母饮酒、喜欢食鱼类食物、毒物接触史等与神经行为发育有关。     

不同年龄段女性的生理和疾病与性激素水平变化的关系

目的探讨不同年龄段女性人群性激素水平的变化与女性生理特点的关系,以及与女性疾病之间的关系。方法 189例成人根据年龄进行分组,血清性激素采用化学发光法测定。统计采用SPSS16.0进行统计学处理,计量资料均用(x-±s)表示。结果随着年龄的增加,E2水平持续下降,40～54岁组和55～65岁组的FSH和LH水平均显著高于25～39岁组(P<0.01),且55～65岁组比40～54岁组更为显著升高,两者相比差异有统计学意义(FSHP<0.01,LHP<0.05);40～54岁组与各组妇女血清FSH均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),LH在40～54岁组与55～65岁组中均显著增高(P<0.01),在围绝经期各组中FSH/LH比值均大于1.0,E和P在40～54岁和55～65岁组中均有不同程度的降低,其中55～65岁(绝经组)降低显著(P<0.01),40～54岁组和55～65岁组妇女PRL和T与25～39岁组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 3组不同年龄段女性,其性激素水平的变化是不相同的,对机体生理变化产生不同影响,也引起不同的疾病状况。在临床上,检测性激素的水平变化,对不同年龄组的疾病诊断具有重要意义。     

某地女性不孕患者血清生殖激素水平情况调查

目的:调查某地女性不孕患者血清生殖激素水平情况。方法:选择54例女性不孕患者作为研究组,调查其血清生殖激素水平,且检测宫腹腔镜、宫腔镜治疗后的生殖激素水平。结果:研究组患者的E2水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),FSH、LH、PRL水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);宫腹腔镜组患者治疗的总有效率为96.30%,显著高于宫腔镜组(P<0.05),E2水平显著高于宫腔镜组(P<0.05),FSH、LH、PRL水平均显著低于宫腔镜组(P<0.05)。结论:某地女性不孕患者血清生殖激素水平和正常育龄妇女相比具有较大差异,对其进行有效检测能够为临床准确诊断提供有效依据。宫腹腔镜联合治疗能够有效改善患者的血清生殖激素水平,提高治疗的总有效率。     

黔南州农村水族和布依族7～12岁女性儿童骨骼发育差异性比较

目的:探讨黔南州农村水族和布依族7～12岁女性儿童骨骼发育的差异,并比较两民族相关影响因素的差异,为少数民族贫困地区农村儿童骨骼发育的研究提供依据。方法:2011年2月～2012年11月共收集1 200名7～12岁女性儿童作为研究对象,按民族分为水族组(592名)和布依族组(608名),分别进行问卷调查,摄取两组各年龄段右手腕部X片,参照骨发育分级标准———骨24项骨骼发育指标进行阅片,通过数学模型法计算骨龄,然后对骨龄与生活年龄的比值进行不同民族间差异性比较,并对影响骨发育相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:①水族组骨骼早发育78人(13.18%),发育正常499人(84.29%),晚发育15人(2.53%);布依族组608名,骨骼早发育21人(3.45%),发育正常546人(89.66%),晚发育41人(6.74%)。两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=37.45,P<0.01)。②根据年龄将两民族均分为5个年龄段。水族组7～岁,8～岁,9～岁,10～岁,11～12岁年龄段骨龄、生活年龄、差值及标准化年龄水平分别与布依族组相应年龄段比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:水族与布依族女性儿童骨骼发育存在民族差异,水族女性儿童的骨骼发育早于布依族。     

黔南州6～12岁苗族和布依族儿童代谢综合征危险因素对比

目的:探讨黔南州6～12岁苗族和布依族儿童代谢综合征危险因素的特征。方法:2009年1月～2010年12月收集225例代谢综合征儿童为研究对象,按民族分为苗族组(107例)和布依族组(118例),分别进行问卷调查、体格检查及生化指标检测,并对与代谢综合征相关的因素进行分析。结果:①两民族代谢综合征儿童危险因素比较:布依族组在被动吸烟、体重增加、高血压家族史、高血脂家族史等方面与苗族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);②两民族代谢综合征儿童膳食结构及其他因素比较:布依族组在摄入主食、猪肉、猪肉肥瘦、花生、咸菜、甜食等方面明显高于苗族组(P<0.01),在摄入蔬菜方面明显低于苗族组(P<0.01)。苗族组的经济收入明显低于布依族组(P<0.01)。③两民族代谢综合征儿童肥胖和代谢指标水平比较:布依族组儿童的收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯、腰围、腰臀比及体重指数水平均高于苗族组儿童,高密度脂蛋白-C水平明显低于苗族组儿童(P<0.01);两组空腹血糖水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:黔南州布依族和苗族儿童代谢综合征的患病水平存在明显差异,其危险因素为高血压家族史、高血脂家族史、高体重指数、高腰臀比、被动吸烟、膳食口味咸、高碳水化合物饮食、高脂饮食等因素与代谢综合征发病有关。     

聚氨酯鞋用胶粘剂对女工生殖激素水平的影响

为了解聚氨酯胶粘剂对制鞋女工生殖内分泌激素水平的影响,选择41名制鞋企业女工,分为接胶组和对照组,测定其血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、催乳激素(PRL)、孕激素(P)水平。结果显示接胶组女工血清中FSH、LH水平低于对照组,PRL、P、T、E2水平均高于对照组,但仅LH差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。提示聚氨酯胶粘剂对接胶女工血中生殖激素水平有影响,引起LH水平降低。     

黔南州3～6岁农村布依族与苗族儿童维生素D营养状况及骨密度的比较研究

目的:探讨黔南州3～6岁农村布依族与苗族儿童维生素D营养状况及骨密度水平,并比较两民族相关影响因素的差异,为少数民族贫困地区农村儿童骨骼生长发育的研究提供依据。方法:2012年1～12月共收集1 147名儿童作为研究对象,按民族分为布依族组(589名)和苗族组(558名),两组按年龄均分为4个年龄组,3岁、4岁、5岁和6岁年龄组。分别进行问卷调查,测量两组各年龄段儿童身高、体重、骨密度及血清25羟维生素D〔25-(OH)D〕、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)含量,并对影响维生素D营养状况相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:①两民族维生素D营养状况检查结果比较:布依族组589人中,严重缺乏3人(0.51%),缺乏7人(1.19%),不足187人(31.75%),充足392人(66.55%),中毒0人(0.00%);苗族组558人中,严重缺乏18人(3.23%),缺乏25人(4.48%),不足179人(32.08%),充足336人(60.22%),中毒0人(0.00%)。②两民族儿童维生素D营养状况影响因素比较:布依族组鸡蛋摄入量、动物肝摄入量、鱼类摄入量、牛奶摄入量、酸性食物、腌制或高磷食品、家庭经济收入等与苗族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。③两民族实验室检查指标比较:布依族组各年龄段儿童血清25-(OH)D3、BAP、PTH含量与苗族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。④两民族骨发育指标比较:布依族组各年龄段儿童身高、BMD含量与苗族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论:黔南州农村布依族与苗族3～6岁儿童维生素D营养状况有一定的差别,其影响因素为鸡蛋摄入量、动物肝摄入量、鱼类摄入量、牛奶摄入量、酸性食物、腌制或高磷食品、家庭经济收入等。     

黔南州布依族和苗族6～12岁儿童超重肥胖与空腹血糖关系的比较研究

目的:了解黔南州布依族和苗族6~12岁儿童超重肥胖与空腹血糖(FBG)水平关系的民族差异。方法:2013年1月~2014年1月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取6~12岁布依族儿童986名,平均年龄(8.81±1.7)岁,苗族979名,平均年龄(8.95±1.9)岁,共计1 965名,进行问卷调查、家庭膳食调查和体格检查。抽取空腹静脉血,采用OLYMPUSAU2700全自动生化分析仪检测FBG含量水平。比较两民族不同体质量指数(BMI)分级FBG水平及高FBG患病率。通过Logistic回归分析探讨两民族BMI与FBG的关系。结果:布依族6~12岁儿童FBG水平为(5.21±1.12)mmol/L,苗族为(4.82±1.43)mmol/L,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且布依族超重、肥胖儿童能量摄入量、蛋白质摄入量及脂肪摄入量高于苗族,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01)。布依族随着BMI(正常体质量、超重、肥胖)的增加,性别构成、FBG水平及高FBG患病率均增加,不同分级间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。苗族儿童肥胖时FBG水平分别较正常体质量、超重升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。布依族儿童不同BMI分级性别构成、FBG水平及高FBG患病率分别与苗族儿童比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),布依族儿童高于苗族儿童。线性回归分析显示BMI每增加1级,两民族FBG水平增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),布依族儿童增加显著(β值0.432,P<0.01),苗族(β值0.134,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,与正常体质量比较,超重和肥胖时高FBG患病风险增加。结论:黔南州布依族和苗族6~12岁儿童超重肥胖BMI增加对FBG的影响存在民族差异。     

二硫化碳接触女工血清中性激素的水平

目的探讨接触低浓度二硫化碳(CS2)对女性工人血清中性激素水平的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法 2010年11月,选取深圳某粘胶化纤公司60名接触CS2(浓度平均为13.37 mg/m3)、接触工龄为7～15 a的粘胶车间女工(接触组)和本厂不接触CS2者43名(对照组),采用放射免疫法分别测定血清中性激素水平。结果 CS2接触组血清中促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、促黄体激素(LH)、催乳素(PRL)水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);促卵泡激素(FSH)则明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论接触低浓度CS2对女性工人血清中性激素水平具有干扰作用。     

空蝶鞍综合征女性患者激素水平研究

目的 探讨空蝶鞍综合征(ESS)女性患者血清激素水平,并与健康志愿者血清激素水平进行对比分析.方法 选取2007年2月至2011年4月于广东省深圳市龙岗中心医院由常规颅脑磁共振成像(MRI)确诊的30例女性ESS患者为研究对象,纳入ESS组(n=30);选取同期在该院体检的30例女性健康志愿者纳入对照组(n=30).检测两组卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成激素(LH)、泌乳素(PRL)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)及雌二醇(E2)水平,并进行对比分析(本研究遵循程序符合本院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象本人的知情同意,并与其签署临床研究知情同意书).两组患者年龄、性别等比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结果 血清激素水平测定结果显示,ESS组除血清PRL水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,其余5种激素测量结果两组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 ESS女性患者垂体功能低下,高催乳素血症(血清PRL水平增高).     

双酚A与6月~2岁婴幼儿女童乳房发育的关系研究

目的 研究环境内分泌干扰物双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)与2岁以下婴幼儿女童乳房发育(permature thelarche,PT)的关系。方法 选择 6月~2岁PT 40例,正常同龄女童32例,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS-MS)进行血清BPA 浓度测定,同时运用化学发光法进行血清性激素浓度:卵泡刺激素(follicule-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)测定,比较两组差异及分析BPA与性激素之间相关性。结果 6月~2岁婴幼儿女童PT组血清BPA检出率及浓度均显著高于对照组(P均<0.01)。两组血清FSH,PRL浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PT组血清E2浓度高于对照组(P<0.05),PT组血清LH浓度高于对照组(P<0.01)。两组血清BPA浓度与FSH浓度、PRL浓度无相关性(P>0.05)。血清BPA浓度与E2和LH浓度有相关性(P<0.01)。结论 6月~2岁婴幼儿女童存在BPA的暴露;BPA暴露可能是6月~2岁婴幼儿女童出现PT的原因之一。6月~2岁婴幼儿女童BPA的暴露可能影响LH及E2的分泌。     

Food restriction differentially affects pituitary hormone mRNAs throughout the adult life span of male F344 rats

Because neuroendocrine mechanisms may contribute to the antiaging effects of food restriction (FR), we measured the effect of FR on mRNAs encoding anterior pituitary (AP) tropic hormones. Slot blots or RNase protection assays were done on AP RNA from 3-, 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-mo-old male F344 rats consuming food ad libitum (AL) or food restricted (FR; to 60% of AL food intake) from 6 wk. Both AL and FR rats gained body weight during the study (P < 0.05), but FR rats weighed approximately 40% less (P < 0.0001). Messenger RNA levels were expressed in two ways, i.e., per total AP and per microgram total AP RNA. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA/microg RNA was higher (P < 0.0005) in FR than in AL rats at all ages. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) beta mRNA declined with age (P < 0.05) in AL but not FR rats and was reduced by FR up to 12 mo (P < 0.01). Growth hormone (GH) mRNA/microg RNA declined with age (P < 0.05) in AL but not FR rats, and total GH mRNA in the AP was reduced by FR at early ages (P < 0.05). FR reduced prolactin (PRL) mRNA and its age-related increase (P < 0.0005). Levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) beta and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) beta mRNAs did not differ between AL and FR rats until 12 mo, but thereafter rose in FR (LH beta mRNA; P < 0.01, FSH beta mRNA; P < 0.05). Many of these changes in gene expression corroborate previously reported hormonal changes in FR rodents and mutant mice with extended life spans, and thus provide further support for the hypothesis that an altered hormonal milieu contributes to the antiaging effects of food restriction.     

Multiple metals predict prolactin and thyrotropin (TSH) levels in men

Exposure to a number of metals can affect neuroendocrine and thyroid signaling, which can result in adverse effects on development, behavior, metabolism, reproduction, and other functions. The present study assessed the relationship between metal concentrations in blood and serum prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels, markers of dopaminergic, and thyroid function, respectively, among men participating in a study of environmental influences on male reproductive health. Blood samples from 219 men were analyzed for concentrations of 11 metals and serum levels of PRL and TSH. In multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, BMI and smoking, PRL was inversely associated with arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, but positively associated with chromium. Several of these associations (Cd, Pb, Mo) are consistent with limited studies in humans or animals, and a number of the relationships (Cr, Cu, Pb, Mo) remained when additionally considering multiple metals in the model. Lead and copper were associated with non-monotonic decrease in TSH, while arsenic was associated with a dose-dependent increase in TSH. For arsenic these findings were consistent with recent experimental studies where arsenic inhibited enzymes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis and signaling. More research is needed for a better understanding of the role of metals in neuroendocrine and thyroid function and related health implications.     

104例重型颅脑损伤内分泌水平的临床观察及意义

目的研究重型颅脑损伤后患者的内分泌激素水平的变化及意义。方法应用放射免疫定量分析法检测104例重型颅脑损伤患者血清泌乳素（PRL）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）、促黄体生成激素（LH）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离甲状腺素（n3和FL）水平其变化,与正常值进行比较和统计学分析。结果重型颅脑损伤急性期血清PRL、吼含量显著升高,而LH、FSH、FT3显著降低;部分病例受伤72h后及2周后复测,上述指标逐渐恢复正常。结论重型颅脑损伤患者急性期内分泌功能有明显异常变化。     

Effects of zinc deficiency upon pituitary function in sexually mature and immature male rats.

Serum pituitary levels of growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in sexually mature (adult) and sexually immature (juvenile) male rats who had been deprived of dietary zinc for 15 and 7 weeks, respectively. When compared to pair-fed control rats receiving a zinc supplemented diet, both the adult and juvenile zinc deficient rats had significantly lower body weights, tail lengths and ventral prostate weights. The testes of the sexually immature rats were also smaller than those of the pair-fed animals. In sexually mature, zinc deficient rats serum concentrations of GH and testosterone were significantly lower and serum LH levels significantly higher than in ad libitum fed control rats. Pituitary and hypothalamic levels of other hormones did not differ from values recorded in control animals. In sexually immature zinc deficient rats serum concentrations of GH were also significantly depressed; pituitary content and concentration of LH and pituitary and serum levels of FSH were significantly increased over control values. No discernible effects of zinc deficiency upon hyplthalamic content of LH-releasing hormone or serum concentrations of PRL or TSH were recorded in juvenile rats. Zinc deficiency has minimal effects upon the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of sexually mature rats. In sexually immature males, zinc deprivation leads to impairment of gonadal growth and increased synthesis and/or secretion of the pituitary gonadotropins.     

新疆巴州地区不同民族不同年龄段女性激素水平研究

目的 了解新疆巴州地区汉、维、回、蒙古族不同年龄组正常妇女的促卵泡激素（FSH）、促黄体生成激素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）、睾酮（T）垂体化乳素（PRL）6种性激素水平。方法 对516例汉、维、回、蒙族女性6种激素水平用放射免疫分析法进行检测。结果 汉、维、回、蒙占族妇女的性激素水平，随着年龄段及民族的不同而有所不同。15～20岁年龄组汉、回、蒙古族的FSH水平较其他年龄组低，汉、维、回族的LH水平较其他年龄组高，汉、回、蒙族的PRL较低而维族较高。不同民族的FSH、LH、E2、P、T、PRL激素水平与汉族相比较，差异无显著性。结论 6种性激素水平随年龄段和民族的不同，呈现不同的变化趋势，但统计学处理差异无显著性。