足球机器人多智能体协作策略

文章提出了足球机器人多智能体系统协作策略,它由三部分组成:角色执行器、角色分配器和避撞任务处理器。机器人角色分为进攻、防守和守门。角色任务处理器决定每一角色运动到何位置。角色分配器在每个采样周期中,根据视觉信息,动态地改变每一机器人的角色。避撞任务处理器预测两个机器人相撞的可能性,并改变机器人目标位置以避免碰撞。角色任务执行器执行由4阶bezier曲线产生运动轨迹。带有PID控制的足球机器人跟踪确定的bezier曲线。该文提出的策略已成功应用到GDUT_TAIYI队。     

动态双足机器人的控制与优化研究进展

对动态双足机器人的可控周期步态的稳定性、鲁棒性和优化控制策略的国内外研究现状与发展趋势进行了探讨.首先,介绍动态双足机器人的动力学数学模型,进一步,提出动态双足机器人运动步态和控制系统原理;其次,讨论动态双足机器人可控周期步态稳定性现有的研究方法,分析这些方法中存在的缺点与不足;再次,研究动态双足机器人的可控周期步态优化控制策略,阐明各种策略的优缺点;最后,给出动态双足机器人研究领域的难点问题和未来工作,展望动态双足机器人可控周期步态与鲁棒稳定性及其应用的研究思路.     

基于分区的机器人仿真足球赛5v5防守控制策略的设计

机器人仿真足球是当前机器人研究中的一个热点,涉及机器人学、人工智能、智能控制、计算机视觉等多个领域。为了提高机器人仿真足球5vs5比赛中的守门效率,通过分析研究以往3、5、18、12等常用分区防守控制策略,针对存在的问题和不足,提出了实用性更强、效率更高的7分区守门员防守控制策略,2010中国机器人足球大赛暨RoboCup公开赛中对该策略进行了验证,取得了较好的效果。     

博弈论的足球机器人进攻策略研究

为提高足球机器人在比赛中进攻中的成功率,通过分析足球机器人一些进攻策略算法的不足和足球机器人进攻的任务以及Nash均衡的主要特征,提出了一种基于博弈论足球机器人进攻策略算法。博弈的战略考虑射门和传球,通过获得的收益函数值选择最佳策略。实验结果表明,足球机器人能迅速合理选择进攻策略,有效地提高机器人在比赛中进攻中的成功率。     

足球机器人路径规划仿真研究

研究了足球机器人路径优化选择问题,机器人运动与规划路径有误差,使实时性和准确性受到影响.针对传统的机器人路径规划算法过于复杂,同时没有充分考虑到足球机器人在比赛中实时性和对抗性等问题,导致实时性差以及射门准确率低.提出一种结合路径预测的路径最优算法,充分利用预测结果减少每周期的路径规划时间,并采用动态基准圆预测的射门策略,并对守门策略进行改进.进行仿真的结果表明,所提出算法在足球机器人比赛中具有可行性,射门准确率得到提高,击球时机器人达到较快速度,使得敌方更难防守,守门员在防守时充分地体现了智能性,证明算法优化了机器人路径,提高了实时性和准确性,为设计提供了依据.     

足球机器人守门员防守策略研究

分析了足球机器人比赛中防守特点,提出了一种根据区域划分的防守策略算法。分析了可能遇到的几种情况,针对不同的现场局面形式,给出不同的防守策略。     

基于机器人足球比赛的进攻策略的实现

本文介绍了足球机器人系统的组成和决策系统的结构，详细阐述了基于足球机器人比赛的进攻策略的设计与实现，该策略使机器人能够沿着指定的轨迹运动，在运动的同时消除与最佳进攻点的角度和距离误差，使机器人运行到进攻点时，调整到有利于进攻的状态，加速将球踢入对方球门，给出了该策略的静态和动态仿真结果。     

基于佳点集遗传算法的足球机器人策略设计

为了优化足球机器人策略的设计.文中提出了一个基于佳点集遗传算法的足球机器人动作规划算法.首先定义-个足球机器人的动作集合,根据赛场的实际情况为足球机器人分配角色与任务,然后利用佳点集遗传算法为足球机器人选择合适的动作,用该算法进行截球实验和射门实验.实验结果表明,应用新算法的仿真足球机器人动作更准确,效果更佳.     

基于佳点集遗传算法的足球机器人策略设计

为了优化足球机器人策略的设计,文中提出了一个基于佳点集遗传算法的足球机器人动作规划算法。首先定义一个足球机器人的动作集合,根据赛场的实际情况为足球机器人分配角色与任务,然后利用佳点集遗传算法为足球觇器人选择合适的动作,用该算法进行截球实验和射门实验。实验结果表明,应用新算法的仿真足球机器人动作更准确,效果更佳。     

基于单目视觉的机器人目标定位测距方法研究

为实现具有单目视觉的双足机器人对目标物体的定位测距,根据针孔成像和几何坐标变换原理,提出一种基于单目视觉系统自身固定参数计算目标物体深度信息的几何测距方法;该方法利用双足机器人自带的单目视觉系统的固定参数,通过几何映射关系求解目标物体在三维空间内的坐标位置及相对于机器人的距离,克服了由于外界环境变化以及对参照物识别时所产生的误差影响测距定位精度的问题,从而实现基于单目视觉的目标物体精确跟踪定位;并对所提出方法进行了实验,得到比理论结果误差较小的实验数据,证明了方法的可行性。     

欠驱动两足步行机器人研究现状

针对欠驱动两足步行机器人的研究现状与发展趋势进行了探讨。首先,总结了被动行走和踝关节欠驱动两足机器人的研究现状,介绍了欠驱动两足步行机器人的基本研究方法,包括问题描述、步态规划、运动控制和稳定性判定等,并对欠驱动两足机器人需要进一步研究的问题和发展方向进行深入研究,最终目标是将欠驱动控制策略应用于两足步行机器人的行走过程控制,以提高其运动性能。     

A Real-Time Hybrid Architecture for Biped Humanoids with Active Vision Mechanisms

A real-time hybrid control architecture for biped humanoid robots is proposed. The architecture is modular and hierarchical. The main robot’s functionalities are organized in four parallel modules: perception, actuation, world-modeling, and hybrid control. Hybrid control is divided in three behavior-based hierarchical layers: the planning layer, the deliberative layer, and the reactive layer, which work in parallel and have very different response speeds and planning capabilities. The architecture allows: (1) the coordination of multiple robots and the execution of group behaviors without disturbing the robot’s reactivity and responsivity, which is very relevant for biped humanoid robots whose gait control requires real-time processing. (2) The straightforward management of the robot’s resources using resource multiplexers. (3) The integration of active vision mechanisms in the reactive layer under control of behavior-dependant value functions from the deliberative layer. This adds flexibility in the implementation of complex functionalities, such as the ones required for playing soccer in robot teams. The architecture is validated using simulated and real Nao humanoid robots. Passive and active behaviors are tested in simulated and real robot soccer setups. In addition, the ability to execute group behaviors in real- time is tested in international robot soccer competitions.     

Analyses of biped walking posture by dynamical-evaluating index

In this paper, biped walking posture and design are evaluated through dynamic reconfiguration manipulability shape index (DRMSI). DRMSI is the concept derived from dynamic manipulability and reconfiguration manipulability with remaining redundancy. DRMSI represents the ability of dynamical system of manipulators possessing shape changing acceleration in task space by normalized torque inputs, while the hand motion is assigned as the primary task. Besides, we use visual lifting approach to stabilize the walking and stop falling down. In this research, the primary task is to make the position of the head direct to the desired one as much as possible. And realizing the biped walking is the second task. This research indicates that proposed dynamical-evaluating index is effective in evaluating the biped walking motion and biped humanoid robot has the adjustable configuration to walk with higher flexibility. Flexibility represents the dynamical shape changeability of humanoid robot based on redundancy of the humanoid robot with the premise of the primary task given to keeping the head position high.     

基于简化三维线性倒立摆模型的模糊控制射门算法

针对双足机器人传统射门算法存在仅适用于固定射门角度和射门姿态的问题,提出了一种基于简化三维线性倒立摆模型的模糊控制射门算法,用于实现多角度、多姿态的射门。首先利用简化三维线性倒立摆模型规划出零力矩点(ZMP)轨迹和质心轨迹;其次在双腿支撑相对双足机器人进行射门角度和姿态的调整,同时利用贝塞尔曲线规划出游动腿的轨迹;最后利用模糊控制算法精确地规划出双足机器人的射门轨迹。实验部分利用NAO机器人仿真平台验证了本文提出射门算法的性能,并与其它射门算法进行了比较。最后将实物NAO机器人用于全过程与多角度的实际射门实验,验证了本文提出射门的算法可行性与准确性。     

基于改进势场法的足球机器人避障路径规划

分析了势场法用于移动机器人路径规划中产生目标不可达问题的原因, 提出了改进的斥力势场函数, 将机器人与目标的相对距离考虑在内, 以确保总的势场力在目标位置全局最小. 改进的势场法应用于足球机器人避碰控制. 仿真与应用结果表明, 它能有效地解决在目标附近有障碍物时目标不可达问题.     

Development of an artificial muscle linear actuator using ionic polymer–metal composites

We are developing an artificial muscle linear actuator using ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC)—electro-active polymers that bend in response to electric stimuli—and the goal of our study is applying the actuator to robotic applications, especially to a biped walking robot. In this paper, we will describe the structure of the actuator and an empirical model of the actuator which has two inputs and one output, and whose parameters are identified from input-output data. Based on the empirical model, basic experiments and position control of the linear actuator are demonstrated. Then, we consider walking control of a small-sized biped walking robot. In the application we assume that the developed actuators are connected both in series and in parallel to a joint of the walking robot so that the actuators supply enough torque to the robot, and that they are stretched and compressed enough. It is shown throughout simulations that the biped walking robot with the actuators can walk on level ground with a period synchronized with the period of the input signal.     

基于模糊控制的双足步行机器人控制研究

本文研制了一台能够独立自主行走的新型的双足步行机器人。机器人的主体部分采用6台伺服舵机,由伺服舵机对机器人进行驱动,同时舵机本身又可作为躯干,使整个机器人的结构非常紧凑。这也是对现有大多数此类机器人进行研究之后所做的改进。对机器人的行走控制由PIC单片机及其相关电路组成。鉴于双足步行机器人是一个复杂系统,故采用模糊控制来提高其控制的精度。经过实际检验,使用模糊控制可以获得很好的控制效果。     

Sensor system of a small biped entertainment robot

SDR-4X II is the latest prototype model of a small biped entertainment robot. It is the improved model of SDR-4X. In this paper we report on the sensing system of this robot, which is important and essential for a small biped entertainment robot which will be used in the home environment. One technology is the design of the motion sensing system, i.e. the inclination sensor system and the force sensor system which obtains the inclination of the trunk and the foot with force. Another technology is the real-world sensing system. One aspect is the touch sensing system. The robot is used in a normal home environment, so we should strongly consider the safety aspects for human. Another is the vision sensor system. The configuration and the distance image acquisition are explained. Next is the audio sensor system which obtains the sound and the voice information. The hardware system and the direction recognition are explained. These sensing systems are the key to making the biped robot walking and dynamic motion highly stable, and understanding the real-world around the robot.     

3D stable biped walking control and implementation on real robot

A combination of walking control methods was proposed and implemented on a biped robot. The LIPM-based model predictive control (MPC) was adopted to generate a basic stable walking pattern. The stability of pitch and yaw rotation was improved through pitch and yaw momentum control as a supplementation of MPC. It is found that biped robot walking tends to deviate from the planned walking direction if not considering the rotation friction torque in yaw axis under the support foot. There are basically two methods to control yaw momentum, waist and swing arms rotation control. However, the upper body is often needed to accomplish other tasks. Therefore, a yaw momentum control method based on swing leg dynamics was proposed. This idea does not depend on upper body’s motion and is highlighted in this paper. Through experiments, the feasibility of the combination of the control methods proved to be practical in keeping biped robot walking stable both in linear and rotation motion. The pros and cons of the yaw momentum control method were also tested and discussed through comparison experiments, such as walking on flat and uneven terrain, walking with different payloads.